Unit 2-3-4 Flashcards
(89 cards)
Mechanisms of innate immunity
Inflammation
Activation of Complement
Phagocytosis
Cytokines
Activation of NK
Signs of inflammatory response
Rubor (redness)
Dolor (pain)
Calor (heat)
Tumor (Swelling)
Loss of function
The inflammatory response is…
The reaction to any traumatic event in the tissues (chemical, biological or physical)
Function of inflammation
Attract immune components to the site of injury
Repair tissue
Clear away harmful substances and block further invasion
Stages of acute inflammation
Initiation
Vascular reaction/tissular response
Edema and pus formation
Resolution scar formation
Leukocytes extravasation is seen by
Edema and pus formation
Initiation acute inflammation
Detection of microorganisms
Unspecific immune response
Vasoconstriction to block further invasion
Mast cells release chemical mediators
Vascular reaction
Vasodilation to increase blood flow
Increase permeability of vessels
Steps of Edema and pus formation
Attraction
Rolling
Margination (adhesion)
Diapedesis
Migration
Chemotaxis
Opsonisation
Phagocytosis
Cell lysis
Chemotaxis
Mvt of entity in response to chemical stimulus
Neutrophils recruitment by
Chemotaxis
Resolution/scar formation
Release of the chemical mediators
Diapedesis
Passage of blood cells through walls of capillaries
Pus
Liquid produced by infected tissues composed of dead wbc (leukocytes), tissue debris and serum
Opsonin def
Molecule that binds to cell wall to prepare the pathogen to be destroyed by the cells of the immune system
Types of opsinin
Antibodies
Proteins of the complement system (eg C3b)
Function opsonization
Enhances the efficiency of phagocytosis by increasing the number and type of binding sites for the phagocytes
Phagocytosis
Process by which the phagocytes recognize, engulf and kill a pathogen
Chronic inflammation
Formation of new connective tissue
More than 2 weeks
Permanent tissue damage
Dense infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages
Granuloma
Macrophages unable to protect host from tissue damage
Activation of complement system
Cascade fashion of 20 proteins
Composed of serum proteins
Function Complement system
Opsonisation
Cytolysis
Chemotaxis and inflammation
E g Cytokines
Interferon
Interleukin
Tumor necrosis factor TNF
Cytokines function
Immunoregulation
Acts as intercellular mediator/signaling molecule