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SYSTEMATICS > UNIT 2 > Flashcards

UNIT 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Give 6 reasons why should we study systematics(PBIPJC)

A

1.Provide information about the diversity of life
2.Basis for acquiring information about life’s diversity
3.Integrative and unifying science
4.Provide scientific basis for defining that these are distinct from other, closely rated and similar taxa
5. Joy of exploring
6. Challeng intellectual activity

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2
Q

13 people that contributed in the history of taxony

A

Aristotle
Theophrastus
Pierre Belon
Carolus Linnaeus
Georges Leclerc(Comte De Buffon)
Jean-baptiste Lamarck
Georges Cuvier
Etienne Saint-Hilaire
Johan Coethe
Lorenz Oken
Richard Owen
Charles Darwin
Ernst Haeckel

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3
Q

He divided animals into 3 using functional features

A

Aristotle

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4
Q

3 categories of animals by aristotle

A

Blooded animals
Non-blooded animals
Dualizing species

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5
Q

They are egg-laying, live-bearing animals like mammals, human,birds and fish

A

Blooded animals

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6
Q

3types of Non-blooded sea animals

A

Hard-shelled(Testau)
Soft-shelled(Crustacea)
Non-shelled(Cephalopods)

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7
Q

Give example of Non-blooded animals

A

Insects
Bees

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8
Q

They are called potential terata and a result of error in nature

A

Dualizing species

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9
Q

Give example of dualizing species

A

Bat with wings
Sponges-like that can walk
Porpoises in water
Whales
Seals

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10
Q

He study plants and on the causes of plants based on dichotomous distinction like growth form and color of leaves and fruits

A

Theophrastus

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11
Q

He contribudted in the field of comparative analysis and modern embryology is based on his work

A

Pierre Belon

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12
Q

He analyze similarities on the skeletal system of human and birds

A

Pierre Belon

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13
Q

He is the father of taxonomy, he grouped organisms into 3 kingdoms and he started binomial nomeclature

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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14
Q

Works:
Classification of Minerals
Species Plantarum
Systema Naturae
Hierarchical system of classification

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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15
Q

His works are based on the observable similarities between groups of organism

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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16
Q

He discovered that animals of different species can crossbreed but the offspring is infertile
He also belived in the mutation of species

A

Georges Leclerc(Comte De Buffon)

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17
Q

His works
Natural History
The Varieties of the Human species

A

Georges Leclerc

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18
Q

Group of animals that can produce their own food

A

Species

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19
Q

He coined the word Biologie
He belived that organism does not extinct
Presence and absence of blood

A

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

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20
Q

His work
Theory of transmutation
Theory of use and disuse

A

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

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21
Q

He work is Theory of Catastrophism because he believed in the process of extinction

A

Georges Cuvier

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22
Q

4 branches of animals according to Georges Cuvier(VAMR)

A

Vertebrata
Articulata
Mollusca
Radiata

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23
Q

He was a naturalist who establish the principle of “Unity of Composition”

A

Etienne Saint-Hilaire

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24
Q

He belived that environmental conditiom motivated changes

A

Etienne Saint-Hilaire

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25
Q

He coined the term Morphology
His work is Metamorphosis of Plants

A

Johann coethe

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26
Q

Entirety of organism’s form throught development to adult

A

Johann Coethe

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27
Q

Once a leader of Naturalphilosophie

A

Lorenz Oken

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28
Q

Fundamental units of life

A

Infusoria

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29
Q

5 fundamental unit of life by Lorenz Oken(DGROO)

A

Dermatozoa-invertebrate
Glussozoa fish(with tongue)
Rhinozoa-reptiles(with nose opening)
Otozoa birds(with external ears)
Ophthalmozoa-mammals(ear, nose and eyes)

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30
Q

Homology:Same organ, same structure but different animals

A

Richard Owen

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31
Q

Analogy: different parts, different animals but same function

A

Richard Owen

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32
Q

To generate and explaim the hierarchical distribution of biological variation

A

Theory of evolution

33
Q

Evolutionary trees

A

Charles Darwin

34
Q

He transformed owen’s archetype into ancestors

A

Charles Darwin

35
Q

Ontogeny recapitulated phylogeny

A

Ernst Haeckel

36
Q

Coined the word Phylogeny

A

Ernst Haeckel

37
Q

To describe the scheme of genealogical relationships

A

Phylogeny

38
Q

Who promulgated the evolutionary taxonomy

A

Simpson(1961
Mayr(1969)

39
Q

All the members of a taxonomic group should be descended from a single common ancestors

A

Evolutionary taxonomy

40
Q

System of classification based on the overall similaritied of the organisms being classified

