Unit 2 - Chapter 12 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards by Robert Herpel

You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it is your turn. You say to Alex, “I’ll take Ancient Explanations of Mental Illness for $100.” The answer is, “His was the first recorded attempt to explain abnormal behavior as due to some biological process.” The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say ______________.

“Who is Hippocrates?’”

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Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered __________.

maladaptive

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According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of _____________.

a set of learned responses

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The primary purpose of the DSM is to

help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders

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Which of the following is an anxiety disorder

phobic disorder

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In which disorder does a person seem to experience at least two or more distinct personalities existing in one body?

dissociative identity disorder

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Severe depression that comes on suddenly and is too severe for circumstances or seems to have no external cause is called ?

major depression

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What is the best way to describe the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

an excess of distortion of normal functions

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Isaiah shows patterns of instability in his relationships, self-image, and feelings. As such, he most likely has what personality disorder?

borderline

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which of the following reflect behavioral aspects of test anxiety?

procrastination, avoiding studying, or deficient study skills

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Jayla is experiencing severe anxiety. Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance. Her psychiatrist is using the what of abnormality?

biological model

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Dr. Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client’s psychological disorder.

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

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which of the following culture-bound disorders is most commonly seen in latin america

ataque de nervios

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according to the biological perspective, a person with phobia has elevated activation in a part of the brain called the

amygdala

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which of the following perspectives claims that shaping may play a big role in the development of some cases of dissociative identity disorder

behavioral

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Makayla is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep. in addition she reports that her thoughts seem to be going fast- similar to watching three television shows at once. Makayla most likely is experiencing

a manic episode

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As a serious dancer, Justine watches what she eats. She knows that she is underweight, but fears that if she starts eating more that she will get fat. In addition to a preoccupation with food she has also stopped menstruating. Her behaviors suggest that she might be suffering from ________.

anorexia nervosa

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Nick is admitted to a mental institution because he hears voices talking to him that no one else can hear, and he sees demons attacking him, though no one else can see anything near him. Nick’s symptoms are known as ______.

hallucinations

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manny has increased levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in his frontal lobe areas. Which disorder might he be at risk of experiencing?

schizophrenia

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people with what disorders have an excessively rigid, maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others.

personality

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Joanna is experiencing severe anxiety. Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance. Her psychiatrist is using the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of abnormality.
A. psychoanalytic model
B. intrapersonal model
C. biological model
D. behavioral model

C. biological model

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Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. deviant
B. uncomfortable
C. rare
D. maladaptive

D. maladaptive

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According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of _____________.
A. repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface
B. a set of learned responses
C. illogical thinking patterns
D. chemical imbalances and brain damage

B. a set of learned responses

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The primary purpose of the DSM is to _____.
A. help psychologists assess only normal behavior
B. keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum
C. help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders
D. describe the causes of common physiological disorders

C. help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders

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``` Which of the following is an anxiety disorder? A. bipolar disorder B. conversion disorder C. phobic disorder D. schizophrenia ```

C. phobic disorder

``` Severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause is called ______. A. dysthymia B. bipolar disorder C. hypomania D. major depression ```

D. major depression

``` As a serious dancer, Justine watches what she eats. She knows that she is underweight, but fears that if she starts eating more, she will get fat. In addition to a preoccupation with food, she has also stopped menstruating. Her behaviors suggest that she might be suffering from ________. A. anorexia nervosa B. bulimia nervosa C. compulsive exercise D. phobic disorder ```

A. anorexia nervosa

What is the best way to describe the positive symptoms of schizophrenia? A. clearly identifiable symptoms B. a decrease in normal functioning C. an excess or distortion of normal functions D. symptoms that psychologists are certain are occurring

C. an excess or distortion of normal functions

``` Sal has decreased levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in his frontal lobe areas. Which disorder might he be at risk of experiencing? A. antisocial personality disorder B. agoraphobia C. schizophrenia D. dissociative fugue ```

C. schizophrenia

Which of the following reflect behavioral aspects of test anxiety? A. excessive worrying, expecting to do poorly, and finding it hard to study in the first place B. procrastination, avoiding studying, or deficient study skills C. body tension, difficulty breathing, and sweaty palms D. anger, depression, and frustration

B. procrastination, avoiding studying, or deficient study skills

``` Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) seems to be related to ________. low levels of thyroxine low levels of sunlight high levels of thyroxine high levels of sunlight ```

low levels of sunlight

According to the cognitive perspective, disordered behavior is the result of ________.

illogical thinking patterns

Padma is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep. In addition, she reports that her thoughts seem to be going fast—similar to watching three television shows at once. Padma most likely is experiencing ________.

a manic episode

What is the name of the culture-bound syndrome that involves a period of increased agitation and violence?

amok

While each panic attack is different, the average panic attack peaks in about.

10-15 minutes

Ian's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his inability to cope with criticism. The doctor suggests that Ian's problem represents the expression of a repressed, unresolved, internal conflict buried in his unconscious mind that has its roots in Ian's childhood. This view is typical of the ________ model of abnormality.

psychodynamic

________ is a repetitive behavior or mental act that an individual feels compelled to perform in response to an obsession.

A compulsion

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding schizophrenia? It is the same thing as split personality. It is the same thing as multiple personality disorder. It is the same thing as dissociative identity disorder. It is a long-lasting psychotic disorder.

It is a long-lasting psychotic disorder.

