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Small Animal Surgery > 2 - Canine & Feline Dentistry > Flashcards

2 - Canine & Feline Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

How many deciduous teeth do dogs have and what is the formula?

A

28;

3-1-3-0/3-1-3-0

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2
Q

How many permanent teeth do dogs have and what is the formula?

A

42;

3-1-4-2/3-1-4-3

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3
Q

When do deciduous and permanent incisors erupt in the dog?

A

Deciduous = 3-4 weeks

Permanent = 3-5 months

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4
Q

When do deciduous and permanent canines erupt in the dog?

A

Deciduous = 3 weeks

Permanent = 4-6 months

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5
Q

When do deciduous and permanent premolars erupt in the dog?

A

Deciduous = 2-12 weeks

Permanent = 4-6 months

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6
Q

When do permanent molars erupt in the dog?

A

5-7 months

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7
Q

Up to how long can all permanent teeth take to erupt in the dog?

A

up to a year

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8
Q

How many roots do the incisors of the dog have?

A

1

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9
Q

How many roots do the canines of the dog have?

A

1

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10
Q

How many roots do the maxillary 1st PMs of the dog have?

A

1

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11
Q

How many roots do the maxillary 2nd PMs of the dog have?

A

2

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12
Q

How many roots do the maxillary 3rd PMs of the dog have?

A

2

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13
Q

How many roots do the maxillary 4th PMs of the dog have?

A

3

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14
Q

How many roots do the mandibular 1st PMs of the dog have?

A

1

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15
Q

How many roots do the mandibular 2nd, 3rd, and 4th PMs of the dog​ have?

A

2

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16
Q

How many roots do the mandibular 1st and 2nd molars of the dog​ have?

A

2

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17
Q

How many roots do the mandibular 3rd molars of the dog​ have?

A

1

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18
Q

How many roots do the maxillary 1st, 2nd, and 3rd molars of the dog have?

A

3

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19
Q

How many deciduous teeth do cats have and what is the formula?

A

26;

3-1-3-0/3-1-2-0

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20
Q

How many permanent teeth do cats have and what is the formula?

A

30;

3-1-3-1/3-1-2-1

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21
Q

What teeth do cats never have?

A

No 1st PMs on maxilla or mandible;

No 2nd PMs on the mandible

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22
Q

When do deciduous and permanent incisors erupt in the cat?

A

Deciduous = 2-3 weeks

Permanent = 3-4 months

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23
Q

When do deciduous and permanent canines erupt in the cat?

A

Deciduous = 3-4 weeks

Permanent = 4-5 months

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24
Q

When do deciduous and permanent premolars erupt in the cat?

A

Deciduous = 3-6 weeks

Permanent = 4-6 months

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25
Q

When do permanent molars erupt in the cat?

A

4-6 months

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26
Q

By what age should all molars of the cat be erupted?

A

6 months

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27
Q

How can you age cats based on their weight and dentition?

A

~1 month per pound and follow with teeth eruption times

EX: 3# kitten that has permanent incisors erupting is ~3 months old

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28
Q

How many roots do the incisors of a cat have?

A

1

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29
Q

How many roots do the canines of a cat have?

A

1

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30
Q

How many roots does the maxillary 2nd PM of the cat have?

A

1-2 (fused)

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31
Q

How many roots does the maxillary 3rd PM of the cat have?

A

2

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32
Q

How many roots does the maxillary 4th PM of the cat have?

A

3

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33
Q

How many roots does the maxillary molar of the cat have?

A

1-3 (fused)

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34
Q

How many roots do the mandibular 3rd and 4th PM and molar of the cat have?

A

2

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35
Q

What are the 5 points of occlusion?

A
  1. Midline match
  2. Incisor overlap
  3. Canine interlock
  4. Premolar interdigitation
  5. Carnassial overlap
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36
Q

What is a class 1 malocclusion?

A

Overall canine and incisor relationship is normal;

Relative jaw length normal and equal;

1-2 teeth abnormal alignment

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37
Q

What is a class 2 malocclusion?

