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Small Animal Surgery > Unit 2: 3 - Hip Dysplasia > Flashcards

Unit 2: 3 - Hip Dysplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Hip dysplasia is a _____ disease in dogs.

A

developmental

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2
Q

Hip dysplasia is characterized by hip _____ and OA is _____.

A

laxity, secondary

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3
Q

What % of bulldogs are dysplastic?

A

>70%

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4
Q

What muscles are secondary stabilizers of the hip joint?

A

Iliopsoas, pectineus, adductor

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5
Q

What causes the pain in CHD in young, rapidly growing large breeds?

A

laxity

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6
Q

What causes the pain in CHD in middle-age to older large breeds?

A

secondary OA

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7
Q

What are 6 CS associated with CHD?

A
  1. Decreased activity
  2. Difficulty rising
  3. Reluctance to run or climb stairs
  4. Bunny-hopping gait
  5. Narrowed stance
  6. Hyperextended hocks
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8
Q

Hip pain will result from the hip/leg being in what conformation?

A

Extended/abducted

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9
Q

What method is used to assess hip laxity?

A

Ortolani sign

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10
Q

What is an ortolani sign?

A

Maneuver to elicit hip subluxation and reduction (i.e. laxity); requires sedation to properly test

Positive = never normal = CHD

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11
Q

How is Ortolani assessed?

A

ADDuct stifle & use stifle as handle –> push femur towards spine –> apply light pressure on greater trochanter –> “POP” = positive Ortolani

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12
Q

What is an advantage to assessing Ortolani in dorsal recumbency?

A

Can assess quality of reduction and symmetry

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13
Q

T/F: Positioning is not important for radiographic assessment of CHD

A

False; it is CRITICAL

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14
Q

What 3 things are needed for radiographic assessment of CHD?

A
  1. Straight pelvis
  2. Femurs extended fully
  3. Femurs straight, not rotated (patella in center groove, fabellae bisected)
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15
Q

What are 3 radiographic signs that the patient has CHD?

A
  1. < 50% femoral head coverage
  2. Congruency of craniolateral joint
  3. Dorsal acetabular rim wear
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16
Q

What are 3 radiographic signs that a parient has secondary OA due to CHD?

A
  1. Morgan’s line (femoral neck thickening with periarticular new bone formation)
  2. Acetabular infilling
  3. Subchondral sclerosis
17
Q

What are the PennHIP radiograph guidelines?

A

3 views:

  1. Distracted = laxity
  2. Compression = “goodness of fit”
  3. Hip extended = evaluate for OA
18
Q

When can PennHIP rads be taken?

A

As early as 16 weeks of age

19
Q

What are 4 ways to medically manage CHD?

A
  1. Weight management
  2. Exercise moderation
  3. Chondroprotectives
  4. Pain control (NSAIDs)
20
Q

What are 4 ways to surgically manage CHD?

A
  1. Juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS)
  2. Triple pelvic osteotomy
  3. Femoral head and neck excision
  4. Total hip replacement
21
Q

What management route should be taken in a patient that is not showing CS for CHD?

A

Weight control, chondroprotectives, monitor

22
Q

What management route should be taken in a patient that is showing CS for CHD?

A

NSAIDs, exercise moderation, weight control, chondroprotectives

23
Q

What management route should be taken if a patient that was already showing clinical signs does not improve with medical management?

A

Surgery

24
Q

What characteristics does a good canditate for TPO have?

A
  1. 5-10 months old
  2. Minimal or no radiographic evidence of OA
  3. Good femoral head capture (Ortolani)
25
Q

An FHO is a _____ procedure.

A

salvage

26
Q

What size animal can have an FHO?

A

Any size dog or cat, but there is a more predictable otucome for dogs < 40#

27
Q

What will the gait look like after an FHO?

A

It will always be abnormal

28
Q

What characteristics does a good THR candidate have?

A

Sole problem is HD/OA:

  1. NO neuro disease
  2. NO neoplasia
  3. NO CLL rupture
  4. NO infections
29
Q

What is the most likely complication from a THR?

A

Infection

(In general complications from a THR are uncommon but serious)

Small Animal Surgery (17 decks)

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