Unit 12 Cameron Winbush

Question 1

501(c) group

Answer 1

Nonprofit, tax-exempt groups organized under section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code that can engage in varying amounts of political activity, depending on the type of group. For example, 501(c)(3) groups operate for religious, charitable, scientific or educational purposes.

Question 2

527 political committees

Answer 2

a non-profit organization formed under Section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code, which grants tax-exempt status to political committees at the national, state and local level.

Question 3

Barack Obama

Answer 3

Barack Hussein Obama II is an American attorney and politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American to be elected to the presidency. He previously served as a Senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008.

Question 4

Bernie Sanders

Answer 4

Bernard Sanders is an American politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Vermont since 2007.

Question 5

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act

Answer 5

2002 is a United States federal law that amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974, which regulates the financing of political campaigns. Its chief sponsors were Senators Russ Feingold and John McCain

Question 6

campaign consultant

Answer 6

sometimes act as political strategists, a senior political consultant who promote the election of certain candidates or the interests of certain groups. This is achieved by planning campaign strategies, coordinating campaign staffers, and arranging events to publicize candidates or causes.

Question 7

campaign manager

Answer 7

oversees all aspects of the campaign including day-to-day operations, the hiring and management of staff, the coordination and implementation of the fundraising operations and ongoing coordination with the candidate. They are also responsible for creating and managing the campaign budget.

Question 8

Citizens United vs. FEC

Answer 8

558 U.S. 310, is a landmark U.S. constitutional law, campaign finance, and corporate law case dealing with regulation of political campaign spending by organizations

Question 9

closed primary

Answer 9

A type of direct primary limited to registered party members, who must declare their party affiliation in order to vote. The closed primary serves to encourage party unity and prevent members of other parties from infiltrating and voting to nominate weak candidates.

Question 10

communications director

Answer 10

a position in both the private and public sectors. A director of communications is responsible for managing and directing an organization’s internal and external communications.

Question 11

contrast ad

Answer 11

Advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponent’s platform or character. Term. Contrast Ad. Definition. Ad that compares the records and proposals of the candidates, with a bias toward the sponsor.

Question 12

conventional political participation

Answer 12

includes voting, volunteering for a political campaign, making a campaign donation, belonging to activist groups, and serving in public office.

Question 13

crossover voting

Answer 13

refers to a behavior in which voters cast ballots for a party with which they are not traditionally affiliated.

Question 14

Donald J. Trump

Answer 14

Donald John Trump is the 45th and current President of the United States. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality. Trump was born and raised in the New York City borough of Queens

Question 15

elector

Answer 15

a person who has the right to vote in an election.

Question 16

electorate

Answer 16

all the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election.

Question 17

Electorate college

Answer 17

The Electoral College consists of 538 electors. A majority of 270 electoral votes is required to elect the President. Your state’s entitled allotment of electors equals the number of members in its Congressional delegation: one for each member in the House of Representatives plus two for your Senators

Question 18

FECA

Answer 18

Federal Election Campaign Act, a U.S. federal law regulating political campaign spending and fundraising. Federal Employees’ Compensation Act, a U.S. national law regarding compensation to federal government employees for work-related injuries

Question 19

FEC

Answer 19

The Federal Election Commission is an independent regulatory agency whose purpose is to enforce campaign finance law in United States federal elections.

Question 20

finance chair

Answer 20

The finance committee chair is most often the board treasurer, whose specific duties are usually described in the organization’s bylaws

Question 21

front-loading

Answer 21

distribute or allocate (costs, effort, etc.) unevenly, with the greater proportion at the beginning of the enterprise or process.

Question 22

general election

Answer 22

a regular election of candidates for office, as opposed to a primary election.

Question 23

GOTV

Answer 23

organized efforts by a political party or campaign to encourage people to vote in an election.

Question 24

HAVA

Answer 24

The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA) is a federal program that reformed aspects of the United States election system. The law was prompted by voting issues encountered in the contested Presidential election of 2000.

Question 25

Hillary R. Clinton

Answer 25

Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton is an American politician, diplomat, lawyer, writer, and public speaker

Question 26

incumbency

Answer 26

the holding of an office or the period during which one is held.

