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Small Animal Surgery > Unit 2: 6 - Urogenital 1 > Flashcards

Unit 2: 6 - Urogenital 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the suspensory ligament?

A

Attachment coursing to the last 2 ribs from the ovary 9dorsolateral body wall), tough

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2
Q

What is the proper ligament?

A

Attachment between the ovary and the uterine horn

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3
Q

What is the round ligament?

A

Runs from the ovary to the inguinal canal, tough

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4
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

Thin peritoneal fold

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5
Q

Retraction of the _____ and the _____ will expose the ovaries and pedicles on the ____ and _____ side, respectively.

A

mesocolon, mesoduodenum, left, right

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6
Q

The broad ligament can have a significant amount of ____ in dogs.

A

fat

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7
Q

The broad ligament usually has very little fat in _____.

A

cats

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8
Q

What artery is held by the broad ligament?

A

uterine artery

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9
Q

What is a ovariectomy?

A

Removal of the ovaries only

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10
Q

What is a ovariohysterectomy?

A

Removal of ovaries, uterine horns, part of uternine body

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11
Q

What is the main goal of an OHE?

A

Population control

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12
Q

What is the approach to an OHE in dogs?

A

Just caudal to the umbilicus, in the cranial third of the abdomen

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13
Q

What is the approach to an OHE in cats?

A

Middle third of the caudal abdomen

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14
Q

What can happen if any ovarian tissue is left behind?

A

Ovarian remnant syndrome;

Animal starts going into heat again - tissue is much harder to find than just taking out the first time

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15
Q

What is the preferred ligation for the ovarian pedicle?

A

Miller’s knot + transfixation knot

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16
Q

T/F: Ovariectomy results in higher risk for pyometra and neoplasia

A

False

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17
Q

What is the most common pathogen encountered in a pyometra?

A

E. coli

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18
Q

What is a closed vs. open pyometra?

A

Closed = closed cervix, no drainage

Open = open cervix, drainage

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19
Q

What is the treatment of choice for a pyomoetra?

A

OHE

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20
Q

What is the approach to a C-section?

A

Ventral midline incision in the uterine body

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21
Q

How is a C-section closed?

A

Appositional pattern (simple cont) followed by inverting pattern (Cushing or Lembert)

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22
Q

How can you tell the difference between a vaginal prolapse and a mass?

A

With a prolapse you should feel the central lumen on digital palpation

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23
Q

What is the guaranteed treatment for a vaginal prolapse?

A

OHE

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24
Q

Are vaginal masses most often benign or malignant?

A

Benign

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25
Q

What procedure is indicated for large vaginal masses?

A

Episiostomy

26
Q

What is an episioplasty used for?

A

Vulvar fold dermatitis

27
Q

How often are mammary masses malignant in dogs?

A

50%

28
Q

What is the incidence of mammary masses if OHE is prior to 1st estrus?

A

0.5%

29
Q

What is the incidence of mammary masses if OHE is between 1st and 2nd estrus?

A

8%

30
Q

What is the incidence of mammary masses if OHE is between 2nd estrus and 2.5 years?

A

26%

31
Q

What is the incidence of mammary masses if OHE is after 2.5 years?

A

There is no protective effect

32
Q

How often are mammary masses malignant in cats?

A

90%

33
Q

What is a lumpectomy of a mammary mass?

A

Removal of part of a mammary gland

34
Q

What is a simple mastectomy?

A

Excision of entire gland

35
Q

What is a regional mastectomy?

A

Excision of 2+ adjacent glands (+/- regional LN)

36
Q

What is a unilateral radical mastectomy?

A

Removal of multiple masses in glands

37
Q

The spermatic cord starts at the _____.

A

inguinal ring

38
Q

What are the components of the spermatic cord?

A

Testicular artery, pampiniform pelxus, ductus deferens, cremaster muscle

39
Q

The cremaster muscle is an extension of what muscle?

A

External abdominal oblique

40
Q

What is a closed orchiectomy?

A

Parietal vaginal tunic is not incised

41
Q

What is an open orchiectomy?

A

Parietal vaginal tunic is incised (individual ligations)

42
Q

At what age should both testicles be descended?

A

2 months old

43
Q

What type of cryptochidism is more common?

A

Unilateral

44
Q

Which testicle is more commonly retained?

A

right

45
Q

Where would a cryptorchid testicle be?

A

Anywhere between the original location (caudal to kidney) and scrotum;

Can be inguinal or abdominal

46
Q

What structure can feel similar to the retained testicle that we should be not mistake it for?

A

Inguinal fat pad

47
Q

What is the procedure for a cryptorchid castration?

A
  1. Caudal abdominal incision
  2. ID testicle by attachments
  3. Double ligate ductus deferens and testicular vasculature
  4. Transect ligament of the tail of the epididymis (gubernaculum)
48
Q

What is the most common prostatic disease?

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

49
Q

What are exam and clinical findings for BPH?

A

Non-painful, bilaterally symmetrical enlargement, may have tenesmus

50
Q

What is the treatment for BPH?

A

castration

51
Q

What is prostatic abscessation?

A

Painful, non-symmetrical enlargement, can be life threatening

52
Q

What is treatment for prostatic abscessation?

A

Debridement and omentalization;

Subtotal prostatectomy if recurring dz;

Always perform biopsy and culture

53
Q

What are prostatic cysts often associated with?

A

BPH

54
Q

Prostatic cysts can be continuous with the _____.

A

urethral lumen

55
Q

What is the treatment for prostatic cysts?

A

Castration, surgical drainage of cysts

56
Q

What should you always do diagnostically with prostatic cysts?

A

Bacterial culture, biopsy, and submit biopsy

57
Q

What are the 2 most common types of prostatic neoplasia?

A

Carcinoma and TCC

58
Q

What is the long term prognosis for prostatic neoplasia?

A

poor

59
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

Penis protrudes from preputial sheath and cannot be replaced.

60
Q

What is phimosis?

A

Inability to protrude penis beyond the preputial orifice.

Small Animal Surgery (17 decks)

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