Each day, while Sid is sitting at his desk at work, he continually thinks about germs. Each time this occurs, he washes his hands. Sid probably suffers from ________.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Ali, a war veteran, has had nightmares, flashbacks, and anxiety attacks for the past three years. Ali is most likely suffering from ________. acute stress disorder external locus of control catastrophic stress post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Ned seeks therapy after having recurrent episodes of feeling "detached from himself" for several months, but he has not lost his self-awareness or memory. He notes that he feels like a robot, disconnected from his movements and actions. He is most likely suffering from ________.

depersonalization/derealization disorder

Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when, without warning, her heart begins racing rapidly, she has a sensation of being "out of her body," and she experiences dulled vision and hearing, rapid breathing, and sweating. She thinks she is having a heart attack. Nothing she is doing seems to have caused such an episode. Her symptoms MOST resemble ________.

a panic attack

Sal has increased levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in his frontal lobe areas. Which disorder might he be at risk of experiencing?

schizophrenia

Linda's house was flooded in a hurricane. Upon losing her home, she had nightmares, disturbed sleep, and anxiety that lasted about two weeks. Linda most likely suffered from ________.

acute stress disorder

The television talks to Heidi. It tells her the police are out to get her. Heidi actually hears these voices, even though they are really a figment of her own mind. Because Heidi has schizophrenia, she is mostly experiencing a(n) ________.

hallucination

Each of the following is a symptom of bulimia nervosa EXCEPT ________. recurrent episodes of binge eating refusal to maintain body weight at or above minimal normal weight for age and height recurrent inappropriate behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting, to try and prevent weight gain an obsession with one's own appearance.

refusal to maintain body weight at or above minimal normal weight for age and height

Sandy has a tendency to disregard the compliments that people give her about her work, and fails to realize her own skills and talents. Beck would say that Sandy engages in ________.

all-or-nothing-thinking

Kaylee refuses to change in the locker room during gym class. She is afraid that someone will see her body, make fun of it, and embarrass her. As a result, Kaylee skips gym class to avoid the situation. Based on this information, it is possible that Kaylee has ________.

social anxiety disorder

Your aunt has a fear that makes it difficult for her to leave her home. She feels trapped and is unable to work or engage in any kind of activity that requires going outside of her home. You are not surprised when you find out your aunt is diagnosed with ________. trypanophobia odontophobia agoraphobia a specific phobia

agoraphobia

What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobic disorder?

Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers, while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.

Molly leaves for a trip, but she repeatedly keeps asking her husband, Jeff, "Did we lock the door?" For the entire trip, Molly worries about the door. Molly's doubt about locking the door is a(n) ______________.

Obsession

Which of the following is NOT a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

anger

Sal has increased levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in his frontal lobe areas. Which disorder might he be at risk of experiencing?

schizophrenia

Anne talks to her pet elephant, which no one else can see. Anne is having a

hallucination

Elliot became widowed after nearly 40 years of marriage. He has convinced himself that no one will ever love him again. His irrational thinking has caused him to suffer from depression, and he rarely leaves the house anymore. What perspective might BEST explain his behavior?

cognitive

Jack finds himself feeling depressed most of the day. He is constantly tired yet he sleeps very little. He has feelings of worthlessness that have come on suddenly and seemingly have no basis in reality. What might Jack be diagnosed with?

major depressive disorder

Pat's behavior appears normal, then he becomes depressed and hyperactivity follows. He would likely be diagnosed as having which disorder?

bipolar

Which cognitive distortion involves focusing on only one aspect of a situation while ignoring all other aspects?

Selective thinking

Aidan's wife comes home angry from her job, and he immediately assumes that he has done something wrong. Such irrational thinking is an example of:

personalization

Carl Roger's person-centered approach is considered _____________ because the client actually does all the real work, with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board.

non-directive

Sydney tends to blow negative events out of proportion to their importance (magnification) while ignoring relevant positive events (minimization). What therapeutic technique may work best to help Sydney?

rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

When is ECT most likely to be used?

After psychotherapy and drug therapy have failed

In bilateral anterior cingulotomy, ___________________.

a thin wire electrode is used to destroy a small area of brain tissue

What are two of the major classes of antidepressant drugs?

MAOIs and tricyclics

Some drugs that combat depression work by _______________.

increasing the amount of serotonin in the brain

Sleep is a product of evolution. Which theory proposes this?

Adaptive theory

Information gets from sensory memory to short-term memory through the process of _________.

selective attention

Sensorimotor

Lacks object permanence

Preoperational

Uses language to explore the world

Concrete operational

Mastered conservation

Structuralism

Titchener

Objective Introspection

Wundt

Functionalism

James

Phineas Gage

frontal lobe

vision

occipital lobe

sensory cortex

parietal lobe

hearing

temporal lobe

Cones are __________ light-sensitive and ___________ color-sensitive than rods.

less; more

For reinforcement (regardless of it being positive or negative), you are always ________________ a behavior. For punishment (regardless of it being positive or negative), you are always ________________ a behavior.

increasing; decreasing

Dr. Jones has given the same psychology final exam for the past 5 years. Most of the questions on the exam are asking about chemistry, however. Dr. Jones is surprised every time he scores the exams because everyone fails. Dr. Jones psychology final is ____________, but not ______________.

reliable; valid

Peter is a nursing student and has been smoking for years. He obviously understands the health consequences of smoking, but convinces himself that he is still young and healthy, so he continues to smoke. This is an example of?

cognitive dissonance

You observe someone from your psychology class at the grocery store get angry and yell at the cashier. Which of these attributions illustrates the fundamental attribution error?

the student is a mean, angry person