A

Maxilla growth more than mandible (maxilla longer than mandible);

Maxillary prognathism/mandibular brachygnathism

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38
Q

What is a class 3 malocclusion?

A

Mandible longer than maxilla;

Maxillary brachygnathism/mandibular prognathism

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39
Q

What is a class 4 malocclusion?

A

Discrepancy between right or left, maxilla or mandible;

Skeletal, rostrocaudal, side-to-side, dorsoventral

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40
Q

What are 6 potential complications of malocclusion?

A
  1. Crowding and rotation
  2. Attrition and abrasion
  3. Uncomplicated crown fractures
  4. Complicated crown fractures
  5. Periodontal disease
  6. Disruption self-cleansing mechanism
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41
Q

What dental issues do brachycephalic breeds face?

A

Dental crowding, tooth rotation, partial eruption, non-erupted

42
Q

What dental issues do mesaticephalic breeds face?

A

Increased incidence of missing premolars 1 and 4

43
Q

What dental issues do dolichocephalic breeds face?

A

Elongated jaws, normal scissor bite, abnormally large interdental spacing

44
Q

What two tools are used for periodontal probing?

A

Explorer and probe

45
Q

What type of assessment does an explorer help with and what can be evaluated?

A

Tactile assessment;

Cementum, dentin, enamel

46
Q

What type of assessment does a probe help with and what can be evaluated?

A

Periodontum assessment;

Pocket depth, 6 different areas, irregularities of tooth and gingiva

47
Q

What is the normal probing depth in a dog vs. a cat?

A

Dog = 1-3 mm

Cat = 0.5-1 mm

48
Q

What is a calculus index of 0?

A

No observable calculus

49
Q

What is a calculus index of 1?

A

<1/3 buccal surface

50
Q

What is a calculus index of 2?

A

1/3-2/3 buccal surface with subgingival deposition;

More tooth than tartar showing

51
Q

What is a calculus index of 3?

A

>2/3 buccal surface, extends subgingivally;

More tartar than tooth showing

52
Q

What is a gingivitis index of 0?

A

No gingivitis

53
Q

What is a gingivitis index of 1?

A

Redness, no bleeding on probing

54
Q

What is a gingivitis index of 2?

A

Redness, swelling, delayed bleeding on probing

55
Q

What is a gingivitis index of 3?

A

Redness, swelling, bleeding on probing (significant inflammation)

56
Q

What is a furcation?

A

The “crotch” of a tooth

57
Q

What is FE-1?

A

Furcation exposure; probe extends less than halfway under the crown in any direction of a multi-rooted tooth with attachment loss

58
Q

What is FE-2?

A

Moderate furcation exposure; probe extends more than halfway under the crown of a multi-rooted tooth with attachment loss

(But not all the way thru)

59
Q

What is FE-3?

A

Extensive furcation exposure; probe passes from one side all the way thru

60
Q

What is a mobility index of 0?

A

Normal physiologic movement

61
Q

What is a mobility index of 1?

A

Slight toth mobility in any direction;

Tooth moves <1 mm

62
Q

What is a mobility index of 2?

A

Moderate tooth mobility in any direction;

Tooth moves ~1 mm

63
Q

What is a mobility index of 3?

A

Severe tooth mobility in any direction;

Tooth moves >1 mm and/or may be depressed into alveolus

64
Q

What is intrinsic staining?

A

Discoloration of teeth (purple, pink, grey)

65
Q

What % of teeth with intrinsic staining are non-vital?

A

92.2%

66
Q

What are treatments for teeth with intrinsic staining?

A
  1. Root canal
  2. Extraction
  3. Monitoring if focal area
  4. Radiographs of tooth and contralateral tooth
67
Q

What is the treatment for persistent deciduous teeth?

A

Extraction ASAP +/- orthodontic therapy

68
Q

What is the difference between a complicated crown fracture and an uncomplicated crown fracture?

A

Complicated = has pulp exposure

Uncomplicated = no pulp exposure

69
Q

What treatments are recommended for a complicated crown fracture?

A
  • Root canal therapy
  • Extraction
  • Vital pulp therapy (if <24-48 hours old)
70
Q

What are treatments for an uncomplicated crown fracture?

