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history 11 > Unit 2 - China Under Mao > Flashcards

Unit 2 - China Under Mao Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the KMT? What were it’s goals? Who supported it?

A
  • KMT = Kuomintang
  • Goals were democracy and capitalism
  • Supported by elites, intellectuals, and generally more fortunate people
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2
Q

Who was Chiang Kai-shek?

A

Leader of the KMT

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3
Q

What was the CCP? What were it’s goals? Who supported it?

A
  • CCP = Chinese Communist Party
  • Goals were communism, collectivization
  • Supported by peasants and farmers
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4
Q

Who was Mao Zedong?

A

Leader of the CCP

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5
Q

What was the Second United Front?

A

The KMT and CCP made a shaky alliance to defeat Japan, which falls apart quickly

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6
Q

What was the Chinese Civil War? Why did it start?

A
  • KMT and CCP fought for control of China (KMT seen as legit gov’t)
  • Started because KMT and CCP fought for control of Japan’s formerly occupied territory
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7
Q

What was the People’s Republic of China (PRC)?

A

Official Chinese gov’t created by CCP after they win the war

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8
Q

What was the Republic of China (ROC)/Taiwan?

A

Gov’t KMT creates in Taiwan after they flee there

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9
Q

What was the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship & Alliance?

A

Treaty aligning China and Russia

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10
Q

Who was Josef Stalin?

A

Leader of Russia

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11
Q

Who was Harry Truman?

A

President of the US

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12
Q

What was the Korean War?

A

North Korea invades South Korea and US (and other international powers) help South Korea

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13
Q

What was the 38th Parallel?

A

Line that divides North and South Korea

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14
Q

Who was Kim Il Sung?

A

Leader of North Korea

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15
Q

Who was Syngman Rhee?

A

Leader of South Korea

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16
Q

Who was General Douglas Mac Arthur?

A

General who led the US troops in the Korean War

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17
Q

What was the Battle of Inchon?

A

After South Korea was pushed back to Pusan, they retook Inchon and from there reclaimed the rest of their land

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18
Q

What happened at the Yalu River?

A

McArthur pushed the troops into North Korea (bad idea), up to the Yalu River, prompting China’s involvement

19
Q

Who was Matthew Ridgeway?

A

General who replaced McArthur after Truman fired him

20
Q

What was the Korean Armistice Agreement?

A

North Korea and South Korea agree to stop fighting (not a formal peace treaty)

21
Q

Who was Zhou Enlai?

A

Premier (high-ranking government official) who carried out Mao’s ideas

22
Q

What was the Agrarian Reform Law? (1950) (2 answers)

A
  • All land owned by gov’t
  • Took land from rich and gave to poor
23
Q

What was collectivization?

A
  • People were made to work in large communities and share everything
24
Q

What were the 5 Year Plans? What did Mao think of them?

A
  • Russia’s plans for reform
  • Mao thought they were too slow, wanted to do a sped-up version
25
Q

What was the Great Leap Forward?

A
  • Mao’s plan to industrialize and modernize China
26
Q

What were People’s Communes?

A

Collectivization of farms (the groups that farmers worked in)

27
Q

What were Backyard Industries?

A

People would make poor-quality steel in their backyards

28
Q

What was the Mutual Defense Treaty? (1954)

A

US promised to back ROC (KMT)

29
Q

What were the Taiwan Strait Crises? What were Quemoy and Matsu?

A
  • Fights between PRC and ROC in the Taiwan Strait
  • Two islands that the PRC took over until US threatened nukes
30
Q

What was the Sino-Soviet Split? Why did it happen?

A
  • China and Russia no longer support each other
  • Mao doesn’t like Russia’s new leader Khrushchev
31
Q

Who was Nikita Khruschev?

A

Russia’s new leader after Stalin died

32
Q

What was the Cultural Revolution?

A

Mao’s last attempt to make China communist

33
Q

Who were the Pragmatists?

A

Part of the PRC who wanted a more logical instead of straight communist approach

34
Q

What was the May 16 Notification?

A

When Mao officially declared the Cultural Revolution’s plan and goals

35
Q

What were the Four Olds? What did Mao say to do regarding them?

A
  • Cultures, customs, ideas, and traditions
  • Destroy them
36
Q

What were the May 7th Cadre Schools?

A

Schools where gov’t officials were sent to learn how to be communist

37
Q

Who were the Red Guards? What was their goal? What did they end up doing?

A
  • Youth groups who supported Mao
  • Their goal was to destroy the 4 Olds and the CcP’s enemies
  • They ended up beating up everyone, killing some people, and fighting each other
38
Q

What were the Little Red Books?

A

Quotes by Mao, almost like the “Bible” of the Cultural Revolution

39
Q

What is a “Cult of Personality”?

A

Worshipping a famous figure and basically making a cult for them

40
Q

What were the Years of Chaos?

A

Mao loses control of the revolution, mass violence everywhere

41
Q

What were the Revolutionary Committees?

A

Members from the gov’t and military came together in committees to help rebuild the gov’t

42
Q

Who was Lin Biao? What was the Lin Biao Incident?

A
  • Mao’s chosen successor, but they begin to butt heads
  • He mysteriously dies in a plane crash
43
Q

How does the CCP officially end?

A

Mao dies

44
Q

What are the impacts of the Cultural Revolution? (5 answers)

A

SECDG
- Socially isolated
- Economy in ruins
- Culture has been destroyed
- Death toll in the millions
- Gov’t questioned by the people

history 11 (8 decks)

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