UNIT 2 - B 2.3 - Cell Specialization Flashcards
What allows multicellular organisms to grow and allows the replacement of dead/damaged cells?
cells having the ability to reproduce themselves
What do multicellular organisms usually start their existence as?
a single cell called a zygote
What is a zygote formed as a result of?
ferilization
What are gametes?
The two cells that fuse in sexual reproduction
How much genetic material does gamete have compared to a zygote?
one half
What is the development progression for humans?
gametes, zygote, embryo, foetus, infant
What does the process of zygotes rapidly starting to differentiate result in?
the formation of specialized cells
What is the differentiation process a result of?
the expression of some genes but not others
What does the cell’s development in a specific matter depend on?
which genes become active
What does the genes activation depend on?
the signal that the cell recieves
What is cell signaling?
The process where information is transferred from the cell surface to the nucleus of a cell
What is cell signalling essential to?
controlling gene expression/differentation
What are morphogens?
signal molecules that control cell differentiation
Where do morthogens occur?
in gradients in different regions of the early embryo
