Unit 1: Chapter 8: The Central Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
What is the CNS made of?
A
Brain and spinal cord
2
Q
Functions of CNS?
A
Receive input from sensort neurons and direct activity of motor neurons
3
Q
Largest portion of hte brain
A
the cerebrumP
4
Q
part of brain responsible for higher mental functions
A
Cerebrum
5
Q
Outer region of cerebrum
A
Cerebral cortex
6
Q
Folds in brain
A
Gyri
7
Q
Grooves in brain
A
Sulci
8
Q
Gyri + Suli
A
Convulsions5
9
Q
Lobes of Cerebrum
A
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
- Insula
10
Q
Lobe responsible for motor control
A
Frontal Lobe
11
Q
Lobe responsible for somesthic sensation
A
Parital Lobe
12
Q
Lobe which includes auditory centers and responsible for visual interpretation
A
Temporal Lobe
13
Q
Lobe responsible for vision and coordination of eye movements
A
Occipital Lobe
14
Q
Lobe which encodes memory, integrates sensory information with visceral responses
A
Insula
15
Q
Masses of gray matter located deep within the white matter of the cerebrum
A
Basal Ganglia/Nuclei
16
Q
Controls voluntary movement
A
Basal Ganglia
17
Q
Most prominent structure which consists of the caudat enucleus and lentiform nucleus
A
Corpus Striatum
18
Q
The lentiform nucleus includes
A
Putamen and globus pallidus
19
Q
What divides the left and right hemispheres?
A
Corpus Callosum
20
Q
What separates the frontal and parietal lobe?
A
Central sulcus
21
Q
What is right infront of the central sulcus?
A
Precentral gyrus
22
Q
What is right behind the central sulculs?
A
Postcental gyrus
23
Q
The very deep thing in between both hemispheres is called the
A
longitudinal fissue
24
Q
What is the primary motor vontrol cortex?
A
The precentral gyrus
25
What is the sensory function cortex?
Postcentral Gyrus
26
What does broca's area do?
Motor speech
27
What does wernicke's area do?
language comprehension
28
WHat is the precentral gyrus also known as?
Primary Motor Cortex
29
What is the post central gyrus also known as?
Somatosensory Cortex
30
Function of Cerebum?
Higher mental functions
31
Which lobe involves memory, and visceral responses?
insula
32
masses of gray matter located deep in the white matter of the cerebrum
basal nuclei
33
what is the basal nuclei responsible for
movement
34
What makes up the basal ganglia
caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus
35
What is the dopaminergic release to the corpus striatum found in the basal nuclei?
Substantia nigra
36
What holds the excitatory impulses to the cerebellum
Subthalamic nucleus of the diencephalon
37
Degeneration of dopaminerfic neruons from the subtantia nigra to the corpus striatum causes what?
Parkinson disease
38
WHat hemisphere is for language?
Left
39
What hemisphere is better for visuospatial tasks?
Right
40
Where does communication between the left and right side of the brain occur?
Coropus callosum
41
What part of the brain is severed in severe form of epilepsy?
Corpus callosum
42
What aphasia involves slow and poorly articulated speech, but keeps language understanding?
Broca's Aphasia
43
What is broca's aphasia also known as?
Nonfluent aphasia
44
What aphasia invovles the production of rapid speech with no meaning and destoryed language comprehension?
Wernicke's aphasia
45
Wernicke's Aphasia is also known as
fluent aphasia
46
What is word comprehension sent from the Wenicke's Area to Broca's Area through?
Arcuate fasciculus
47
What is located at the junction between the parietal, occipital and temporal lobes?
Angular Gyrus
48
What is the center for integration of auditory, visual and somateshtic information?
Angular Gyrus
49
What is the group of brain regions responsible for emotional drives?
Limbic System
50
Which areas of the cerebrum are included in the limbic system?
Cingulate Gyrus
Amygldaloid Body
HippoCampus
Septal Nuclei
Anterior Insula
51
What parts of the diencephalon are part of the limbic system?
Hypothalamus and Thalamus
52
What controls agressoin?
Amygdaloid and hypothalamus
53
What controls fear?
Amygdaloid body and hypothalamus
54
What controls feeding, hunger/satiety
hypothalamus
55
What controls sex drive?
THe whole system, including the cerebrum
56
What controls goal-directed behaviors?
