Unit 2 - A & P Module - The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

The autonomic nervous system innervates __________.

Answer 1

cardiac muscle, blood vessels, and adipose tissue

Question 2

CNS areas that are involved in the control of autonomic functions include the __________.

Answer 2

spinal cord, hypothalamus, and pons

Question 3

The autonomic nervous system is involved in which of the following actions?

Answer 3

Fight or flight, pupil dilation or constriction, urination, and swallowing

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system are true?

Answer 4

Both answers are true.
1. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems tend to have opposing effects and function together to maintain homeostasis.
2. Most of the functions of the autonomic nervous system are accomplished through visceral reflexes.

Question 5

Activation of __________ adrenergic receptors raises the concentration of cAMP in effector cells.

Answer 5

β1 and β2

Question 6

The major neurotransmitters/neurohormones of the autonomic nervous system are __________.

Answer 6

acetylcholine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

Question 7

In the autonomic nervous system, acetylcholine is released by __________.

Answer 7

all preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons and all postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Question 8

Similarities between autonomic neuroeffector synapses and the neuromuscular junction include __________.

Answer 8

the presence of enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase or monoamine oxidase and the requirement for calcium to produce transmitter release

Question 9

The binding of acetylcholine to muscarinic receptors causes __________.

Answer 9

G protein activation

Question 10

Which of the following organs are controlled by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 10

All answers are correct.
1. Heart
2. Urinary bladder
3. Pancreas
4. Lungs

Question 11

The sympathetic nervous system can exert effects on specific target organs via the __________.

Answer 11

collateral ganglia

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the activation of adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic nervous system are true?

Answer 12

All answers are false.

1. The effects on the target organ are always excitatory.
2. The receptors are always more sensitive to norepinephrine than epinephrine.
3. The cellular responses to adrenergic receptor activation always involve cAMP.

Question 13

Muscarinic receptors are located on __________.

Answer 13

parasympathetic target organs