Cold Environments

Question 1

What’s a cold environments?

Answer 1

A place that experiences temperatures at or below 0 degrees for long periods of time

Question 2

What are the 2 types of cold environments?

Answer 2

Polar
Tundra

Question 3

Where a polar biomes found?

Answer 3

At the poles
North pole = artic
South pole= Antarctic

Question 4

Where are tundra biomes found ?

Answer 4

Just below the ice caps of the artic
Alaska and half of Canada are in tundra biomes
Tops of very high mountains

Question 5

What’s perma frost?

Answer 5

Permenantely or semi-permenantly frozen ground

Question 6

What are the 3 layers of ground in cold biomes?

Answer 6

Active layer- thin layer of soil
Permafrost- a layer of soil that remains frozen all year round
Unfrozen ground - area of frozen ground

Question 7

What’s interdependence?

Answer 7

The idea that several things are reliant on each over

Question 8

Average temp in the tundra…

Answer 8

Between -6 and -12 degrees
Sometimes dropping to -20

Question 9

3 types of plants that have adapted to live in the tundras …

Answer 9

Caribou Moss
Bearberry
Artic poppy

Question 10

How have the plants adapted to live in the tundras

Answer 10

Bearberries have thick bark and are low growing to stabilise themselfves in the wind
Caribou moss can go a long time without water and can continue growing after being dormant for a long time
Artic poppies retain heat through their hairy stems, they also follow the sun to maximise sunlight received

Question 11

4 different animals that live in tundras?

Answer 11

Snowshoe rabbit
Tundra wolf
Caribou
Musk ox

Question 12

How have each of the animals adapted to live in the tundra?

Answer 12

snowshoe rabbit- changes colour depending on the season.
Musk ox -has warm fur as it’s long thick and hollow.
Tundra wolf -shorter legs, smaller ears and smaller muzzle to help reduce the amount of heat lost. Large feet help them walk across unsettled snow
Caribou- they can sniff lichen from deep under snow. Have hollow fur so the air inside insulated them.

Question 13

Tundra case study…

Answer 13

Alaska

Question 14

Where Alaska and what oceans surround it?

Answer 14

North western state of the usa
By Russia and Canada
North of Alaska- artic ocean
South of Alaska- Pacific Ocean

Question 15

What’s it like in the north and south of Alaska differently

Answer 15

North : tundra
South: more mild

Question 16

Where does Half the population of Alaska live?
Whole population (750,000)

Answer 16

Half the population lives in Anchorage

Question 17

What are 4 opportunities in Alaska?

Answer 17

Mineral extraction
Fishing
Tourism
Energy

Question 18

What are the two types of fishing?

Answer 18

Commercial
Subsistence

Question 19

How many jobs does commercial fishing provide In Alaska ?
How much is commercial fishing worth to alaskas economy ?

Answer 19

80,000 jobs
8 billion USD

Question 20

Who relies on subsistence fishing and what for?

Answer 20

Native American communities rely on fish for :
Food
Oil
Bones

Question 21

What minerals does Alaska have?
What % of alaskas wealth is in gold?

Answer 21

Coal, gold, copper, zinc
20% of Alaskas wealth lies in gold

Question 22

What minerals does Alaska have?
What % of alaskas wealth is in gold?

Answer 22

Coal, gold, copper, zinc
20% of Alaskas wealth lies in gold

Question 23

How many tourists does Alaska attract per year?
What do tourists do in Alaska ?

Answer 23

Alaska attracts 2 million tourists annually
Tourists visit mountains, glaciers and go on cruises

Question 24

Benefit of energy for Alaska?

Answer 24

Over half of Alaska’s energy comes from the oil and gas industry

Question 25

Factors making development challenging for Alaska…

Answer 25

Extreme temperature-prudhoe bays mean anual temp (9 dg)
Inaccessibility - sometimes only air travel or dangerous roads is available for people
Buildings and infrastructure -most construction can only
Take place in Summer. Permafrost causes issues

Question 26

How do we conserve Cold environments ?

Answer 26

The role of governments
Ecotourism
Conservation groups
Technology

Question 27

How does the role of governments conserve cold environments ?

Answer 27

Government can pass laws to protect wilderness areas from development

Question 28

How can using technology conserve cold environments ?

Answer 28

When buildings are heated they can melt permafrost.
modern construction and technology can reduce these impacts

Question 29

How can international agreements conserve cold environments?
Example of a place protected by this
Example of an international agreement in Antarctica

Answer 29

-Formal understandings of commitments and the environment between countries

• Antarctica

-In 1959 the Antarctic Treaty was signed by countries who all claimed to own part of Antarctica.

Question 30

How do conservation groups protect the environment?

Answer 30

Groups like WWF pressure governments to protect Cold environments

Question 31

Example of conservation groups protecting the environment …

Answer 31

In2014 greenpeace went to the artic to protest about russias artic oil exploitation

Question 32

Example of the role of government protecting the environment …

Answer 32

Since oil was found in Alaska in the 1960 s, the us government has been protecting the environment

Question 33

Example of the international agreements protecting the environment ..

Answer 33

In 1959 the Antarctic treaty was signed by countries with territorial claims to Antarctica

Question 34

What’s prudho bays average annual temperature ( this makes development challenging)

Answer 34

-9 degrees