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Physiology > Unit 2: Chapter 9: The Autonomous Nervous System > Flashcards

Unit 2: Chapter 9: The Autonomous Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Autonmoic Neurons are composed of the centers in the ?

A

braind and spinal cord

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2
Q

Autonomic Neurons receive input from _____ and direct activity of _______ which innervate cardiac and smooth muscles and glands

A

sensory neurons; involuntary motor neurons

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3
Q

_____________ integrate sensory information + help direct approriate responses to maintain homeostasis + respond to the environment

A

Interneurons

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4
Q

The cell bodies in the spinal cord are _____

A

Somatic

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5
Q

This is just one neuron traveling from spinal cord to effector (skeletal muscle)

A

Somatic

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6
Q

This has 2 sets of neurons in the PNS

A

Autonomic

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7
Q

The two neurons of autonomic in the PNS

A
  1. Cell bodies in brain and spinal cord and synapses in autonomic ganglion
  2. cell bodies in ganglion and synapses on effector
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8
Q

These autonomic neurons originate in the: hindbrain, midbrain, and thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord

A

Preganglionic Neuron

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9
Q

Where do preganglionic neurons originate?

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Hindbrain
  3. Spinal Cord - thoracic, lumbar and sacral
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10
Q

The postganglionic neurons originate in ____

A

ganglion

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11
Q

These autonomic neurons originate in the ganglion

A

postganglionic

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12
Q

These autonomic neurons are located in the head, neck and abdomen

A

autonomic ganglia

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13
Q

Autonomic ganglia are located in the _____, ______, and , ________

A

Head, neck, abdomen

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14
Q

These autonomic neurons form chains along either side of the spinal cord

A

Autonomic ganglia

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15
Q

The thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord make up the ___________ division

A

Thoracolumbar

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16
Q

Preganglionic neurons synapse in sympathetic ganglia that run parallel to the spinal cord are called

A

paravertebral ganglia

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17
Q

These ganglia are connected, forming a sympathetic chain of ganglia

A

paraverterbal ganglia

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18
Q

Why is there convergence and divergence?

A

Becasue preganglionic neurons can branceh and synapse in ganglia at any level

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19
Q

One preganglionic neuron synapses on several postganglionic neurons at different levels

A

Divergence

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20
Q

Several preganglionic neurons at different levels synapse on one postganglionic neuron

A

Convergence

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21
Q

Divergence of neurons refers to

A

one preganglionic neuron synapsing on many postganglionic at different levels

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22
Q

Convergence of neurons refers to

A

several preganglionic neurons at different levels synapsing on one postganglionic neuron

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23
Q

Where do splanchic nerves synapse in?

A

Collateral ganglia

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24
Q

Why do spanchi nerves synapse in the collateral ganglia?

A

Because the sympathetic neruons which exit the spinal cord below the diaphragm don’t synapse in the sympathetic chain of ganglia

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25
The adrenal cortex secretes ___ hromones
Steroid
26
The Adrenal medulla secretes _____ and ____ when stimulated by the Sympathetic Nervous System as a part of mass activation
Norephinephrine;epineprhine
27
When the adrenal medulla secretes its neurotransmitters when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system as a part of mass activation it is called a ___________ system
sympathoadrenal
28
The brain and sacral region of the spinal cord is also known as the __ divison
Craniosacral
29
Synapse on ganglia located near or in effector organs are known as
terminal ganglia
30
Fight or flight is activated through the release of __________ from postganglionic neurons and the secretion of __________ from the adrenal medulla
norepinephrine; epinephrine
31
What part of the autonomic nervous system tonically regulates the heart, blood vessels and other organs?
Sympathetic Divison
32
What part of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for intense physical activity in emergencies?
Sympathetic Divison
33
How does the sympathetic divisoin prepare the body for intense physical activity in emeergencies?
1. increase heart rate 2. increase blood glucose levels 3. divert blood to skeletal muscles
34
The parasympathetic divison is ______________ to the sympathetic divison
antagonistic
35
What divison of the Autonomic Nervous System allows the body to rest and digest?
Parasympathetic
36
What alllows the body to rest and digest in the Parasympathetic divison?
the release of ACh from postganglionic neurons
37
How does the parasympathetic divison "Rest and digest"
Slows heart rate Increases digestive activities
38
ACH is the neurotransmitter used by (most/all) preganglionic neurons
all
39
ACH is the neutoransmitter released from (most/all) parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
most
40
Some sympathetic postganglionic neurons release what neurotransmitter?
ACh
41
Which sympathetic postganglionic neurons realease AcH?
Thoe that innervate sweat glands and skeletal muscle blood vessels
42
Synapses that use ACh are called
cholinergic
43
Norepineprhine is the neurotransmitter releaed by (most/all) sympathetic postganglionic neurons
most
44
Synapses that use norepinephrine are called
adrenergic
45
Drugs that act like sympathoadrenal stimulation are called ____________ drugs
sympathomimetic
46
Adrenergic neurotransmitters are collectively known as _______
catecholamines
47
Various swellings on postganglionic axons that release neurotransmitters along the length of the axon
varicosities
48
sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons innervate (similar/different) tissues, but release (the same/different) neurotransmitters with antagonistic effects
similar; different
49
The response to adrenergic stimulation cen be triggered by what?
Epineprhine or norepineprhine
50
The responses to adrenergic stimulation can be found in what parts?
Epineprhine in blood Norepinephrine in sympathetic nerves
51
Adrenergic Stimulation increases _ constricts _ and dilates _
Increases HR Constricts Blood Vessels Dilates Iris
52
Adrenergic Inhibition relaxes _ and _ causing _
Releaxes bronchioles and some blood vessles, causing dilation
53
Drugs that promote the process stimulated by the neurotransmitter
Agonist
54
Drugs that block the action of the neurotransmitter
Antagonist
55
ACh released from both divison of the preganglionic neurons is always ________
stimulatory
56
ACh released from the postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic divison is usually _________, but may be ___________ depending on receptor type
stimulatory; inhibitory
57
The two cholinergic receptors are
Nicotinic Muscarinic
58
This cholinergic receptor is found in the autonomic ganglia
Nicotinic
59
This choligernic recptor is stimulated by ACh from the Preganglionic neuron
Nicotinic
60
This choligernic receptor serves as ligand-gated ion channels for Na+ and K+
nicotinic
61
What blocks nicotinc?
curare
62
This cholinergic receptor is found in visceral organs
Muscarinc
63
This cholinergic receptor is stimulated by the release of ACh from postganglionic neurons
Muscarinic
64
This cholinergic receptor uses G-proteins and a second messenger system
Muscarinic
65
How many types of muscarinic are there identified?
5
66
Dual Innervention refers to
receiving both spathetic and parasympathetic input
67
How does dual innervation work in heart rate?
Sympathetic increases it Parasympathetic decreases it
68
How does dual innervation work in digestive functions
Sympathetic decreases Parasympathetic increases
69
How does duall innervation work in pupil diameter?
Sympathetic dilates Parasympathetic constricts
70
What organs don't use dual innervation, only the sympathetic divison?
Adrenal Medulla Arrector pili muscles in the skin Sweat glands in the skin Most blood vessels
71
What regulates the organs that don't use dual innervation/
increasing or decreasing sympathetic nerve activity
72
What is the regulation of organs without dual innervation critical for
Body temperature regulation

Physiology (6 decks)

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