Hypothalmus and frontal cortex
57
This part of the forebrain includes the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, part of the pituitary gland and the thrid ventricle
Diencephalon
58
This part of the forebrain is surrounded by the cebral hemispheres
Diencephalon
59
Paired masses of gray matter which make up most of the walls of the third ventricle
Thalamus
60
The relay center through whic all sensory information, except smell is passed to the cerebrum
Thalamus
61
Promotes a state of arousal from sleep and aleterness
Intralaminar nuclei
62
Contains the choroid plexus over the thrid ventricle where CSF is produced
Epithalums
63
Contains the pineal gland
Epithalamus
64
Secretes melatonin which helps regulate circadian rhythms
Pineal Gland
65
WHat hormone does the pineal gland make?
Melatonin
66
This part of the brain is very important for maintaining homeostasis and regulating the autonomic system
Hypothalamus
67
Regulates hunger/satiety + thirst
Hypothalamus
68
Regulates body temp
hypothalamus
69
regulates sleep + wakefulness
hypothalamus
70
Regulates sexual arousal + performance
hypothalamus
71
regulates emotions of fear, anger pain and pleasue
hypothalamus
72
regulates visceral responses to emotion
hypothalamus
73
controls hormone secretion from the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
74
This region of the hypothalamus is responsible for hunger
Lateral
75
This region of the hypothalamus is responsible for satiety
Medial Region
76
This region of the hypothalamus is responsible for shivering, hyperventilation, vasodilation and sweating
preoptic-anterior
77
This region of the hypothalamus produces antidiuretic hormone which helps control urine formation
Supraoptic
78
This region of the hypothalamus produces oxytocin
Paracentricular
79
This part of the brain is also known as the mesencephalon and located between the diencephalon and pons
Midbrain
80
Includes the corpora quadrigemina, cerberal peduncles and red nucleus
midbrain
81
This part of the corpora quadrigemina is responsible for visual reflexes
superior colliculi
82
This part of the corpora quadrigemina is responsible for auditory reflexes
inferior colliculi
83
This part of the midbrain is ascending and descending tracts of white matter
cerebral peduncles
84
This part of the midbrain connects the cerebrum and cerebellum and is involved in motor coordination
red nucleus
85
The top two bumps of the midbrain are the
superior colliculi
86
The bottom two bumps of the midbrain are the
inferior colliculi
87
This is part of the dopaminergic mesolimbic system that sends neurons to the limbic system and nucleus accumbens in th eforebrain
Substantia nigra
88
What are some drugs of abuse which affect the dopamine system?
Nicotine
opioids
cannabinoids
Benzodiazepines
89
What is also known as the rhombencephalon and composed of the metencephalon and myelencephalon
hindbrain
90
This is composed of the pons and cerebellum
Metencephalon
91
Houses sensory and motor tracts heading from/to the spinal cord
Pons
92
Trigeminal, abducens, facial and vestibulocochlear cranial nerves arise from the ?
pons
93
The second largest brain structure with gray matter on the outside and white matter on the inside
Cerebellum
94
Receives input from proprioceptors in joints, tendons and muscles
Cerebellum
95
Works with the basal nuclei + motor cortex to coordinate movement
Cerebellum
96
Needed for motor learning and proper timing + force required to move limbs in a specific task
cerebellum
97
Made up of the medulla oblongata
Myelencephalon
98
The place where all ascending and descending tracts between the brain and spinal cord pass through
Medulla
99
Contains nuclei required for autonomic regulation of breathing and cardiovascular repsonse (vital centers)
myelencephalon
100
Falling asleep and staying awake depends on the activation and inhibition of the
Reticular Activating System
101
This system includes the pons and reticular formation of the midbrain
Reticular Activating System
102
Neurons from the pons release ACh on the thalaums. This does what?
Enhances passing of snesory information to the cerebral cortex
103
Neurons from the hypothalamus and basal forebrain release monoamines onto the cerebrum further enhancing
Alertness
103
Neurons from the lateral hypothalamic area release arousing ppolypeptide hormone:
orexin/hypocretin
103
Loss of lateral hypothalamic area orexin neurons leads to
Narcolepsy
103
Neurons from the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus release GABA into other areas of the RAS. This does what?
Inhibits RAS and allows sleep
103
Composed of white matter surrdounign a gray matter core
Spinal cord
104
Arranged with a left and right dorasla horn and a left and right ventral horn
Gray matter
105
Nerves that arise directly from nuclei in the brian
Cranial Nerves
106
Nerves that arise directly from the spinal cord
Spinal Nerves
107
Unconscious motor response to a sensory stimulus
reflex arc
