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Small Animal Surgery > Unit 2: 2 - Osteoarthritis > Flashcards

Unit 2: 2 - Osteoarthritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is a diarthrodial joint?

A

Joint where 2 bones come together

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2
Q

What does poor joint lubrication result in?

A

Increased friction

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3
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

A dialysate of blood

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4
Q

What are 2 functions of synovial fluid?

A
  1. Lubrication
  2. Nutrition to the articular cartilage
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5
Q

What is the chief glycosaminoglycan (GAG)?

A

Hyaluronic acid (HA)

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6
Q

What are 3 features of HA?

A
  1. High molecular weight
  2. Prevents dilution
  3. Provides viscosity
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7
Q

What can occur if HA is low in quality and quantity?

A

Osteoarthritis

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8
Q

How much of articular cartilage is made up of water?

A

70-80%

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9
Q

What is the green arrow pointing to?

A

Hyaluronic acid backbone of articular cartilage

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10
Q

What is contained in the blue oval?

A

Proteoglycan complex

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11
Q

OA is aberrant _____ and _____ of articular cartilage.

A

repair, degradation

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12
Q

OA consists of bone formation called _____ at the _____ margins.

A

osteophytosis, synovial

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13
Q

OA results in ___articular fibrosis.

A

peri

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14
Q

The vast majority of OA in dogs is _____ OA.

A

secondary

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15
Q

T/F: There is NO cure for OA

A

True

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16
Q

What happens once OA starts?

A

it will progress

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17
Q

Do radiographic signs for OA correlate with clinical function?

A

No

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18
Q

What should you treat with secondary OA?

A

The primary cause

19
Q

What should be decreased when there is secodary OA?

A

The inflammatory response

20
Q

What should we do regarding cartilage in secondary OA?

A

Maintain cartilage health

21
Q

What are 4 ways to medically manage OA?

A
  1. Weight management
  2. Exercise moderation
  3. Chondroprotectives
  4. Pain management
22
Q

What are 2 things that we can do to moderate exercise in a pet with OA?

A
  1. Controlled exercise
  2. Low-impact (leash-walking, swimming)
23
Q

What are 6 chondroprotectives we can use in OA?

A
  1. Glucosamine
  2. Chondroitin sulfate
  3. Manganese ascorbate
  4. Avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU)
  5. MSM
  6. Omega 3 fatty acids
24
Q

How long should chondroprotectives be given?

A

Give for 6 weeks and continue if working

25
Q

Glucosamine is a precursor to _____.

A

GAGs (HA)

26
Q

What role does glucosamine have?

A
  1. Formation and repair of cartilage
  2. Free O2 radical scavenger
  3. Anti-inflammatory (weak)
  4. Stimulates HA synthesis
27
Q

What are the 3 functions of chondroitin sulfate?

A
  1. Inhibits MMPs
  2. Stimulates GAGs and collagen synthesis
  3. Responsible to resiliency of cartilage
28
Q

What is adequan made from?

A

bovine tracheal cartilage

29
Q

How is adequan used and what does it do?

A

IM injection 2x/week for up to 4 weeks;

Slows cartilage degradation

30
Q

What is hyaluronan used for?

A

Intraarticular injection that is used more for large animals

31
Q

What is the most common side effect of NSAIDs?

A

GI upset

32
Q

You should NEVER use NSAIDs with _____.

A

steroids

33
Q

Before using NSAIDs, you should check for _____ or _____ disease.

A

liver, kidney

34
Q

How many NSAIDs can be used at one time?

A

1

35
Q

How many days should the wash-out be between NSAIDs?

A

4-7 days

36
Q

How many days should the wash-out be for aspirin and why?

A

7-10 days;

It binds platelets and 7-10 days is the lifespan of a platelet

37
Q

What dose should be used with an NSAID?

A

Lowes effective dose

38
Q

What is the goal for NSAID use?

A

To wean patient off NSAIDs with use of other medical management modalities (need to periodically check bloodwork on chronic NSAID users)

39
Q

What does micropicking cartilage allow for?

A

Blood flow from subchondral bed and encourages fibrocartilage formation

40
Q

What are the 2 types of inflammatory OA?

A

Erosive (rheumatoid) vs. non-erosive

41
Q

What type of OA is involved typically with multiple joints?

A

Nonerosive Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis (IMPA)

42
Q

What type of arthritis has the least total cell count? The most?

A

Least = OA (2-5)

Most = infective arthritis (40-267)

43
Q

What type of arthritis has the highest % of mononuclear cells? The least?

A

Highest = OA (88-100%)

Lowest = Infective (1-10%)

44
Q

What type of arthritis has the lowest % of NPs? Highest?

A

Lowest = OA (0-12%)

Highest = Infective (90-100%)

Small Animal Surgery (17 decks)

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