Unit 2 Cameron Winbush

Question 1

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 1

Federalist Party

Question 2

Anti-Federalist

Answer 2

that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution.

Question 3

Article I

Answer 3

gives Congress its powers and limits. Congress is the legislative branch of the government, meaning they are the ones to make laws for the United States of America.

Question 4

Article II

Answer 4

sets forth the definition and terms of the Executive Branch of Government in the United States of America.

Question 5

Article III

Answer 5

the United States Constitution is the section that creates the judicial branch in the United States

Question 6

Article IV

Answer 6

The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature can-not be convened) against domestic Violence.

Question 7

Article V

Answer 7

describes the process whereby the Constitution, the nation’s frame of government, may be altered.

Question 8

Article VI

Answer 8

establishes the laws and treaties of the United States made in accordance with it as the supreme law of the land, forbids a religious test as a requirement for holding a governmental position

Question 9

Articles of Confederation

Answer 9

comprised the United States’ first constitution, lasting from 1776 until 1789

Question 10

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 10

Independent politician

Question 11

Bill of Rights

Answer 11

Together with the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, the Bill of Rights helps to define the American political system and the government’s relationship to its citizens.

Question 12

Checks and Balances

Answer 12

principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power.

Question 13

Constitutional Convention

Answer 13

n some states, notably those Commonwealth of Nations states that follow the Westminster system and whose political systems derive from British constitutional law, most government functions are guided by constitutional convention rather than by a formal written constitution

Question 14

Crispus Attucks

Answer 14

Crispus Attucks was an African-American man killed during the Boston Massacre and thus believed to be the first casualty of the American Revolution.

Question 15

Critical Period

Answer 15

coined by John Fiske (philosopher) in 1888 with his book ‘The Critical Period of American History’, refers to the 1780s, a time right after the American Revolution where the future of the newly formed nation was in the balance.

Question 16

Declaration of Independence

Answer 16

is an important part of American democracy because first it contains the ideals or goals of our nation. Second it contains the complaints of the colonists against the British king. Third, it contains the arguments the colonists used to explain why they wanted to be free of British rule.

Question 17

Electoral College

Answer 17

the electors are people chosen by their state political parties to cast votes for president and vice president. Electors can be state party leaders or elected officials; sometimes they are individuals with a personal connection to a presidential candidate.

Question 18

enumerated powers

Answer 18

are specific powers granted to Congress by the United States Constitution. The framers of the Constitution wanted to ensure the new federal government would not become an overreaching entity that might subject the people to the oppression from which they had fled.

Question 19

federalism

Answer 19

is the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or ‘federal’ government) with regional governments (provincial, state, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system

Question 20

federalists

Answer 20

The supporters of the proposed Constitution called themselves “Federalists.” Their adopted name implied a commitment to a loose, decentralized system of government.

Question 21

the Federalist Papers

Answer 21

is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym “Publius” to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution.

Question 22

First Continental Congress

Answer 22

was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen …. Party Politics in the Continental Congress.

Question 23

French and Indian War

Answer 23

altered the relationship between Britain and its American colonies because the war enabled Britain to be more “active” in colonial political and economic affairs by imposing regulations and levying taxes unfairly on the colonies

Question 24

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Answer 24

shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof

Question 25

George Washington

Answer 25

is revered as the father of his country, a clever and skilled general, and a man of restrained principle—but not as a political thinker. This short introduction to Washington’s political philosophy reveals him as a thoughtful public intellectual who was well equipped to lead the young United States.

Question 26

Great Compromise

Answer 26

created two legislative bodies in Congress. Also known as the Sherman Compromise or the Connecticut Compromise, the deal combined proposals from the Virginia (large state) plan and the New Jersey (small state) plan.

Question 27

implied power

Answer 27

are political powers granted to the United States government that aren’t explicitly stated in the Constitution. They’re implied to be granted because similar powers have set a precedent. These implied powers are necessary for the function of any given governing body.

