Unit 2 - Key Area 2 - Control and Communication Flashcards
What is the nervous system made up of?
Brain
Spinal Cord
Other Nerves
What does CNS stand for?
Central Nervous System
What is the CNS made up of?
Brain
Spinal Cord
Describe the cerebrum
Responsible for conscious, thoughts, reasoning, memory, and emotions
Describe the cerebellum
Controls balance and coordinated movement
Describe the medulla
Controls heart rate and breathing rate
What are the 3 types of neurons?
Sensory Neuron
Inter Neuron
Motor Neuron
What does a receptor do?
Receptors detect sensory input/stimuli (e.g. pain receptors detect heat)
What do sensory neurons do?
Sensory neurons pass the information to the CNS
What do inter neurons do?
Inter neurons operate within the CNS, which process the information from the senses that require a response.
What do motor neurons do?
Motor neurons enable a response to occur at an effector (muscle or gland).
What is the order of neurons in a reflex arc?
Sensory -> Inter -> Motor
How do messages travel along neurons?
Messages travel along neurons as electrical impulses.
Describe the 2 responses to a stimulus
Responses to a stimulus can be a rapid action from a muscle or a slower response from a gland.
What are synapses?
Tiny gaps between neurons are called synapses
How do synapses work?
The messages carried by neurons are transferred by chemicals at synapsis.
What is a reflex action?
A reflex action is a rapid automatic response to a stimulus (anything an organism can detect)
Describe 2 features of reflex actions
Reflex actions are involuntary and do not necessarily involve the brain
How do reflex actions protect the body from harm?
Reflect actions protect the body form further damage by allowing it to react quickly to stimuli, such as high temperatures that may be harmful.
What is the endocrine system made up of?
The endocrine system is made up of endocrine glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream
What are hormones?
Hormones are chemical messengers produced at one site and have their effect on another site.
Hormones are proteins that act as chemical messengers.
How do hormones work?
Hormones travel in the blood to target their tissues.
Target tissue cells have complementary receptor proteins for specific hormones, so only that tissue will be affected by these hormones.
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the control of internal body conditions.
How is the concentration of blood glucose kept constant?
The concentration of glucose in the blood must be kept at a set point. The concentration of glucose in the blood is regulated by the action of the hormones insulin and glucagon.
Where is the target tissue for these hormones?
Found in the liver
Which organ detects changes in blood glucose concentration?
The pancreas
What is glycogen?
Storage form of glucose
Describe what happens as a result of an increase in blood glucose
Pancreas releases the hormone insulin
Insulin travels in the blood to the liver
Liver then converts the glucose to glycogen (a soluble storage carbohydrate)
Blood glucose concentration decreases.
Describe what happens as a result of an decrease in blood glucose
Pancreas releases the hormone glucagon
Glucagon travels in the blood to the liver
Liver converts glycogen to glucose
Blood glucose concentration increases
