Unit 2 Flashcards
What two systems make-up the nervous system?
CNS + PNS
When does the Nervous system start to develop in a fetus?
The 3rd week;
continues thro-out pre/post natal development.
When is the most critical time in the CNS development of the fetus.
The 1st year of life.
Infants brain grows from ______ of the size of adult brain.
1/4 - 1/2 (in the first year)
Development of the Neurological System (CNS): Most growth occurs in the _____
Cerebral cortex
Growth of the brain slows at _____
2 years of age but continues into adolescence
By adolescence, the brain is adult size, but _____
Myelination continues into adulthood
Development + refinement of frontal lobe (executive function) is not complete until what age?
25 years of age
What age does the CNS start to decline?
After 30
How do older adults keep their minds active in order to maintain the neuronal networks?
“Mental gymnastics”
- Courses/ crosswords/ travel
Aerobic exercise can improve memory + delay onset of dementia
Define Motor Control…
- The study of the CONTROL OF MOVEMENT + POSTURE already acquired.
- Control movement is based on neurological + mechanical processes.*
Motor control facilitates…
Co-ordinated , sequenced movements for all functional tasks
Motor Control is produced by an interplay between…
the PERSON, the TASK and the ENVIRONMENT
Define Motor Learning…
Learning new actions as a result of experience + practice which creates permanent changes in behaviour.
ie. Learning how to ski
Define Motor Development…
The way in which motor abilities emerge + are achieved
ie. Motor milestones (sitting/crawling)
Define Neural Plasticity…
The brain’s ability to adapt + use cellular adaptations to learn or re-learn functions previously lost due to cellular death by trauma or disease at any age.
Explain Neural Plasticity…
- New Cell Growth (synaptogenesis).
- Formation of new synapses in the injured brain -
What are the 3x approaches to Neurological Rehabilitation
- Bobath; Neurodevelopment Techniques (NDT)
- Compensatory Strategies
- Functional Training Approach
What are the 11 Neurological Conditions?
- Stroke/Cerebral Vascular Disease (CVA)
- Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
- Acquired Brain Injury
- Concussion
- Post Concussion Syndrome
- Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
- Parkinson’s Disease
- Huntington’s Chorea
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- Alzheimer’s
What are the 4x acquired brain injuries from trauma?
- MVA
- Falls
- Sporting Injuries
- Assault
What are the 4x acquired brain injuries from non-trauma?
- Anoxia (absence of O2).
- Stroke
- CNS Infection
- Brain Tumors
If a client presents with impairment or dysfunction in the CNS + PNS, what kind of treatment therapy is used?
Neurological Rehabilitation
Define Bobath
Is a problem solving approach to the assessment & tx of cli. w disturbances of tone, movement & function due to a lesion in the CNS
For Bobath NDT, what are the key points?
- Tx is focused on remediation
- Regain abilities thro neuromuscular plasticity adaptation.
- Use of afferent info to effect improvements in motor performance (facilitation).
- Facilitation via handling skills.
- Limitations???
For Compensatory Strategies, what are the key points?
- Focus is on Functional movement.
- Early resumption of functional independence using the preserved movement abilities is stressed.
- Substitution movements are essential - find new ways to do previous tasks.
- Limitations: may lead to learned non-use of the impaired body part.
What is the definition of Compensatory Strategies?
Achieving movement thro an alternative process than before due to age related changes or injury.
What is the definition of Functional Training Approach?
Method of retraining the movement system using REPETITIVE practice of functional tasks in an attempt to reestablish the clients ability to perform ADL’s.
What are the main key points for Functional Training Approach?
- Focus on using a variety of different motor skills necessary for everyday life (important to client).
- Adapt movements in accordance with different environment demands.
- F.T. includes task training + repetitive practice.
What are the task-oriented training/approach?
- Min impairments
- Develop task specific strategies
- Adapt the task + envir. to facilitate success
Describe stroke/CVA and the 2x types of strokes
Blood vessels serving the brain, with impaired blood supply
+ ischemia (most common).
1. Ischemic: 70% - Caused by hypoxia (low O2), middle cerebral artery.
2. Hemorrhagic: 30% - Due to abnormal bleeding from a cerebral artery.
What is a TIA?
Diminished b/flow, stroke like symptoms which usually last 24-48 hours.
