Unit 1 - A & P Assignment - Intro to Physiology Flashcards
A ________ results from changes in organ activity. It can cause a change in the original stimulus.
response
A ________ recognizes changes in physiological variables.
sensor
The ________ synthesizes information from many sensory pathways and sends out the proper response.
integrating centre
An ________ ________ will deliver a chemical that will affect the target organ/effector. It can be carried out by a neuron, or a classic hormone released into the blood.
output signal
An _______ ________ delivers information about environmental stimuli from the periphery to the control center and changes physiological variables in order to restore and maintain homeostasis.
input signal
An ________ changes physiological variables in order to restore and maintain homeostasis.
effector
To deliver information about the physiological variable to the integrating centre
Rank from earliest (left) to latest (right)
A simple endocrine pathway will include which of the following?
Classic hormone, circulatory system, target tissue, sensor, endocrine organ
To function as a sensor and integrating centre
In order to prevent damage due to overstretching, skeletal muscles contain specialized sensors. As a muscle stretches, information from these sensors is sent via afferent neurons to the spinal cord where the information is integrated. After integration is complete, an output signal is sent via efferent neurons to the muscle, preventing it from being stretched further. This is an example of what type of reflex pathway?
Simple neural pathway
Neuroendocrine reflex pathways contain aspects from both the simple neural pathways and the simple endocrine pathways. This complex pathway will have more than one integrating center along the path to the target organ which can result in the release of neurotransmitters, neurohormones, and classic hormones before stimulation of the target tissue.
Place the events associated with a complex neuroendocrine pathway in the correct sequential order.
Use the phrases below regarding gastrointestinal coordination of protein digestion to put together a complex neuroendocrine reflex pathway in the correct sequential order
- Meals containing protein enter the stomach
- Afferent neurons send information to nervous system in the gut lining
- Efferent neurons stimulate G cells
- G cells release gastrin into circulation
- Gastrin stimulates parietal cells
- Parietal cells release hydrochloric acid
Using the scenario pathway in Part I, what is the role of the gastrin-producing G cell in this neuroendocrine pathway?
Second integrating centre
In the sequence of events mapped out in Part I, what is the response?
The release of hydrochloric acid by the parietal cell
Identify features of cell signaling and receptors.
