Unit 1 KA3 - RNA

Question 1

what is RNA and what does it stand for?

Answer 1

ribonucleic acid is a single-stranded molecule composed of 3 parts; ribose sugar, phosphate group and an organic base.

Question 2

name the RNA bases.

Answer 2

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine.

Question 3

what are the three types of RNA?

Answer 3

messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA.

Question 4

what is the function of mRNA?

Answer 4

carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome.

Question 5

what is rRNA?

Answer 5

and proteins from the ribosome.

Question 6

what is the function of tRNA?

Answer 6

carries a specific amino acid from cytoplasm to ribosome to be used in translation.

Question 7

describe the structure of tRNA?

Answer 7

a single RNA strandthat folds back on itself to form a 3-D structure with an amino acid binding site at one end.
a loop of nucleotides protruding from the other end includes the specialised anticodon sequence.

Question 8

tRNA folds due to ……… ……………. to form ………… ……….. ………… and …………. ………… for a ………….. ………….. …………

Answer 8

base pairing, triplet anticodon site, attachment site, specific amino acid

Question 9

what is RNA polymerase?

Answer 9

the enzyme responsible for transcription.
moves alone DNA, unwinding the double helix and breaking the hydrogen bonds between the bases.
synthesises a primary transcript of mRNA from RNA nucleotides by complementary base pairing.