Unit 2 A -Urban Issues And Challenges Flashcards
What’s an urban area?
A built up area where people live
Eg: a town or a city
What’s urbanisation ?
A rise in the proportion of people living in an urban area
What proportion of the world lives in urban areas ?
55%
Push factors of urban-rural migration…
- few job opportunities in rural areas.
-Natural disasters
-mechanised agricultural equipment needs fewer workers so there are less jobs
-
Pull factors of rural-urban migration…
-More jobs in urban areas, often better paid
-there’s better acess to healthcare and educational opportunities
-other family members may have moved to an urban area
-better quality of life. Electricity and water.
What are high rates of urbanisation leading to?
Example
Growth of mega cities
Mumbai, India (10 million residents)
Causes of urbanisation ?
Push factors away from country side
Pull factors to cities
Natural increase
What’s natural increase?
Birth rate exceeding death rate
Where are most megacities located?
Asia
LICs and NEEs
What’s the biggest city in Africa?
What country is it in?
What’s its population?
-Lagos
-Lagos is in Nigeria
-estimated population of 14 million
Importance of lagos…
Regionally
Nationally
Internationally
-regionally, it’s an important centre for regional trade
-nationally,its home to 80% of nigerias industry as well as many global companies
Internationally- main financial centre for the whole of west Africa
Factors that have lead to Lagos growing rapidly …
-British colonised it and make it the centre of trade
-many ex slaves returned back to Lagos when slavery was abolished
-government finances construction projects
-
How many migrants are estimated to enter Lagos very day?
1200
Social opportunities in Lagos…
What % of children in Lagos go to school?
What % of the countries electricity supply does Lagos use?
-more hospitals, healthcare centres and medicines in Lagos.
-schools. In rural areas only 60% of children go to school however in Lagos (urbanised ) 90% of children attend schools.
-electricity. Lagos uses about 40% of the countries electricity suppply
Examples Economic opportunities in Lagos…
-Construction jobs building the new commercial centre Eko Atlantic
-Lagos port, very accessible and is thriving. Attracts investments that fuel the economy
-film and music industry - nollywood films are very popular.
What 5 problems has Lagos rapid growth lead to? Reasons for the problems? 1 fact about each?
-Slums and squatter settlements eg:makoko
Increasing house prices are becoming too costly for many people.
66%of people live informal settlements
-access to clean water sanitation and energy
Only 40% of people have acess to clean water.
Up to 15 households can share a toilet!
-access to healthcare and education
Not everyone car afford this.
There is only one primary school in the makako slum
-unemployment and crime
There aren’t enough formal jobs for the population.
60% of people work informal jobs
-environmental issues
Waste disposal from factories is not controlled
(9000tones of waste produced per day)
Urban planning scheme to improve quality of life in Lagos…
Why was it built?
Social, economic, environmental Benefits of it
-2013 a floating school prototype was built for some of the poorest children to get an education
Social benefits- up to100 students educated for free
Economic benefits - education improved local children’s job prospects. Jobs for teachers
Environmental benefits- school was built by locally sourced materials . Ran on solar power
What is the fertility rate per woman in Lagos?
5.65 on average
What % of people in Lagos have access to a reliable piped water supply ?
10%
How do the other 90% of people in Lagos get water?
Buying from street vendors
Do rural areas have limited access to lighting and power?
Rural areas have limited access to lighting and power
What% of Lagos has access to mains electricity
What % of Nigeria has access to mains electricity
99.3% however in Nigeria as a whole it’s only 54%!
What % of Nigeria’s gdp is found in Lagos
21%
What is the informal economy ?
Unregulated work. No tax paid or protection.