Question 27

independent expenditures

Answer 27

in elections in the United States, is a political campaign communication that expressly advocates for the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate that is not made in cooperation, consultation or concert with or at the request or suggestion of a candidate, candidate’s authorized

Question 28

initiative

Answer 28

the ability to assess and initiate things independently.

Question 29

inoculation ad

Answer 29

A preemptive advertising tactic in which one party attempts to foresee and neutralize potentially damaging criticism from another party by being the first to confront troublesome issue

Question 30

mandate

Answer 30

an official order or commission to do something.

Question 31

matching funds

Answer 31

Matching funds are funds that are set to be paid in equal amount to funds available from other sources. Matching fund payments usually arise in situations of charity or public good. The terms cost sharing, in-kind, and matching can be used interchangeably but refer to different types of donations.

Question 32

McCutcheon v. FEC

Answer 32

McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission, 572 U.S. 185, is a landmark campaign finance decision of the United States Supreme Court.

Question 33

mid-term election

Answer 33

The general election will decide who controls the Senate and House. In the Senate midterm elections, Democrats hope to win at least two new seats to regain control of the chamber, but their margin for error is slim. A majority of the seats up for election in 2018 are currently held by Democrats.

Question 34

Negative ad

Answer 34

In political campaigns, an attack ad is an advertisement whose message is designed to wage a personal attack against an opposing candidate or political party in order to gain support for the attacking candidate and attract voters.

Question 35

open primary

Answer 35

a primary election in which voters are not required to declare party affiliation.

Question 36

PAC

Answer 36

In the United States and Canada, a political action committee is a 527 organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaigns for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation.

Question 37

Pollster

Answer 37

a person who conducts or analyzes opinion polls.

Question 38

positive ad

Answer 38

There are two main types of ads used in negative campaigning: attack and contrast. Attack ads focus exclusively on the negative aspects of the opponent. There is no positive content in an attack ad, whether it is about the candidate or the opponent.

Question 39

presidential coattails

Answer 39

The tendency for a popular political party leader to attract votes for other candidates of the same party in an election. For example, the party of a victorious presidential candidate will often win many seats in Congress as well; these congressmen are voted into office “on the coattails” of the president.

Question 40

press secretary

Answer 40

A press secretary or press officer is a senior advisor who provides advice on how to deal with the news media and, using news management techniques, helps his or her employer to maintain a positive public image and avoid negative media coverage.

Question 41

primary election

Answer 41

A primary election is the process by which voters, either the general public (open primary) or members of a political party (closed primary), can indicate their preference for a candidate in an upcoming general election or by-election, thus narrowing the field of candidates.

Question 42

prospective judgement

Answer 42

prospective judgement. a voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected. electorate.

Question 43

public funds

Answer 43

Public fund refers to the funds of every political division of a state wherein taxes are levied for public purposes.

Question 44

reapportionment

Answer 44

the action or result of apportioning something.

Question 45

recall

Answer 45

an act or instance of officially recalling someone or something.

Question 46

referendum

Answer 46

a general vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision.

Question 47

retrospective judgement

Answer 47

a voter’s evaluation of the performance of the party in power. prospective judgement. a voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected.

Question 48

runoff primary

Answer 48

Definition of runoff primary. : a second primary election held in some states to decide which of the two highest candidates for an office in the first primary will be awarded the party nomination.

Question 49

super PAC

Answer 49

In the United States and Canada, a political action committee (PAC) is an organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaigns for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation.

Question 50

turnout

Answer 50

the number of people attending or taking part in an event, especially the number of people voting in an election.

Question 51

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 51

Thomas Jefferson was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Previously, he had been elected the second Vice President of the United States, serving under John Adams from 1797 to 1801.

Question 52

unconventional political participation

Answer 52

Generally speaking, there are three different types of political participation. The first is conventional participation, which includes traditional or expected political participation, such as voting.

Question 53

voter canvass

Answer 53

A modern election canvass is conducted either by a candidate, volunteers, or by paid canvassers. The canvassers are given lists known as canvass sheets (or access to a canvassing app) or in the UK as reading pads. These are a list of households to be contacted, generated from a voter database.