A

Phenetics taxonomy

41
Q

Phylogenetic taxonomy is commonly known as

A

Cladistics

42
Q

Phylogenetic taxonoy has uts foundatiom in the work of

A

Hennig(1950)

43
Q

Classified into clades(groups) based on the collective characteristic and having a common ancestry

A

Phylogenetic systematics

44
Q

Systematics is defined as the field that(6) (PDPPIC)

A

1.Provide scientific name for tge organism
2. Describes them
3. Preserves collectiom of them
4. Provides classification for the organism, key for their identification, and data of their distribution
5.Investigates their evolutiomary histories
6.Considers their environmental adaptations

45
Q

Studies evolutionary relationship of organisms which are later applied in the developement of taxonomic groups

A

Systematics

46
Q

3 components of systematics

A

Evolution
Descent
Modification

47
Q

Component of systematics
Changes that may occur for million/billion years

A

Evolutiom

48
Q

Component of systematics
Transfer of DNA

A

Descent

49
Q

Component of systematics
Changes for the better

A

Modification

50
Q

Word where taxonomy is derived

A

Taxis-arrangement
Nomos-law

51
Q

The french form of taxonomy is propsed by ____on 1813

A

De candolle

52
Q

Theory and practice of classifying organisms

A

Taxonomy

53
Q

4 components of taxonomy

A

Description
Identification
Nomenclature
Classification

54
Q

7 taxa

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

55
Q

Assignment of features or attributes to a taxon

A

Description

56
Q

2 or more forms of character is called

A

Character state

57
Q

It is toll for communication, for concisely categorizing and delimiting the attributes of a taxon, an organism, or some pafts of the organism

A

Description

58
Q

Process of associating an unknown taxon into a known one

A

Identification

59
Q

Consist of a 2 contrasting statements

A

Dichotomous key

60
Q

Pair of lead

A

Couplet

61
Q

Formal naming of taxa acoording to some standardized system

A

Nomclature

62
Q

Translated into the latin language

A

Scientific name

63
Q

Arrangment of entities into some type of order

A

Classification

64
Q

To prodive a system for cataloguinh and expressing relationships between these entities

A

Classification

65
Q

Classifying organisms that utilizes categroies called ___

A

Ranks

66
Q

Classificatiom involves 2(DG)

A
  1. Devising schemes to aid in recognizing different kinds of organisms
  2. Grouping organisms in a filing system so that information about them can be readily recalled
67
Q

5 kinds of classification

A

Artificial
Natural
Phenetic
Phylogenetic
Evolutionary

68
Q

Based on arbitrary, easily onservable characters

A

Artificial classification

69
Q

Uses overall similarity in grouping taxa

A

Natural classification

70
Q

Based on overall similarities

A

Phenetic classification

71
Q

Based on evolutionary history, or pattern of descent

A

Phylogenetic classification

72
Q

It accepts leaving ouy certain descendants of a commom ancestor

A

Evolutionary classification

73
Q

Give scope of systematics

A

1.Deals with the population, species, and higher taxa
2.Using Comparative method to determines:
*what the unique properties of each species& highet taxon are
*What properties certain taxa have in common
*What the biological causes of the differences or sared characters are
3. concerned with variation within taxa
4. Classification makes organic diversity accessivle to the other biological discipline

74
Q

Give an aims of systematics

A
  1. To invetory the world’s kinds of organism(Flora and fuana)
  2. To provide a metjod for identification and communication
  3. To produce a coherent and universal system of classification
  4. To demonstrate the evolutionary implicatioms of biodiversity
  5. To prove an integration of all available information
  6. To provide an information references, supplying the methodology for information storage, retrievL, exchange and utilization
  7. To provide new concepts, reinterpret the old, and develop new procedures
  8. To provide integrated databases
75
Q

7 component fields of systematics

A

Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Classification
Nomenclature
Biogeography
Evolutionary biology
Phylogenetics

76
Q

Supposed vector of malaria i. Europe

A

Anopheles maculpennis Meigen

77
Q

Correct identification and classification of soecies in:

A

Agriculture
Public heath
Ecology
Conservation
Genetics

78
Q

6 characters used in systematics

A

Morphological
Physiological
Molecular
Behavioral
Ecological
Geographic

79
Q

Give roles and products of systematics in modern biology

A

1.systematics identify and document earth’s biodiversity and organize this information in a form that can be utilized by others
2. Systematics is the stidy of the history of lofe on earth
3. Phylogenetic patterns that result from systematic studies, and classificationn derived from them have predictive value
4. Systematucs prodive a basis for biodiversity conservation priorities
5. Systematicd provides independent evidence for patterns of geological change
6. Systematics and systematic collections provide identification services and documentation of identity.

SYSTEMATICS (6 decks)

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