Unit 10 Flashcards
What is T1 Diabetes?
IDDM - Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.
Pancreas does not produce ANY insulin.
This causes sugars to build-up in the blood instead of being converted in2 energy.
What cells does this Autoimmune disease destroy?
Islet Cells
*Which produce insulin
What is T1 D. sometimes referred to and why?
Juvenile Disease as the age of onset is usually under 12yr
What are the SYMPTOMS of T1 Diabetes?
- Poly - dipsia
- Poly - dhagia
- Poly - uria
- Muscle Wasting
What is TII Diabetes?
NIDDM - Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Pancreas does not produce ENOUGH insulin to meet demand.
OR
Cells are not using available insulin effectively, so cells become “INSULIN RESISTANT”
What is GDM?
GDM - Gestational Diabetes
Temporary condition occurs during pregnancy.
What are the effects of GDM on infants?
- Increased risk of should dystocia.
- High birth weight.
- Increased risk of developing TII diabetes.
Why do clients w diabetes need a PT/A?
- Min amount of insulin required - ex. helps lower blood naturally.
- Diabetes is a 2nd complication
Why do we need 2no if a client has diabetes?
- Clients are more prone 2certain complications when ex.
- May respond differently 2ex.
- Diabetic clients do not heal very well.
Complications of Diabetes - Vascular:
- Coronary Artery Disease.
- PVD
- CVA
- Hypertension
- Renal Dysfuntion
Complications of Diabetes - Peripheral Neuropathy:
Is most common.
- Numbness, tingling, burning LE.
- Balance Issues
- Wound Infection
Complications of Diabetes - Autonomic Neuropathy:
Damage 2the SNS & PNS
- Postural Hypotension.
- Sleep apnea.
- Impotence
Exercise + TII Diabetes
Chronic high blood sugar levels.
- Ex. helps lower blood sugar levels.
- Ex. also stimulates insulin production.
What is the response 2ex in diabetes affected by?
- Site of insulin.
- Ex. of intensity/type/duration
- Level of insulin art start of ex.
Diabetics should NOT ex. when:
- They have NOT eaten in 7hrs.
- Vomited or had diarrhea in the last 24-36 hrs.
- Activity might cause trauma to feet.
So when Ex. for diabetic clients, remember:
- Altered HR/BP responses to ex. - Monitor vitals + glucose levels.
- Fluid imbalance - requires slower/longer warm-up/cool down.
- Ex. induced hypoglycaemia - 2little food/ 2much ex.
What are the signs + symptoms of Hypoglycemia?
- Lightheadedness
- Tremor
- Weakness/Fatigue
- Sweating
- Hunger
How to avoid Hypoglycemia?
- Do not ex. if blood sugars r2 high/low.
- Do not ex.for one hr after a large meal.
- Do eat carbohydrate snack 30mins prior 2ex.
What to remember when ex. for Skin difficulties:
- Neuropathy may lead 2diminished sensation + increased risk of injury.
- Don’t heal well - skin care is vital 2prevent injury.
- Watch for pressure points (redness/skin breakdown).
- Avoid activities likely 2damage skin.
- Educate clients on the importance of skin care (foot hygiene/care of wounds).
What are the 3 main types of arterial reconstruction + bypass used to treat PVD?
- Aorta Femoral Bypass
- Femoral Bypass
- Femoral - Popiteal Bypass
What are the 3 main RA treatments post op for clients.
- Exercise + mobilise
- Positioning + weight bearing
- Compression
What is PVD
An obstruction (atherosclerosis) of the large peripheral arteries.
Leads to thrombus.
Causes either chronic or acute ischemia
What does a Ankle-Brachial Index Assessment do?
Measure of arterial blood flow to the extremity
