Unit 2 KA5 - structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins

Question 1

blood circulates from the ……… through the ………. to …………. then to ……….. and back to the …………..

Answer 1

heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, heart

Question 2

what is the function of arteries?

Answer 2

to carry blood away from the heart at high pressure

Question 3

the arteries wall structure is ............
outer layer;
middle layer;
inner layer;
lumen; narrow /wide

Answer 3

thick and strong
connective tissue containing elastic fibres
smooth muscle and more elastic fibres
lining of endothelial cells that make up endothelium
narrow

Question 4

how does the artery’s structure relate to its function?

Answer 4

elastic walls allow stretch and recoil to accommodate surge of blood from each contraction of the heart
smooth muscle can contract to cause vasoconstriction or relax to cause vasodilation

Question 5

function of capillaries?

Answer 5

to allow exchange of substances

Question 6

capillary wall structure; thin/thick

lumen: narrow/wide

Answer 6

thin, narrow

Question 7

how does the structure of capillaries relate to their function?

Answer 7

thin walls and narrow lumen to allow substances to be exchanged

Question 8

what is the function of veins?

Answer 8

to carry blood to the heart at low pressure

Question 9

veins wall structure -
outer layer;
middle layer;
inner layer;

Answer 9

connective tissue containing elastic fibers
much thinner layer of smooth muscle compared to arteries
lining of endothelial cells that make up endothelium

Question 10

veins have ……….. to prevent ……………..

Answer 10

valves, backflow of blood

Question 11

how do veins structure relate to its function?

Answer 11

wide lumen so less resistance to blood flow

Question 12

what causes vasoconstriction in arteries and why?

Answer 12

when the smooth muscle surrounding arteries contract to control blood flow

Question 13

what causes vasodilation in arteries and why?

Answer 13

when the smooth muscles surrounding arteries relax to control blood flow

Question 14

give an example of vasodilation and vasoconstriction in arteries

Answer 14

during a football match, arteries undergo vasodilation at muscles to increase the flow of blood to working muscles, and arterioles in the small intestine undergo vasoconstriction to reduce blood flow to these regions

Question 15

blood consists of ………….

Answer 15

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma

Question 16

what is plasma?

Answer 16

watery yellow fluid that contains all the blood cells and glucose, amino acids, CO2, plasma proteins and ions

Question 17

tissue fluid supplies cells with …………

Answer 17

glucose, oxygen and other substances

Question 18

blood arriving at the ……….. side of a ……… bed is at a ………… pressure than the blood in the …………so blood is forced into these narrow ……….., undergoing …………….
this causes the ………. to pass through the ………. walls into the …………. ……… surrounding the cells
………… and other metabolic waste …….. out of the cells and into the ……… ………….. to be excreted
much of the …….. ………….. returns to the blood in the ………… at the ……….. side of the …………. bed

Answer 18

artery, capillary, higher, capillaries, capillaries, pressure filtration
plasma, capillary, tissue fluid
CO2, diffuse, tissue fluid
tissue fluid, capillaries, vein, capillary

Question 19

role of lymphatic vessels?

Answer 19

absorbs excess tissue fluid

Question 20

role of lymphatic system?

Answer 20

returns the fluid as lymph to the circulatory system