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history 11 > The Cold War > Flashcards

The Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

Proxy Wars

A

Little wars in 3rd world countries that the major countries supported/funded but didn’t actively fight in

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2
Q

1st/2nd/3rd World Countries

A

1st: Capitalists
2nd: Communists
3rd: Swing countries (mostly where the proxy wars were fought)

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3
Q

Containment Policy

A

US’s policy to try to contain Communism behind the Iron Curtain

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4
Q

George Kennan’s Telegram

A

A US Embassy member in Russia who warned the US that Russia wanted to make everyone communist

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5
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

US will help any countries being threatened by communism

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6
Q

Domino Theory

A

If a country becomes communist, then the countries surrouding it will also be come communist

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7
Q

NSC - 68

A

In charge of keeping the US safe, blueprint for nuke program and increased military

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8
Q

Marshall Plan

A

Economic plan to rebuild European countries so they don’t think communism is a good idea

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9
Q

National Security Act

A

Consolidate all army/navy/air force into one building

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10
Q

NATO

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization formed by Western capitalist countries to fight Russia

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11
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

Leader of Russia, super extreme

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12
Q

Sattelite States

A

Governments that operated under Russian Policies

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13
Q

COMECON

A

Russia wanted to elimate need to trade outside of communist “bubble”

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14
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

Soviet version of NATO

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15
Q

Nikita Khruschev

A

Leader of Russia after Stalin died

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16
Q

Harry Truman

A

President of US who focused on containment and aiding foreign countries

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16
Q

De-Stalinization

A

Khruschev’s plan to take away Stalin’s more extreme policies
- Allow dissent
- Release prisoners imprisoned unneccisarily
- Less harsh approach in general

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17
Q

Czech Coup (1948)

A

Communists took over the Czech Republic, wake up call for the US

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18
Q

Berlin Airlift

A

Russia blocked off West Berlin from the US to try to force them out, but US flew in supplies until Russia gave up

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19
Q

Second Red Scare

A

People afraid of communism coming to the US, being nuked, or being spied on

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19
Q

Hydrogen Bomb

A

Way more powerful than the atomic bomb

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20
Q

FBI & J. Edgar Hoover

A

FBI director, became very powerful
Would spy illegally, blackmail, ignore people’s civil liberties

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21
Q

McCarran Internal Security Act (1950)

A

Prevented communists from being in the US gov’t

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22
Q

Dennis v. US (1951)

A

Dennis (a communist) sued US for infringing on 4th Amendment (freedom of political thought) and 1st Amendment
Ruled not a violation - communists were clear and present danger

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23
Q

House Of Representatives, the Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

A

A section in the House that would interrogate anyone thought to be communist

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24
Q

Hollywood 10/Blacklist

A
  • HUAC went after movie directors/writers because of the widespread influence they had
  • 10 directors refused to answer and went to jail
  • Slowed momentum of HUAc
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25
Q

Alger Hiss

A
  • FDR’s loved advisor called before HUAC
  • Lies in court but they don’t know that
  • Arrest him anyway
  • Later it’s found out that he was actually a spy
26
Q

Julius & Ethel Rosenberg

A
  • Gets accused and goes to HUAC
  • Says he’s communist but not with Russia
  • Gov’t enters his house illegally and finds out he’s with Russia but Ethel is innocent
  • Execute them both because they can’t say what they did
27
Q

Lavender Scare

A

Gay-phobia - people thought they could be blackmailed easier
Lost their jobs and everything

27
Q

Joseph McCarthy/McCarthyism

A

Heightens fear and accuses many people, haters stay quiet bc of mass hysteria

28
Q

Dwight D. Eisenhower

A

President after Truman, policy included Massive Retaliation and Covert Action

29
Q

John Foster Dulles

A

Secretary of State, in charge of foreign policy

30
Q

Allen Dulles

A

CIA director (gov’t relied heavily on CIA)

31
Q

Massive Retaliation

A

US’s policy that they will respond massively to any threat

32
Q

Covert Action

A

Using CIA to secretly act in other countries
- Iran: fund a coup for Iranians
- Guatemala: fund a coup for Guatemalians

33
Q

Arms Race

A

Trying to get more nukes to be more powerful

34
Q

Mutually Assured Destruction

A

If one side uses nukes, the other side will too and the world will be destroyed

35
Q

Bert the Turtle/Duck & Cover Drills

A

Drills to protect youself in case nukes are ever launched

36
Q

Sputnik 1

A

Russian sattelite, first thing to ever go to space

37
Q

NASA

A

Response to Sputnik 1

38
Q

Geneva Summit (1955)

