Unit 2 Flashcards
electrons fill the lowest energy level first
Aufbau Principle
One electron in each orbital before 2 go in any
Hunds Rule
A maximum of 2 electrons may occupy a single orbital
electrons will have opposite spins (one up, one down)
Pauli Exclusion Principle
All orbitals of the same type in the same energy level are of equal energy
Aufbau Principle
Energy Level
amount of energy an electron needs to exist that certain distance from the nucleus
Orbital
Place where electrons are most likely to be found (within energy levels)
where do the d orbitals fill? Why?
after the s’s because the have more energy
what are photons?
packets of energy (from light, heat, etc)
where is the least amount of energy compared to the nucleus ?
least amount is closer to the nucleus because of electrons (opposite charges)
why is the most amount of energy farthest away from the nucleus ?
because there is more space for electrons to fill because of the energy levels getting bigger (electrons have opposite charge)
holds most e- -> more space further from the nucleus
how many orbitals and electrons in the p block ?
3 p orbitals
6 electrons
how many orbitals and electrons in the d block?
5 d orbitals
10 electrons
how many orbitals and electrons in the f block ?
7 f orbitals
14 electrons
equation to find energy?
E=h*v
equation using the speed of light to find a wavelength
C=(wavelength)*v
what does v represent ?
frequency
unit for energy?
J (Joules)
unit for frequency?
1/s
speed of light? (C)
3E17 nm/s
planks constant (h)?
6.626E-34 JS
what happens when electrons jump from level to level
absorbing energy and then releasing energy
(Absorb very specific color light and emit very specific color light)
Every atom has a different energy -> therefore each elements releases different (unique) colors
when absorbing, what does an electron do ?
moves from its ground state to a higher energy level (becoming excited)
when releasing, what does an electron do ?
electron moves from excited state to a lower state (closer to the ground state) and then eventually returns to the ground state.
what does quantum mean?
quantity, specific amount of energy
how many energy levels behind is the d orbital ?
1
how many energy levels behind is the f orbital ?
2
how can electrons move from level to level?
by absorbing and releasing a certain amount of energy
certain distance depends on what?
depends on the energy of the electron
what shape is the p orbital ?
dumbbell shaped
what shape is the s orbital ?
circle, sphere
what 2 things produce color?
wavelength and frequency
