Unit 2-Hormonal Control of Reproduction

Question 1

What is the role of the releaser hormone in puberty?

Answer 1

This releaser hormone stimulates the pituitary gland to release two hormones

Question 2

Which part of the brain secretes hormones at the onset of puberty?

Answer 2

Hypothalamus gland.

Question 3

Which hormones are released by the pituitary gland after being stimulated by the releaser hormone?

Answer 3

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH)/Luteinising Hormone (LH)

Question 4

What is the role of Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) in males?

Answer 4

Stimulates the testes to produce testosterone.

Question 5

What is the role of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in males?

Answer 5

Promotes sperm production in the seminiferous tubules.

Question 6

What is the role of testosterone in sperm production?

Answer 6

Stimulates sperm production.

Stimulates the seminal vesicle and the prostate gland to produce their secretions.

Question 7

How are levels of testosterone controlled?

Answer 7

Negative feedback system.

Inhibits the release of FSH and ICSH from the pituitary glands.

Stops sperm production etc.

If the levels of testosterone decrease to normal levels, the inhibitory effect is switched off.

Question 8

What is the role of oestrogen in the control of the hormonal menstrual cycle?

Answer 8

Repairing and thickening the uterus lining, preparing for implantation.

Question 9

What does cell proliferation mean?

Answer 9

Cell division (adding cells).

Question 10

What is the role of FSH in the control of the hormonal menstrual cycle?

Answer 10

Causes the maturation of an ovum in the ovary

Question 11

What is the role of progesterone in the control of hormonal menstrual cycle?

Answer 11

Maintains the uterine lining.

Inhibit FSH and LH production

Question 12

What is the role of LH in the control of hormonal menstrual cycle?

Answer 12

Triggers ovulation.

Stimulates the development of the corpus luteum from the follicle.

Question 13

What are the 2 phases in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 13

Follicular phase and Luteal phase

Question 14

What phase occurs 1st in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 14

The follicular phase.

Question 15

What happens in the 1st steps of the follicular phase?

Answer 15

The pituitary gland in the brain releases FSH which stimulates the follicle to develop and mature.

The follicle/ovary then releases oestrogen.

Question 16

What happens if levels of oestrogen increase in the follicular phase?

Answer 16

If there is increased levels of oestrogen, negative feedback occurs where the oestrogen inhibits the release of FSH from the pituitary gland.

Question 17

What does the oestrogen released from the follicle/ovary in the follicular phase do?

Answer 17

Stimulates the endometrium to repair.

Viscosity of the cervical mucus to reduce/decrease.

Pituitary gland to release LH.

Question 18

What does the LH released from the pituitary gland in the follicular phase stimulate to happen?

Answer 18

Ovulation.

Question 19

What happens in the 1st steps of the luteal phase?

Answer 19

After ovulation high levels of LH stimulate the follicle to develop into a corpus luteum.

The corpus luteum releases oestrogen and progesterone.

Question 20

What does the progesterone released from the corpus luteum in the luteal phase do?

Answer 20

Makes the endometrium lining thicker.

Question 21

What is an example of negative feedback control in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 21

As levels of progesterone and oestrogen increase, they inhibit the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary.

This stops any further follicles developing.

Question 22

How long is the menstrual cycle approximately?

Answer 22

28 days.

Question 23

What is regarded as the 1st day of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 23

The first day of menstruation.

Question 24

What is fertilisation?

Answer 24

The fusion of the nucleus from the sperm withe the nucleus of the egg.

Question 25

Name the 2 ovarian hormones?

Answer 25

Oestrogen and progesterone.

Question 26

What structure secretes the hormone progesterone?

Answer 26

The corpus luteum.

Question 27

If fertilisation does occur, what happens to the corpus luteum and progesterone levels?

Answer 27

The corpus luteum is maintained and continues to produce progesterone.

This means levels of progesterone stay high so the lining of the uterus is maintained and not broken up.