Unit 2 C - The Challenge Of Reasource Managment Flashcards
What are resources?
Features of the environment which are needed and used by people
3 essential resources for humans
Water
Energy
Food
What are the two well-being’s food, water and energy are essential for ?
Social wellbeing
Economic wellbeing
Importance of food for social wellbeing and economic wellbeing
Social wellbeing - energy to socialise and participate in sports. Food provides minerals which allows health to be sustained
Economic wellbeing - people need food to work and be healthy. If people have too little food they won’t be productive at work and loose jobs / income.
Lack of food may cause illness —> people can’t work
Importance of energy ( fuels , electricity ) for social and economic wellbeing
Social wellbeing - use energy to power homes. This keeps us warm and prevents hypothermia
Economic wellbeing - quaternary sector couldn’t function.
Goods couldn’t be manufactured easily.
Fuel for car means you can drive to work. Without this you couldn’t find a job therefore poverty
Importance of water for social wellbeing and economic wellbeing…
Social wellbeing - healthy and active lifestyle. No water leads to dehydration
Economic wellbeing- in uk 75 % of water is used by industry, this employs people and makes money for the uk.
Water is used for farms —> food sold
What’s supply ?
What’s demand ?
Whats deficit ?
What’s surplus?
-Amount of resources available
-the amount of resources needed
-not enough supply to meet demands
-enough supply to meet demands
Food trends in HICS AND LICS … why?
-Hics are in a surplus. Higher income countries have more money to spend on importing food and the development of farming
-LICS are usually in a deficit as they lack money to spend on the development of food production and trade
Water trends in HICS AND LICS.. why?
HICS- more abundance of water due to higher income and the country has more to spend
LICS- LICS such as ghana are located inland and have limited access to ocean water and do r have the technology to make it drinkable, LICS like hot countries in Africa also lack precipitation
Who uses more energy HICS or LICS …why?
HICS- use more energy due to more developed infrastructure and additionally better quality of life ( people heat their homes)
What’s the uk population meant to rise to by 2037?
73 million
What % of food did the uk import in 2022?
46%
What’s import?
Goods being brought into a country
2 Common uk imports
Fish- Norway ,Sweden
Chocolate - Poland
Why doe the uk import lots of food?
-Climate / weather doesn’t allow uk to grow certain things
-demand for greater choice and more exotic foods
-cheaper production in LIC countries due to cheap labour
-not enough room In The uk to grow
Economic and environmental issues of exploiting energy sources?
-extracting fossil fuels is expensiv
-uk has to pay to import from other countries
-burning of fossil fuels releases c02 as a result…
-power stations and wind farms are eyesores
-accidents such as oil spills leak toxic chemicals
Why is food needed?
-they need the right balance of nutrients so they don’t get malnourished
-malnourishment can limit children’s development by causing deficiencies 1/3 of all under 5 s die from diseases such as malnourishment
Why’s clean water needed?
-cooking , drinking and washing
-without good sanitation water sources get polluted by sewage
-water is needed to produce food , clothes and other products
Why’s energy needed?
-industry , transport and use in homes
-electricity allows countries to develop industry ,creating jobs and wealth
-lifestyles in hics require a large stable supply of energy
What’s consumption of resources like in HICS?
-high because rthey can afford to buy the reasources they need and expect a higher standard of living
What’s resource consumption like in NEES?
-increasing in NEES like CHINA.
-industry is developing quickly which requires lots of energy , population and wealth is increasing rapidly
What’s consumption of reasources like in LICS
-lower in places like Uganda, they can’t afford to either - exploit available resources, or import lacking reasources
What’s there a greater demand for food wise?
High value goods- people’s incomes have increased such exotic fruits
Seasonal products- only available during the month is grows, imported to meet demand of seasonal produce all year round (strawberries Mexico)
Organic produce- people concerned for environment, strict rules
What footprint of our food is growing?
-carbon footprint
How is the carbon footprint of our food growing ?
-growing, processing and packaging of food produces c02 (2017 10% of uks greenhouse emissions came from agriculture)
-imported foods have to be transported a long way so have many food miles and therefore large carbon footprint
How has farming become more industrialised?
-farm sizes have increased
-chemicals used in food production increased, artificial fertilisers
-more machinery used , number of workers decreased by 1.1 % of worlds popularion
What’s the water supply like in the north of the uk and why?
Noth and west have high rainfall, so they’re in a surplus
What’s water suppply like in the south of England
South and midlands have high population densities so there’s a high demand for water, and a deficit
How much household water use gone up by since 1975?
70%
Whats water transfers? Issues of it?
-Transferring water from areas of surplus to areas of defecit (wales to brum)
-dams and aqueducts that are needed are expensive to build, eg the brum water project will cost £300 million
Where did the uk used to get its energy from? What’s it shifted to recently
- fossil fuels( coal , oil and gas)91% in 1970
-renewable (19% generated from here in 2014
What’s energy security?
