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Geography > Coast > Flashcards

Coast Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s a coastline?

A

A place where the land meets the sea.

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2
Q

What is weathering?

A

A breakdown of rock in ‘situ’ (where they are)

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3
Q

3 types of weathering…

A

Mechanical
Biological
Chemical

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4
Q

What’s mechanical weathering?

A

Weathering causing physical changes to the rock shape.

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5
Q

What’s biological weathering?

A

Plants and animals weakening the rocks structure.

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6
Q

What’s chemical weathering?

A

Weathering that causes a chemical change to the rocks structure.

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7
Q

Mechanical weathering includes..

A

Freeze thaw
Wetting and drying

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8
Q

Biological weathering includes…

A

Roots from plants burrowing their way into the rock
Animals

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9
Q

Chemical weathering includes…

A

Carbonation( acid rain)
Oxidation

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10
Q

What is mass movement ?

A

Downhill movement of material under the influence of gravity

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11
Q

4 types of mass movement..

A

Rock fall
Landslide
Mud slide
Slumping

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12
Q

Rock fall is…

A

Quickest form of mass movement
Rock breaking away from cliff face, usually due to freeze thaw.
Rocks at bottom are called a scree slope

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13
Q

A landslide is…

A

Rock sliding down cliff
Rocks/ matarial maintain contact with the cliff as they fall

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14
Q

What is a mudslide…

A

Saturated soil flowing down a slope
Happens rapid, after a period of heavy rain

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15
Q

What is slumping?

A

Saturated soil slumping down a curved surface
Material rotated backwards towards the cliff face

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16
Q

What is the swash of a wave?

A

Wave travelling up beadh

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17
Q

What’s the backwash of a wave

A

Wave travelling down the beach

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18
Q

Is Swash constructive/destructive?

A

Constructive

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19
Q

Is backwash constructive/destructive

A

Destructive

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20
Q

Types of erosion at the coastline…

A

Hydraulic action
Solution
Abrasion
Attrition
( same as in rivers)

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21
Q

Rate of erosion is affected by….

A

Destructive / constructive waves
Swash/ backwash
Type of rock
Force of waves

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22
Q

3 types of rocks….

A

Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Igneous

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23
Q

A headland is…

A

An area of resistant rock that protrudes from the coastline eg. Granite

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24
Q

A bay is…

A

An area of less resistant rock between two headlands which is quickly eroded

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25
Q

What is a discordant coast?

A

Alternating bands of hard and soft rock ….
Hard rock
Soft rock
Hard rock
Soft rock

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26
Q

What is a wave cut notch?

A

Eroded area (indent) at the bottom of the cliff due to destructive waves
Eventually gets deeper and forms an undercut, before it collapses to form a wave cut platform.

27
Q

What is a wave cut platform?

A

A wide, gently sloping surface found at the foot of a cliff.

28
Q

What is CASS in coats

A

1CAVES
2ARCHES
3STACKS
4STUMPS

29
Q

Types of transportation in coasts( same as rivers)

A

Suspension
Solution
Traction
Saltation

30
Q

What is transportation

A

The movement of sediment via water

31
Q

Main direction of wind travel is called..

A

Prevailing winds

32
Q

The uks main prevailing winds come from the …

A

South-west

33
Q

What is longshore drift?

A

Transport of sediment along a beach due to waves approaching the beach at an angle
/I/I/I/I/I

34
Q

How will the swash travek up the beach ?

A

In the direction of prevailing winds.

35
Q

How will the backwash travel down the beach?

A

The back wash will always return at 90 degrees to the beach due to gravity

36
Q

What is a beach?

A

A beach is the temporary deposition of sand and shingle along the coastline

37
Q

The 2 types of beaches…

A

Sandy beach
Pebbles beach

38
Q

Sandy beach characteristics

A

Flat
Constructive waves
Small sediment
Wide

39
Q

Pebbles beach characteristics

A

Steep
Destructive waves
Larger sediment
Thinner

40
Q

What is deposition ?

A

When a wave looses energy and drops material it’s carrying

41
Q

Deposition occurs when…

A

Low winds
Sheltered areas
Shallow water
Low energy

42
Q

3 landforms of deposition

A

Beaches
Spits
Bars

43
Q

What is a spit?

A

A long part of sand or shingle that extends from the coastline, formed due to deposition

44
Q

A case study example of a spit?

A

Dawlish warren spit

45
Q

What is a bar?

A

A bar is a barrier of sand stretching across a sheltered bay.

46
Q

What is a tombolo?

A

A deposition landform where an island becomes attached to the mainland by a narrow piece such as a spit or a bar

47
Q

Environment for sand dunes to form( acronym)

A

Sand
Winds
Objects
Plants

48
Q

What is an aolian process?

A

Prevailing winds transporting sediment

49
Q

The three types of aeolian processes…

A

Suspension
Saltation
Creep

50
Q

Structure of a sand dune as you move inland..

A

More vegetation coverage
More soil nutrients
More established

51
Q

What is hard engineering?

A

Using artificial structures to control natural processes

52
Q

What is soft engineering

A

Sustainable approach of managing the coast without artificial structures

53
Q

Three examples of hard engineering at the coast

A

Sea wall- wall placed against the sea, curved surface reflects waves back out to sea
Gabions-wire cages filled with rocks stabilising the cliff and providing a barrier
Rock armour - rocks placed on the beach to break the energy of the waves

54
Q

Two examples of soft engineering at the coast..

A

Dune protection - fences that go around dunes, helps encourage dune formation
Beach replenishment- adds new sediment to beach to make it higher and wider

55
Q

Advantage and disadvantage of a Sea Wall (Hard engineering)

A

Advantage- often has a walkway for people to walk along or fish off
Disadvantage - very expensive and High maintenance

56
Q

Advantage and disadvantage of Gabions (Hard Engineeing)

A

Advantage - cheaper then other methods
Disadvantage- the wire rusts after 5-10 years

57
Q

Advantage disadvantage of rock armour ( hard engineering)

A

Advantage -often fished off
Disadvantage- can look very unattractive

58
Q

Advantage and disadvantage of dune protection ( soft engineering )

A

Advantage- minimal impact on ecosystems
Disadvantage- easily destroyed (high maintenance )

59
Q

Advantage and disadvantage of beach replenishment ( soft engineering)

A

Advantage - relatively cheap
Disadvantage- constant maintenance

60
Q

Where is Dorset?

A

South west of England

61
Q

What is a concordant coast

A

Bands of different rock type running parallel to the coastline

62
Q

What’s a discordant coast ?

A

Layers of rock running at right angles to the coastline.

63
Q

THE LANDFORMS OF DORSET COAST.. (acronym)

A

C hesil beach ( a bar)
O ld harry (cass)
L ulworth cove (bay)
D urdle door (headland reproved to arch)
S wanage bay ( beach)

Geography (8 decks)

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