Unit 2 - Key Area 2 - Control and Communication

Question 1

What is the nervous system made up of?

Answer 1

Brain
Spinal Cord
Other Nerves

Question 2

What does CNS stand for?

Answer 2

Central Nervous System

Question 3

What is the CNS made up of?

Answer 3

Brain

Spinal Cord

Question 4

Describe the cerebrum

Answer 4

Responsible for conscious, thoughts, reasoning, memory, and emotions

Question 5

Describe the cerebellum

Answer 5

Controls balance and coordinated movement

Question 6

Describe the medulla

Answer 6

Controls heart rate and breathing rate

Question 7

What are the 3 types of neurons?

Answer 7

Sensory Neuron
Inter Neuron
Motor Neuron

Question 8

What does a receptor do?

Answer 8

Receptors detect sensory input/stimuli (e.g. pain receptors detect heat)

Question 9

What do sensory neurons do?

Answer 9

Sensory neurons pass the information to the CNS

Question 10

What do inter neurons do?

Answer 10

Inter neurons operate within the CNS, which process the information from the senses that require a response.

Question 11

What do motor neurons do?

Answer 11

Motor neurons enable a response to occur at an effector (muscle or gland).

Question 12

What is the order of neurons in a reflex arc?

Answer 12

Sensory -> Inter -> Motor

Question 13

How do messages travel along neurons?

Answer 13

Messages travel along neurons as electrical impulses.

Question 14

Describe the 2 responses to a stimulus

Answer 14

Responses to a stimulus can be a rapid action from a muscle or a slower response from a gland.

Question 15

What are synapses?

Answer 15

Tiny gaps between neurons are called synapses

Question 16

How do synapses work?

Answer 16

The messages carried by neurons are transferred by chemicals at synapsis.

Question 17

What is a reflex action?

Answer 17

A reflex action is a rapid automatic response to a stimulus (anything an organism can detect)

Question 18

Describe 2 features of reflex actions

Answer 18

Reflex actions are involuntary and do not necessarily involve the brain

Question 19

How do reflex actions protect the body from harm?

Answer 19

Reflect actions protect the body form further damage by allowing it to react quickly to stimuli, such as high temperatures that may be harmful.

Question 20

What is the endocrine system made up of?

Answer 20

The endocrine system is made up of endocrine glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Question 21

What are hormones?

Answer 21

Hormones are chemical messengers produced at one site and have their effect on another site.
Hormones are proteins that act as chemical messengers.

Question 22

How do hormones work?

Answer 22

Hormones travel in the blood to target their tissues.
Target tissue cells have complementary receptor proteins for specific hormones, so only that tissue will be affected by these hormones.

Question 23

What is homeostasis?

Answer 23

Homeostasis is the control of internal body conditions.

Question 24

How is the concentration of blood glucose kept constant?

Answer 24

The concentration of glucose in the blood must be kept at a set point. The concentration of glucose in the blood is regulated by the action of the hormones insulin and glucagon.

Question 25

Where is the target tissue for these hormones?

Answer 25

Found in the liver

Question 26

Which organ detects changes in blood glucose concentration?

Answer 26

The pancreas

Question 27

What is glycogen?

Answer 27

Storage form of glucose

Question 28

Describe what happens as a result of an increase in blood glucose

Answer 28

Pancreas releases the hormone insulin

Insulin travels in the blood to the liver

Liver then converts the glucose to glycogen (a soluble storage carbohydrate)

Blood glucose concentration decreases.

Question 29

Describe what happens as a result of an decrease in blood glucose

Answer 29

Pancreas releases the hormone glucagon

Glucagon travels in the blood to the liver

Liver converts glycogen to glucose

Blood glucose concentration increases