-having a reliable, uninterrupted and affordable supply of energy
Energy surplus -
Country produces more energy than its population requires, energy surplus gives a country energy security
Energy insecurity
Less energy then required ( energy deficit)
Countries that produce lots of energy because of its large oil and gas reserves…
Uk
Russia
Countries with few energy reasources
Ireland and Sudan
Relationship between wealth and energy consumption
-Wealthy , developed countries consume more energy becayse they can afford a higher standard of living
-poorer, less developed countries use less energy as they can’t afford it, different lifestyles
3 main reasons why the global energy demand is increasing.
- rising population
-technological advances
-economic development
How does a reason population lead to a higher global demand for energy?
-global population projected to be 9billioj by 2040
-more people means more energy is needed , eg heating homes
How does economic development mean the global demand for energy is increasing?
-leads to more wealth
-people use this wealth to buy things that use energy (cars,tv)
-industry increases as countries develop
How do technological advances mean the global energy demand is increasing?
-created new devices that use energy (computers, phones)
-more energy is needed to power these
3 factors that effect energy supply …
-technological
-physical
-economic
How do technological factors affect energy supply?
-technological advances means countries can exploit new or existing resources eg using fracking
-some countries don’t have the technology for this
How do physical factors affect energy supply ?
-global distribution of fossil fuels is unequal, some countries have fewer
-fossil fuels are non renewable so can run out
-areas climate or geography effects its ability to generate renewable energy (egwind power)
How do economic factors affect energy supply ?
-countries that rely on imports may not be able to afford prices if they suddenly change
-LICS have potential energy sources but not enough wealth to exploit them
4Impacts of energy insecurity..
-industrial output
-environmental and economic costs
-food production
-conflict
How does energy insecurity affect industry ?
-energy shortages mean factories have to produce less to minimise costs, they could also make people redundant
-these increased costs due to insecurity are passed onto the consumer
How does energy insecurity affect environmental and economic costs ?
-as fossil fuels used up, less accessible, environmentally sensitive areas are exploited
-damadge to environment
How does energy insecurity affect food production?
-limit number of agricultural machines being used to reduce costs
-less food produced
How does energy insecurity affect the potential for conflict ?
-conflict between countries with a surplus and a defecit
Eg- Sudan and South Sudan 2012
7 types or renewable energy sources…
-solar
-hydropower
-tidal
-wind power
-biomass
-geothermal
-wave
How does solar powered energy work ?
Adv
Disadv
Example
-energy from the sun is used to heat water or to generate electricity using cells
Adv- excess energy can be sold , making extra money
Disadv- photovoltaic cells are expensive
Depend on sunglicjt( unreliable)
Eg- morroco- world largest solar farm
How does hydro electric power work?
Adv
Disadv
Eg
-Dam traps water , falling water turns a turbine, generating electricity using photovoltaic
Adv- flexible so can meet demands
Disadv- damadge environments
Expensive
Eg- the gorges dam largest in the world
How does geothermal energy work?
Adv Disadv eg
-water pumped into ground and turned into steam from earth crust, steam turns turbine
Adv- reliable and cheap
Disadv- works best in tectonic areas
Eg- Iceland gets 87% of energy from here
How does tidal electricity work?
Adv
Disadv
Eg
-currents or changes in water level turns turbines
Adv- reliably predicted
Disadv- expensive , not constant
Eg- Swansea one wld generate power for 120,000 homes
How does wave generate energy?
Adv
Disadv
Eg
- changing water levels drives water and air through turbines
Adv- usable in winter
Disadv- expensive
Eg- being tested in Cornwall
How does wind generate electricity ?
-Wind turbines turned by wind, generating electricity
Adv- no green house gas emissions once their built
Disadv- wind is variable
Eg- Denmark ran completely on wind for one day
How does biomass produce energy
Adv
Disadv
Eg
-Wood, plants and animal waste burnt for power
Adv- not a lot of technology needed good for LICS
Disadv- only renewable if managed sustainably
Eg- USA produced 1 million barely in a day in 2015
2 non renewable energy sources…
-fossil fuels
-nuclear
Advantages and disadv to fracking (extracting fossil fuels )
Adv- increases uk energy security
-Shale Gas is less polluting than other fossil fuels
-cheaper
Disadv
Not sustainable , releases c02 —> global warming
Risks polluting ground water
Uses lots of water
What’s fracking?
How does it work
Example of it ?
-A way of extracting shale gas
-liquid pumped into shale rock at high pressure , cracks and releases gas which is collected
-2017 near Blackpool
Why is energy sustainability especially important now?
-demand for energy is increasing due to growing population, but non renewable sources running out
What’s a carbon footprint?
Direct emissions are
Indirect emissions are
Measure of the amount of green house gases an individuals activity produces.
Direct- emissions from things that use energy (heating, travel)
Indirect - produced when making things we buy( food ,clothing )
3 ways energy can be conserved ?
-sustainable design
-demand reduction
-technology to increase efficiency
How can sustainable design help conserve energy?
Insulation- less energy needed to heat homes
Solar panels- fitted to roofs to provide renewable energy with a low carbon footprint
-electric cars
How does demand reduction help conserve energy?
- demand can be reduced by giving people incentives to Lower their energy use( tax relief)
-improving transport and encouraging walking or cycling
-fitting smart meters makes people be more aware
How can using technology to increase efficiency help conserve energy?
-Energy saving light bulbs,
-hybrid cars combin electricity with disel or petrol
-more efficient engines