A

No treatment if no clinical signs, but can do a restoration for clinical signs of pain

71
Q

How should you confirm if a tooth is truly missing?

A

Radiographs

72
Q

What is periodontal disease?

A

Bacterial plaque accumulating on the tooth surface that can cause inflammation potentially to the peridontium

73
Q

How long does it take for plaque to mineralize into tartar?

A

24 hours

74
Q

What is the host immune response to bacterial plaque/tartar accumulation?

A

Destruction of the periodontium

75
Q

How many cats and dogs does periodontal disease affect?

A

70% of cats

80% of dogs

76
Q

What are several things that can be evidence of periodontal disease?

A

Probing depth, gingival recession, supraeruption, abscessation/suppuration, gingival bleeding, pain and sensitivity, tooth mobility, food impaction, periodontal attachment loss, furcation involvement

77
Q

What is stage 0 of periodontal disease?

A

Clinically normal

No gingivitis or inflammation

Normal periodontal probing

78
Q

What is stage 1 of periodontal disease?

A

Gingivitis present

No attachment loss

Normal probing

79
Q

What stage of periodontal disease is reversible and how?

A

Stage 1; by home care

80
Q

What is stage 2 of periodontal disease?

A

Gingivitis/periodontal inflammation

<25% attachment loss

81
Q

What is stage 3 of periodontal disease?

A

Gingivitis/periodontal inflammation

25-50% attachment loss

82
Q

What is stage 4 of periodontal disease?

A

Gingivitis/periodontal inflammation

>50% attachment loss

83
Q

What are 4 general treatments for periodontal disease?

A
  1. Supragingival scaling/polishing, dental xrays
  2. Subgingival scaling/root planning
  3. Treatment of affected teeth
  4. Home care
84
Q

What are 7 indications for extractions?

A
  1. Persistent deciduous teeth
  2. Crowding
  3. Supernumerary teeth (if problematic)
  4. Unerupted teeth
  5. Teeth causing malocclusion
  6. Non-vital teeth/complicated crown fractures
  7. Periodontally compromised
85
Q

What is done to extract multi-rooted teeth?

A

sectioning

86
Q

What spp experiences tooth resorption and what % of animals?

A

Cats; 29-67% have at least 1 lesion

87
Q

Prevalence of feline tooth resorption increases with ____ and in _____ cats.

A

age, purebred

88
Q

What are 7 possible reasons for feline tooth resorption?

A
  1. Progression of periodontal disease
  2. Anomalies of tooth structure
  3. Trauma to teeth
  4. Nutritional
  5. Metabolic abnormalities
  6. Local, systemic, viral diseases
  7. Idiopathic
89
Q

What is type I tooth resorption?

A

Periodontal ligament present

90
Q

What is type II tooth resorption?

A

Periodontal ligament absent

91
Q

What is type III tooth resorption?

A

One root periodontal ligament = present and one root periodonal ligament = absent

92
Q

What is stage I of tooth resorption?

A

Mild hard tissue loss

93
Q

What is stage 2 of tooth resorption?

A

Moderate hard tissue loss (goes into dentin)

94
Q

What is stage 3 of tooth resorption?

A

Severe hard tissue loss extending into pulp

95
Q

What is stage 4a of tooth resorption?

A

Crown and root affected equally

96
Q

What is stage 4b of tooth resorption?

A

Crown affected more than root

97
Q

What is stage 4c of tooth resorption?

A

Root more affected than crown

98
Q

What is stage 5 of tooth resorption?

A

No recognizable tooth/root structure remains

99
Q

What are clinical signs of tooth resorption?

A
  1. Hyperplastic/hyperemic gingiva
  2. Calculus/plaque index
  3. Loss of tooth structure
  4. Sentinel teeth
100
Q

What are the sentinel teeth and what does it mean if these are missing?

A

307, 407 - if these are missing there is a 97% chance there is resorption in other teeth

108, 208

101
Q

What is the treatment for tooth resorption?

A

Surgical extraction, crown amputation

Small Animal Surgery (17 decks)

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