Unit 1C Flashcards
What is the use of Electrical Stimulation?
ES consists of any modalities in which there is an electrical current going thro the client.
What are the contraindications for the use of ES?
- Pregnancy
- Pacemaker
- Active TB
- Cancer
What are the precautions for the use of ES?
- Obesity
- Decreased sensation
- Cognition
- Skin condition or fragile skin
What are the general indications for the use of ES?
- Increased Swelling
- Increased Pain
- Muscle Weakness
- Decreased Circulation
T/F: NMES does not increase strength in healthy muscle better than exercise.
TRUE
T/F: NMES with exercise is more effective than exercise alone in strengthening a weakened muscle.
TRUE
Explain the gate theory of pain.
TCells receive a convergence of PPS (excitatory) + PRS (Inhibitory) influences from both ascending + descending nerve fibres
Explain the transmission of Pain theory
+ > - More excitatory (+) signals than inhibitory. SOP transmitted to cerebral cortex.
Gate “OPEN” = Transmission of pain!
Explain the pain transmission blocked thoery
- >
- More inhibitory (-) signals than excitatory. SOP blocked. ie no message of pain sent to the cortex.
Gate “CLOSED” = Pain transmission blocked!
- More inhibitory (-) signals than excitatory. SOP blocked. ie no message of pain sent to the cortex.
Complete this sentence: The application of EPA’s create…
ascending inhibitory signals
What are the 6x therapeutic effects of ES?
- Increased strength & endurance. (NMES)
- Improve motor control thro muscle retraining. (FES)
- Pain Control. (EPA’S)
- Edema Control.
- Increased circulation. (TENS + NMES)
- Improved tissue healing. (NMES, TENS + IFC).
=IIPEII
What does NMES stand for?
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
What does TENS stand for?
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation
What does IFC stand for?
Interferential Current
What are the indications for NMES?
- Decreased strength/endurance.
- Maintain or increase ROM
- Retraining a muscle
What are the spec for the NMES machine?
M: Co-C-CO F: 50-60Hz RT. 2 Secs DC: 1/3 or 1/4 PD: 300ms T: 8-12 mins TX: Injured weak muscle
What are the specs for the HTENS machine?
M: CO
F: 80-120hz
PD:
What are the specs for the LTENS machine?
M: Bursts (I/II) F: 1-10hz PD: >150 hz RT: No rise time DC: N/A T: 40 mins Tx: Pain Control
What are the specs for the High Freq IFC?
M:Target, sweep or static F: 80-150hz PD: N/A RS: N/A DC: N/A T: 15-30 Mins Tx: Pain & swelling
What are the specs for the Low Freq IFC?
M: Target, sweep or static F: 1-10hz PD: N/A RS: N/A DC: N/A T: 30-40Mins Tx: Pain & Swelling
What is an US and what does it do?
US uses soundwaves to produce mechanical effects at the tissue level; can deliver thermal + non-thermal sound energy to the tissues.
The higher the freq - do not penetrate deeply
The lower the freq - penetrate more deeply
For thermal US what is it typically for & what the therapeutic effects?
For Chronic.
For Reducing pain & decreasing swelling
For non-thermal US what is it typically for & what are the therapeutic effects?
For Acute.
For reducing acute muscle or nerve pain & decreasing acute inflammation.
What are the general indications for the US?
- Increased Pain.
- Increased Swelling.
- Decreased circulation
What are the contraindications and precautions for the US?
C: DVT, TB, pregnancy (lowback).
P: Fractures & impaired communication & circulation
If the client reports pain with US, look at!
- not enough gel
- no kept head moving
- head angle not within 15oC