A

US, Britain, France, Russia meet and talk
- acknowledge problems and mistrust
- talk about nukes, border countries, Berlin
- doesn’t really work out

39
Q

Hungarian Revolution

A

Sattelite of state of Russia that wanted to become capitalist and overthrow the leader
Russia mass slaughtered them, US didn’t intervene (behind the Iron Curtain)

40
Q

Suez Crisis (1956)

A

Egypt wanted to own the Suez Canal but France, Brit, Israel didn’t want this to happen and fought
US tells Brit and France to get out, not worth it

41
Q

Eisenhower Doctrine (1957)

A

US will provide aid to Middle Eastern countries falling to communism
Builds off the Truman Doctrine

42
Q

Cuban Revolution

A

Cuba overthrew Batista (who let US control Cuba) and put in Castro (communist) (he led the revolution)
US was mad and tried to kill him but they always failed

43
Q

Fulgencio Batista

A

Leader of Cuba before revolution

44
Q

Fidel Castro

A

Revolutionary, leader of Cuba after revolution

45
Q

Che Guavara

A

Guy Castro found in Mexico during exile and helped him overthrow Batista

46
Q

Moncada Barracks Attack

A

Castro’s first attack on the gov’t, sparked a revolution

47
Q

26th of July Movement

A

Movement to overthrow Batista inspired by the Moncada Barracks Attack

48
Q

Berlin Incident (1958)

A

Russia tries to get the US out of Berlin but they bring in military reinforcements, Russia backs down

49
Q

Richard Nixon

A

Eisenhower’s vice president

50
Q

Kitchen Debate

A

Nixon and Khruschev got into it at an American museum of a home, inside the kitchen display
Debated communism and capitalism

51
Q

U-2 Incident

A

A U-2 plane got shot down over Russia, so they realized we were spying on them
Supposed to commit suicide if you get shot
Prisoner exchange to get him back

52
Q

Military Industrial Complex

A

Eisenhower’s final message
US is putting so much money into the govenrment that eventually it will become a core part of the country and won’t be undoable

53
Q

John F. Kennedy

A

President after Eisenhower, a visionary always aiming for more
Expand Arms Race and Space Exploration, implement Flexible Response

54
Q

Flexible Response

A

Only nuke if we have to, try to use diplomacy first
Use guerilla warriors to counter rebellion in other countries secretly
Replaced Massive Retaliation

55
Q

Green Berets

A

Group of guerilla warriors meant to counter rebellion in other countries secretly

56
Q

Moonshot Speech

A

Speech where JFK says we will go to the moon!

57
Q

Bay of Pigs

A

Plan started during Eisenhower’s time, JFK forced into it
Use escaped Cubans to go back into Cuba and instigate a revolution, thought other Cubans would rise up and join them
They didn’t, and it was a massive fail and a bad look for JFK

58
Q

Operation Mongoose

A

US kept planning to kill Castro

59
Q

Vienna Summit

A

Khruschev and JFK talk, JFK gets destroyed by Khruschev in debates

60
Q

Berlin Crisis/Berlin Wall

A

Russia tells US to leave Berlin but US doesn’t
Intellectuals start leaving East Berlin to go to West Berlin
Russia builds a wall to keep them in, under the premise of keeping the West Berliners out
They’re not fooling anybody

61
Q

Cuban Missle Crisis

A

Russia puts nukes in Cuba, US sends spy planes and finds out
Almost invade Cuba or air strike them, but won’t be able to get all the nukes so it’s not worth risking (this would def start nuclear war)
Black Saturday: A U-2 plane gets shot down over Cuba and a Russian sub mistakes a command and almost nukes the US
JFK decides to do diplomacy and talk it out with Khruschev (sends his brother)
Russia will take nukes out of Cuba if US will take nukes out of Turkey and stop trying to invade Cuba
Castro is mad bc he wanted to kill JFK (hates him)

62
Q

“Strategy for Peace” Speech

A

JFK’s speech about how we need to stop fighting with Russia so the world won’t get destroyed

63
Q

Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

A

US and Russia agree to only test nukes underground
Less damage and danger, limits nuke-inventing because it’s harder to test them

history 11 (8 decks)

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