Unit 1: Chapter 7: The Nervous System

Question 1

Composed of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

Central Nervous System

Question 2

Composed of the cranial nerves + spinal nerves

Answer 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 3

The structural and functional units of the nervous system that can conduct impulses and repair but can’t divide

Answer 3

Neurons

Question 4

Contains nucleus, nissl bodies and other organelles

Answer 4

Cell BOdy

Question 5

What is cell body called in CNS?

Answer 5

Nuclei

Question 6

What is cell body in PNS?

Answer 6

ganglia

Question 7

Receives impoulses and conducts them to cell body

Answer 7

Dendrites

Question 8

Conducts action potentials away from cell body

Answer 8

Axon

Question 9

Gaps between myelin sheaths that facilitate conduction

Answer 9

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 10

Three types of neuorns

Answer 10

1. Sensory
2. Motor
3. Association/Inter

Question 11

Single, short process that splits into two

Answer 11

Pseudounipolar

Question 12

2 processes ( 1 dendrite + 1 axon)

Answer 12

bipolar

Question 13

several dendrites + 1 axon

Answer 13

multipolar

Question 14

Don’t conduct impulses, but can divide. Provide support and protection ofr neurons

Answer 14

Neuroglia

Question 15

Form myuelin sheaths around peripheral axons in the PNS

Answer 15

schwann cells

Question 16

SUpport cell bodies within the ganglia of the PNS

Answer 16

Satellite cells

Question 17

Form myelin sheath around central axons in the CNS

Answer 17

oligodendrocytes

Question 18

Migrate + phagocytize foreign or degernated material in the CNS

Answer 18

microglia

Question 19

Regulate the external environment of neurons in the CNS

Answer 19

astorcytes

Question 20

LIne brain ventricles and central spinal canal and produce cerbrospinal fluid in CNS

Answer 20

Ependymal Cells

Question 21

Outer cytoplasmic layer of schwann cells

Answer 21

Neurilemma

Question 22

Unmyelinated axons and cell bdoies

Answer 22

Gray matter

Question 23

Myelinated axons

Answer 23

White matter

Question 24

Resting membrane potential

Answer 24

-70mV

Question 25

At -55mV, Na + channels open and Na+ rushes in

Answer 25

Depolarization

Question 26

At 30mV, Na+ channels close, K_ channels open and K+ rushes out

Answer 26

Repolarization

Question 27

Threshold Potential

Answer 27

-55mV

Question 28

K+ overshoots the resting potential and reaches about -85mV

Answer 28

hyperpolarization

Question 29

When you can't generate any impulses

Answer 29

refractory period

Question 30

No new action potential can be generated at all

Answer 30

Absolute refractory period

Question 31

Only a very strong stimulus can trigger an action potential

Answer 31

Relative refractory period

Question 32

Law: Stronger Stimuli Increases frequency, not size of action potentisl

Answer 32

All of None Law

Question 33

Which factors affect conduction speed of nerve impulses?

Answer 33

1. Large neuron diameter 2. Myelination

Question 34

A connection between neuron + neuron or neuron + other cell

Answer 34

Synapse

Question 35

Synapse is located on the dendrite

Answer 35

Axodendritic

Question 36

Synapse is located on cell body

Answer 36

Axosomatic

Question 37

Synapse is located on another axon

Answer 37

Axoaxonic

Question 38

Synapse where ions and molecules pass directly between cells

Answer 38

Electrical Synapse

Question 39

Synapse which uses neurotransmitters to signal

Answer 39

Chemical Synapse

Question 40

Na+ or Ca2+ enter the cell causing depolarization

Answer 40

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential

Question 41

K+ or Cl- enter cell causing hyperpolarization

Answer 41

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential

Question 42

Two types of ACh receptors

Answer 42

1. Ligand-Gated Channel 2. G-Protein Coupled CHannels

Question 43

3 G-Protein Stucture

Answer 43

1. Alpha 2. Gamma 3. Beta