Question 28

inherent powers

Answer 28

are the powers that are necessary for a branch of government to get its job done. The president has the power to issue executive orders, enforce (or not enforce) the law and order injunctions

Question 29

James Madison

Answer 29

Democratic-Republican Party Founder

Question 30

John Jay

Answer 30

was an important American statesman and a Founding Father of the United States. He served in a variety of capacities throughout his lifetime, but is most commonly known for being the first Chief Justice of the United States.

Question 31

Lexington and Concord

Answer 31

The Americans won the battle. The British retreated back to Boston. The Battle of Concord proved to the British that the American army was not just a band of unorganized rebels, but an army that deserved respect. The Battles of Lexington and Concord took place on April 19, 1775.

Question 32

mercantilism

Answer 32

is economic nationalism for the purpose of building a wealthy and powerful state. Adam Smith coined the term “mercantile system” to describe the system of political economy that sought to enrich the country by restraining imports and encouraging exports.

Question 33

Montesquieu

Answer 33

in full Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, (born January 18, 1689, Château La Brède, near Bordeaux, France—died February 10, 1755, Paris), French political philosopher whose principal work, The Spirit of Laws, was a major contribution to political theory.

Question 34

necessary and proper clause

Answer 34

Often called the “elastic clause,” the necessary and proper clause simply states that Congress has the power, “To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States

Question 35

New Jersey Plan

Answer 35

was one option as to how the United States would be governed. The Plan called for each state to have one vote in Congress instead of the number of votes being based on population. It was introduced to the Constitutional Convention by William Paterson, a New Jersey delegate, on June 15, 1787

Question 36

New World

Answer 36

has been used to refer to any new period of history evidencing a dramatic change in world political thought and the balance of power

Question 37

political culture

Answer 37

is the set of attitudes, beliefs, and sentiments which give order and meaning to a political process and which provide the underlying assumptions and rules that govern behavior in the political system

Question 38

Samuel Adams

Answer 38

was a Boston-born political leader who played a vital role in moving colonial America to its decisive break with Britain during the American Revolution

Question 39

Second Continental Congress

Answer 39

was a convention of delegates from the 13 colonies that formed in Philadelphia in May 1775, soon after the launch of the American Revolutionary War.

Question 40

separation of powers

Answer 40

A fundamental principle of the United States government, whereby powers and responsibilities are divided among the legislative branch, executive branch, and judicial branch

Question 41

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 41

was an armed uprising in Massachusetts, mostly in and around Springfield during 1786 and 1787. … The federal government found itself unable to finance troops to put down the rebellion, and it was consequently put down by the Massachusetts State militia and a privately funded local militia.

Question 42

social contract theory

Answer 42

nearly as old as philosophy itself, is the view that persons’ moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live.

Question 43

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 43

the Sons of Liberty had many rituals. They had secret code words, medals, and symbols. Originally formed in response to the Stamp Act, their activities were far more than ceremonial. It was the Sons of Liberty who ransacked houses of British officials.

Question 44

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 44

It was the first colonial action against a British measure and was formed to protest the Stamp Act issued by British Parliament on March 1765. The Stamp Act Congress was attended by 27 representatives of nine of the thirteen colonies.

Question 45

Supremacy Clause

Answer 45

of the United States Constitution (Article VI, Clause 2) establishes that the Constitution, federal laws made pursuant to it, and treaties made under its authority, constitute the supreme law of the land

Question 46

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 46

He was a draftsman of the U.S. Declaration of Independence; the nation’s first secretary of state (1789-94); second vice president (1797-1801); and, as the third president (1801-09), the statesman responsible for the Louisiana Purchase

Question 47

Thomas Paine

Answer 47

In late 1776, Paine published The American Crisis pamphlet series to inspire the Americans in their battles against the British army. He juxtaposed the conflict between the good American devoted to civic virtue and the selfish provincial man.

Question 48

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 48

was a compromise reached among state delegates during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention. The compromise solution was to count three out of every five slaves as a person for this purpose.

Question 49

Virginia Plan

Answer 49

Drafted by James Madison, and presented by Edmund Randolph to the Constitutional Convention on May 29, 1787, the Virginia Plan proposed a strong central government composed of three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

Question 50

Common Sense

Answer 50

has always been a cornerstone of American politics. In 1776, Tom Paine’s vital pamphlet with that title sparked the American Revolution