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Geography > Ecosystems And Rainforests > Flashcards

Ecosystems And Rainforests Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

An ecosystem is the living organism in an area, together with
The non-living components of the environment

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2
Q

What does it mean is something is biotic?

A

It’s a living thing

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3
Q

What does it mean if something is abiotic?

A

Non-living

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4
Q

Hedgerow advantages are…

A

Good shelter
Food source
Helps develop diversity
Draw lots of c02 from the atmosphere

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5
Q

What is decomposition?

A

Decomposition is the breaking down of dead organic material

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6
Q

Why is decomposition essential?

A

To release nutrients back into the soil to be used again

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7
Q

What’s part of the energy transfer triangle…

A

Producers
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Tertiary consumers

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8
Q

Causes of hedgerows…

A

Farmers Desiree for larger profits, need more space to grow crops
Move from low intensity to high intensity farming
Need for more food due to a growing population

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9
Q

Effects of hedgerow loss..

A

Less of rare hedgerow species in uk
No longer any roots to stabilise soil in fields
Animals exposed to predators as natural coridors are gone
Faster soil erosion

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10
Q

What is global change?

A

Changes that involve the whole world. Eg. Climate change

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11
Q

What is local scale change ?

A

Things which damage a habitat. Eg. Removal of hedgerows

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12
Q

Forest case study in the uk….

A

Epping forest

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13
Q

Where is Epping forest?

A

Southeast England
Essex
North east of greater london

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14
Q

3 things needed for an ecosystem to work

A

Biomass ( life)
Litter ( dead plants, decomposing animals)
Soil ( fertile ground containing nutrients)

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15
Q

The rate of what affects the ecosystems function

A

Rate of the flow and proportion of biomass litter and soil.

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16
Q

Big circle on a diagram means..

A

Lots of nutrients stored there

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17
Q

Wide arrow on diagram means…

A

Nutrients transfer quickly between the stores.

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18
Q

What does the nutrient cycle look like ( picture )

A
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19
Q

What’s different about the rates of flow between the 2 ecosystems?

A

Smaller litter store in the Amazon
Larger soil store in Eppingforest

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20
Q

What causes the difference in rates

A

Different temperatures and environment

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21
Q

Example of a producer….

A

A green leaf

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22
Q

Example of a primary consumer…

A

A slug , a fly

23
Q

Example of a secondary consumer…

A

A blackbird

24
Q

An example of a tertiary consumer…

A

A fox
A sparrow hawk

25
Q

What is a biome?

A

Biomes are global ecosystems

26
Q

What’s the distribution of biomes decided by?

A

It’s dertermimed by the climate

27
Q

What is a climate?

A

Avaradge weather conditions of a place over 30 years or more

28
Q

Where do tropical rainforests occur?

A

Tropical rainforest typically occur
Near the equator
Between the tropical of cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
Between 10degrees N and 10 degrees S

29
Q

What’s the climate of a tropical rainforest like?

A

Hot and wet
Equatorial climate

30
Q

What is leeching? Think soil.

A

Fertile Soil being washed away by precipitation

31
Q

Importance of tropical rainforests…

A

Provides cover for animals
Nutrients for animals
Produces nesrly 20% of earths oxygen
Carbon sink ( trees store carbon dioxide and produce oxygen)

32
Q

What’s is deforestation ?

A

Deforestation is the permanent and usually large scale removal of trees

33
Q

Where’s the Amazon rainforest an how much does it cover?

A

It’s in South America
60% of it is in Brazil
Covers 8million km2

34
Q

What are the 5 main causes of deforestation in Brazil?

A

Logging
Road building
Mineral extraction
Commercial farming
Substinence farming

35
Q

What’s commercial farming?

A

Where the forest is cleared to make way for plantations where crops are grown

36
Q

What’s substinence farming? ( small scale farming)

A

Forest is cleared for farmers who need land to grow for crops for themselves and their families

37
Q

What is logging ?

A

Wood being removed from the forest by cutting down trees for For furtnitre and other things

38
Q

What’s road building

A

Road building is the building of roads to bring equipment and resources in and out of the rainforest. Makes remote areas of the rainforest more accessible to people that take advantage of its resources

39
Q

What’s mineral extraction?

A

Mineral that are found under the rainforest are needed by developed countries.

40
Q

Impacts of deforestation….

A

Economic - farming,logging and mining ( jobs and resources)
Climate change- carbon sink affected increasing the greenhouse effect. Global warming. Up to 75% of brazils c02 emissions come from deforestation.
Soil erosion-Brazil is loosing 100tonnes of top soil per hectare each year. Trees being cut down can’t intercept the rainfall on the top canopy.

41
Q

Can the impacts be positive, negative . Global or local?

A

Impacts can be
Positive
Negative
Global
Local

42
Q

The 5 habitats

A

Deciduos forest
Confireous forest
The tundra
The desert
The savvana

43
Q

What’s a stakeholder?

A

People/ groups who have an interest in something.

44
Q

People take interest in the rainforest for….

A

Resources
Services
Jobs

45
Q

Sustainable management means ….

A

Meeting the needs of a current population without compromising the needs of future generations

46
Q

Sustainability needs to be
_____ sustainable
______ sustainable
______ sustainable

A

Environmentally sustainable
Socially sustainable
Economically sustainable

47
Q

Sustainable managements of the Amazon rainforests

A

International debt reductions
International agreements
Selective logging
Conservation and education
Ecotourism

48
Q

What’s an international debt reduction?

A

A debt is cancelled for a country in exchange for a country conserving its tropical rainforest

49
Q

What’s an international agreement?

A

International agreements insure only sustainably sourced wood is imported

50
Q

What is selective logging ?

A

Only older trees are cut down, this protects the canopy and limits damadge fo the soil. If a trees cut down another one is planted . Forest can reach full maturity again after 30-50 years

51
Q

What’s conservation and education?

A

Ensuring people involved in the exploitmenr of the rainforest understand the concequences behind the actions .

52
Q

What’s Ecotourism ?

A

Tried not do damadge environment and respects local culture . Aims to givejobs to local people .. ecotourist travel in small groups and use local products

53
Q

3Plant adaptations in the rainforest ….

A

Buttress roots-large roots have ridges which create a large surface area to help supper large trees
Epiphytes -plants that live on the branches of trees high up in the canopy. They get their nutrients from air and water not soil
Waxy leaves- to help keep the moisture

54
Q

Animal adaptations in the rainforest…

A

Sloth- camoflauge and moves slowly to make it difficult for predators to spot
Spider monkey- long , strong limbs to help it climb through rainforest trees
Toucan has a long, large bill to allow it to reach and cut fruit from branches that are too weak to support its weight

Geography (8 decks)

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