Unit 15 Cameron Winbush

Question 1

Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Answer 1

is a United States federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010.

Question 2

agenda setting

Answer 2

theory describes the “ability [of the news media] to influence the importance placed on the topics of the public agenda

Question 3

Board of Governors

Answer 3

is a several-member group that oversees or manages the running of an institution.

Question 4

budget deficit

Answer 4

occurs when an individual, business or government budgets more spending than there is revenue available to pay for the spending, over a specific period of time.

Question 5

charter school

Answer 5

A charter school is a school that receives government funding but operates independently of the established state school system in which it is located.

Question 6

common core

Answer 6

is a set of high-quality academic standards in mathematics and English language arts/literacy (ELA). These learning goals outline what a student should know and be able to do at the end of each grade.

Question 7

Department of Health and Human Services

Answer 7

The United States Department of Health and Human Services, also known as the Health Department, is a cabinet-level department of the U.S. federal government with the goal of protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services.

Question 8

depression

Answer 8

a long and severe recession in an economy or market.

Question 9

discount rate

Answer 9

the minimum interest rate set by the Federal Reserve for lending to other banks.

Question 10

distributive policies

Answer 10

refers to the provision of benefits to citizens, groups, or corporations. Governments also use distributive policy to encourage certain activities

Question 11

entitlement programs

Answer 11

a government program that guarantees certain benefits to a particular group or segment of the population.

Question 12

Federal Reserve System

Answer 12

often referred to as the Federal Reserve or simply “the Fed,” is the central bank of the United States. It was created by the Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system.

Question 13

fiscal policy

Answer 13

In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection and expenditure to influence the economy. According to Keynesian economics, when the government changes the levels of taxation and government spending, it influences aggregate demand and the level of economic activity.

Question 14

governmental agenda

Answer 14

A political agenda is a list of subjects or problems to which government officials as well as individuals outside the government are paying serious attention at any given time. … Although the media does often have an effect on the political agenda, these results are not always immediate.

Question 15

gross domestic product

Answer 15

Gross Domestic Product is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a period of time, often annually or quarterly. Nominal GDP estimates are commonly used to determine the economic performance of a whole country or region, and to make international comparisons.

Question 16

inflation

Answer 16

a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money

Question 17

keynesian economics

Answer 17

Keynesian economics are the various macroeconomic theories about how in the short run – and especially during recessions – economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand.

Question 18

laissez-faire

Answer 18

Laissez-faire is an economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation, privileges, tariffs and subsidies. The phrase laissez-faire is part of a larger French phrase and translates to “let do”, but in this context usually means “let go”.

Question 19

means-tested programs

Answer 19

Understanding Means-tested Welfare or Aid to the Poor. … For example, food stamps, public housing, Medicaid, and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families are means-tested aid programs that provide benefits only to poor and lower-income persons.

Question 20

medicaid

Answer 20

is a health care program that assists low-income families or individuals in paying for doctor visits, hospital stays, long-term medical, custodial care costs and more. Medicaid is a joint program, funded primarily by the federal government and run at the state level, where coverage may vary.

Question 21

medicare

Answer 21

is the federal health insurance program for: People who are 65 or older. Certain younger people with disabilities. People with End-Stage Renal Disease (permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or a transplant, sometimes called ESRD)

Question 22

monetary policy

Answer 22

Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country, typically the central bank or currency board, controls either the cost of very short-term borrowing or the monetary base, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency.

Question 23

national debt

Answer 23

The aggregate, gross amount that Treasury can borrow is limited by the United States debt ceiling. As of October 28, 2018, debt held by the public was $15.8 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.8 trillion, for a total or “National Debt” of $21.6 trillion.

Question 24

No Child Left Behind Act

Answer 24

authorizes several federal education programs that are administered by the states. The law is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Under the 2002 law, states are required to test students in reading and math in grades 3–8 and once in high school.

Question 25

non-means-tested programs

Answer 25

Government programs available only to individuals below a poverty line. Examples of Non-means tests. social security, medicare, veterans disability benefits, unemployment benefits. Examples of Means-Tested programs. medicaid, supplemental security income, temporary assistance for needy families, food stamps.

Question 26

open market operations

Answer 26

An open market operation is an activity by a central bank to give liquidity in its currency to a bank or a group of banks

Question 27

policy adoption

Answer 27

is the third phase of the policy process in which policies are adopted by government bodies for future implementation.

Question 28

policy evaluation

Answer 28

Policy evaluation applies evaluation principles and methods to examine the content, implementation or impact of a policy. Evaluation is the activity through which we develop an understanding of the merit, worth, and utility of a policy.

Question 29

policy formulation

Answer 29

Let us again start with the consideration of a definition: Policy formulation is the development of effective and acceptable courses of action for addressing what has been placed on the policy agenda.

Question 30

policy implementation

Answer 30

As a general concept policy implementation can be defined as the third stage of policy cycle its means the stage of the policy process immediately after the passage of a law, or the action that will be taken to put the law into effect or that the problem will be solved.

Question 31

public policy

Answer 31

Public policy is the principled guide to action taken by the administrative executive branches of the state with regard to a class of issues, in a manner consistent with law and institutional customs.

Question 32

recession

Answer 32

In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction when there is a general slowdown in economic activity. Macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, investment spending, capacity utilization, household income, business profits, and inflation fall, while bankruptcies and the unemployment rate rise.

Question 33

redistributive policies

Answer 33

A policy requirement whereby the government reallocates the wealth from one group in society to another group. It involves the direct provision of benefits to citizens through social programs such as welfare.

Question 34

regulatory policies

Answer 34

In addition to fiscal and monetary policies, a government affects the economy through regulatory policy, which aims to limit what can be done in the marketplace. Most governments have some regulations covering a variety of areas, including: Banking, insurance, and other financial businesses.

Question 35

reserve requirements

Answer 35

is a central bank regulation employed by most, but not all, of the world’s central banks, that sets the minimum amount of reserves that must be held by a commercial bank.

Question 36

Social Security Act

Answer 36

On August 14, 1935, the Social Security Act established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped.

Question 37

systemic agenda

Answer 37

“all issues that are commonly perceived by members of the political community as meriting public attention and as involving matters within the legitimate jurisdiction of existing governmental authority”.

Question 38

vouchers

Answer 38

a small printed piece of paper that entitles the holder to a discount or that may be exchanged for goods or services.