Unit 1 - Key Area 5 - Genetic Engineering

Question 1

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 1

Genetic engineering can be transferred from one cell to another using biotechnology.
The organism receiving the DNA is said to be genetically modified (GM)
Organisms are genetically modified in order to give them a combination of genes (genotype) that will result in them having desirable physical characteristics (phenotype).

Question 2

How many stages are there to genetic engineering.

Answer 2

7 stages

Question 3

Describe the stages of genetic engineering

Answer 3

1. Identify section of DNA that contains the required gene from source chromosomes
2. Extract the required gene using a specific enzyme
3. Extract plasmid from bacterial cell
4. Plasmid is cut open using a specific enzyme
5. Insert required gene into bacterial plasmid using a specific enzyme.
6. Insert plasmid into host bacterial cell.
7. Genetically modified organism is created