Unit 2 - China Under Mao

Question 1

What was the KMT? What were it’s goals? Who supported it?

Answer 1

• KMT = Kuomintang
• Goals were democracy and capitalism
• Supported by elites, intellectuals, and generally more fortunate people

Question 2

Who was Chiang Kai-shek?

Answer 2

Leader of the KMT

Question 3

What was the CCP? What were it’s goals? Who supported it?

Answer 3

• CCP = Chinese Communist Party
• Goals were communism, collectivization
• Supported by peasants and farmers

Question 4

Who was Mao Zedong?

Answer 4

Leader of the CCP

Question 5

What was the Second United Front?

Answer 5

The KMT and CCP made a shaky alliance to defeat Japan, which falls apart quickly

Question 6

What was the Chinese Civil War? Why did it start?

Answer 6

• KMT and CCP fought for control of China (KMT seen as legit gov’t)
• Started because KMT and CCP fought for control of Japan’s formerly occupied territory

Question 7

What was the People’s Republic of China (PRC)?

Answer 7

Official Chinese gov’t created by CCP after they win the war

Question 8

What was the Republic of China (ROC)/Taiwan?

Answer 8

Gov’t KMT creates in Taiwan after they flee there

Question 9

What was the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship & Alliance?

Answer 9

Treaty aligning China and Russia

Question 10

Who was Josef Stalin?

Answer 10

Leader of Russia

Question 11

Who was Harry Truman?

Answer 11

President of the US

Question 12

What was the Korean War?

Answer 12

North Korea invades South Korea and US (and other international powers) help South Korea

Question 13

What was the 38th Parallel?

Answer 13

Line that divides North and South Korea

Question 14

Who was Kim Il Sung?

Answer 14

Leader of North Korea

Question 15

Who was Syngman Rhee?

Answer 15

Leader of South Korea

Question 16

Who was General Douglas Mac Arthur?

Answer 16

General who led the US troops in the Korean War

Question 17

What was the Battle of Inchon?

Answer 17

After South Korea was pushed back to Pusan, they retook Inchon and from there reclaimed the rest of their land

Question 18

What happened at the Yalu River?

Answer 18

McArthur pushed the troops into North Korea (bad idea), up to the Yalu River, prompting China’s involvement

Question 19

Who was Matthew Ridgeway?

Answer 19

General who replaced McArthur after Truman fired him

Question 20

What was the Korean Armistice Agreement?

Answer 20

North Korea and South Korea agree to stop fighting (not a formal peace treaty)

Question 21

Who was Zhou Enlai?

Answer 21

Premier (high-ranking government official) who carried out Mao’s ideas

Question 22

What was the Agrarian Reform Law? (1950) (2 answers)

Answer 22

• All land owned by gov’t
• Took land from rich and gave to poor

Question 23

What was collectivization?

Answer 23

• People were made to work in large communities and share everything

Question 24

What were the 5 Year Plans? What did Mao think of them?

Answer 24

• Russia’s plans for reform
• Mao thought they were too slow, wanted to do a sped-up version

Question 25

What was the Great Leap Forward?

Answer 25

- Mao's plan to industrialize and modernize China

Question 26

What were People's Communes?

Answer 26

Collectivization of farms (the groups that farmers worked in)

Question 27

What were Backyard Industries?

Answer 27

People would make poor-quality steel in their backyards

Question 28

What was the Mutual Defense Treaty? (1954)

Answer 28

US promised to back ROC (KMT)

Question 29

What were the Taiwan Strait Crises? What were Quemoy and Matsu?

Answer 29

- Fights between PRC and ROC in the Taiwan Strait - Two islands that the PRC took over until US threatened nukes

Question 30

What was the Sino-Soviet Split? Why did it happen?

Answer 30

- China and Russia no longer support each other - Mao doesn't like Russia's new leader Khrushchev

Question 31

Who was Nikita Khruschev?

Answer 31

Russia's new leader after Stalin died

Question 32

What was the Cultural Revolution?

Answer 32

Mao's last attempt to make China communist

Question 33

Who were the Pragmatists?

Answer 33

Part of the PRC who wanted a more logical instead of straight communist approach

Question 34

What was the May 16 Notification?

Answer 34

When Mao officially declared the Cultural Revolution's plan and goals

Question 35

What were the Four Olds? What did Mao say to do regarding them?

Answer 35

- Cultures, customs, ideas, and traditions - Destroy them

Question 36

What were the May 7th Cadre Schools?

Answer 36

Schools where gov't officials were sent to learn how to be communist

Question 37

Who were the Red Guards? What was their goal? What did they end up doing?

Answer 37

- Youth groups who supported Mao - Their goal was to destroy the 4 Olds and the CcP's enemies - They ended up beating up everyone, killing some people, and fighting each other

Question 38

What were the Little Red Books?

Answer 38

Quotes by Mao, almost like the "Bible" of the Cultural Revolution

Question 39

What is a "Cult of Personality"?

Answer 39

Worshipping a famous figure and basically making a cult for them

Question 40

What were the Years of Chaos?

Answer 40

Mao loses control of the revolution, mass violence everywhere

Question 41

What were the Revolutionary Committees?

Answer 41

Members from the gov't and military came together in committees to help rebuild the gov't

Question 42

Who was Lin Biao? What was the Lin Biao Incident?

Answer 42

- Mao's chosen successor, but they begin to butt heads - He mysteriously dies in a plane crash

Question 43

How does the CCP officially end?

Answer 43

Mao dies

Question 44

What are the impacts of the Cultural Revolution? (5 answers)

Answer 44

**SECDG** - **S**ocially isolated - **E**conomy in ruins - **C**ulture has been destroyed - **D**eath toll in the millions - **G**ov't questioned by the people