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SYSTEMATICS > Final 1.1 > Flashcards

Final 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

It is a fundamental aspect of study, trainings, and research on plant systematics

A

Plant collection and Field preparation

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2
Q

T/F
Avoid collecting typical specimen that grows vigorously

A

False, specimens to be collected must be entire, vigorously growing typical specimens

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3
Q

T/F
Select such indivuduals that represent almost all phases of natural population

A

True

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4
Q

T/F
Avoid collecting insect-damaged specimens

A

True

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5
Q

T/F
Avoid collecting underground parts of herbaceous perrenials

A

False, herbaceous perrenials specimen’ underground parts must be collected

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6
Q

T/F
Avoid collecting those specimens of flowering plants that contain flowers, fruits, seeds.

A

False

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7
Q

Specimens _______ that the size of a single sheet, should be divided and pressed on a series of sheets

A

Larger

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8
Q

T/F
Collect plants without leaves intact

A

False, the specimens to be collected must have a leaves intact to the branches/stem

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9
Q

T/F
Collect the bark and wood samples of the woody plants

A

True

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10
Q

T/F
Collect rare and uncommon plants

A

False, must not collec rare plants, becuase collecting them can cause for them to be extinct

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11
Q

Give some field equipment and supplies

A

Field press
Driers/blotters
Straps/ropes
Corrugated ventilators
Field notebook
Digging and clipping tools
String tags
Vasculum
Collecting bags
Collecting bottles
Liquid preservative
Hand lens
Wax paper
Cardboard storage box
Maps
Color charts
Camera

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12
Q

Organization of the fielf press(layers)

A

Press
Paper cardboard
Plant
Paper cardboard
Plant
Paper cardboard
Plant
Paper cardboard
Press

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13
Q

T/F
Specimens , after being cut or dug, should not be pressed as soon as possible

A

False, it must be pressed as soon as possible

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14
Q

T/F
Plants too large to fit in the 11.16 inch fold of a neswpaper or a blotter may be bent into a V, N, or M figure

A

True

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15
Q

T/F
Specimen should not be arranged that some upper and lower surface of leaves are exposed

A

False, some upper and lower surface must be exposed

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16
Q

T/F
Flowers or inflorescence should not be spread out thoroughly

A

False, it should be spread out throughly for a complete view

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17
Q

T/F
A few flowers can be cut longitudinally and pressed, if possible

A

True

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18
Q

T/F
The extra leaves or branches are removed

A

True

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19
Q

T/F
Each sheet should contain a collector’s number which refers to the notes in the collectors field note

A

True

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20
Q

The specimens in the specimen paper are placed in between ___ driers or blotters

A

Two

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21
Q

It is often inserted before the next specimenn papers and driers are added

A

Corrugated ventillators

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22
Q

All the specimens are placed for oressing in such a way so that the entire bundle is ultimately of almost uniform ______ in the middles and sideways

A

thickness

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23
Q

Why did the press is tightly bound with ropes or straps?

A

To prevent the wrinkling of the specimens

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24
Q

Where should the press placed

A

In the sun

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25
Q

How long before opening the press?

A

After 24 hours of placing it under the sun

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26
Q

For __-___ days the wet blotters or driers are changed daily, until the specimen are completely dried

A

3-4

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27
Q

The press become ___ when the plants are completely dried

A

Loose

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28
Q

T/F
Artificial heat can be used for the drying process

A

True

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29
Q

Is oven can be used for drying?

A

No

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30
Q

When can the prress or plants be dried im a drier

A

Humid regions

31
Q

A drier is made in the form of a ____ _____ 3feet in legth and __ inches in breadth, made up of 1/10 inch thick boards

A

Wooden box
8

32
Q

Purposed of small openings im the bottom of the box

A

For the entry of air that will get heated by the bulbs to dry the plant

33
Q

A process by whcih a dry specimen is attached to a xxx paper or herbarium sheet, a d a label is affixed at the lower right corner of the sheet

A

Mounting

34
Q

Standard size of a herbarium sheet

A

28.75cm x 41.25 cm

35
Q

Where did dry specimens are dipped before mounting

A

Saturated solution of mercuric chloride in ethyl alcohol to prevent infectio. Of gunhi, insects, etc..

36
Q

A good quality ___ or ____ is applied to the back of the specimens for affixing them onto the herbarium sheets

A

Glue or paste

37
Q

It is used as an additiomal aid to hold heavy and woody specimens

A

Strips of gummed paper

38
Q

____ and ____ parts are placed in a peper packet and pasted on the same herbarium sheet

A

Loose and dissected parts

39
Q

T/F
Specimens can be stitch onto the herbarium sheet

A

False, it must not be stitch

40
Q

This methods are used insteaf of mercuric chloride and other harmful chemicals

A

Deep-Freezing Method

41
Q

2 types of deep-freezing method

A

Portable freezer unit
Deep-freeze Arctic Vault

42
Q

They created Portable Freezer unit

A

Davis and Gauthier (2008)

43
Q

It maintained a constant and colder temperature that a similar-sized cooler filled with ice

A

Portable freezer unit

44
Q

It is useful for preserving the quality of seeds and cuttings of plants collected in the field

A

Portable freezer unit

45
Q

Give the benefits of portable freezer unit

A
  1. Refrigeration control offers temperature stability independet of exterior temperature without the worries about ice-melting
  2. Can function well in remote locations whete replenishment of ice may not be feasible
46
Q

Why did portable freezer unit is efdective in collecting seeds

A

Because seeds require a constant temperature and this freezer is capable of doing that

47
Q

It is a portable freezer that is needed to be remain inside the vehicle when sampling

A

Engel MT 35

48
Q

It is used to preserve seed, plants and crop varieties for future study and use

A

Deep-freeze arctic vault

49
Q

Usual size of a labelled paper

A

6.5 x 10.5 cm

50
Q

Where should the label be placed

A

On the lower right side of a herbarium sheet

51
Q

Ideal label congains a _____ ____ on the plant and its ____

A

Miniature essay
Habitat

52
Q

____ ____ and _____ parts can be attached in a small envelope

A

Large seeds
Reproductive parts

53
Q

Plants are identified with the help of a appropriate ___, ___ and ____

A

floras
Manuals
Monographs

54
Q

A _____ is to be retained before sending a specimen to the soecialist for identification

A

Duplicate specimen

55
Q

Collection of drief and pressed plants arranged according to a classification and avalablr for study or reference

A

Herbarium / Herbaria

56
Q

Herbarium is a name first applied by

A

Linnaeus

57
Q

This types of plant is preverve in liquid preservatives

A

Fleshy planfs

58
Q

This type of plants are dried without pressung and are stored in soecial boxes

A

Bulky plants

59
Q

Where did the world’s largest herbarium located?

A

Royal Botanic Garden in England

60
Q

5 million specimens

A

Royal Botanic Garden in England

61
Q

6.5 million plant specimen

A

The Herbarium of Natural History in Paris

62
Q

Where did the biggest Indian Herbarium is located?

A

Botanical Survey of India in Kolkata

63
Q

1.3 million specimens

A

Botanical Survey of India in Kolkata

64
Q

Where did 1600 world’s most important herbaria listed?

A

Index Herbariorum by Holmgren et al 1981

65
Q

Published “Herbarium News”

A

Missouri Botanical Garden

66
Q

Accordinh to different institutions, how many herbarium reseources of the world includes?

A

140 million specimens

67
Q

History of Herbarium Development

A

Luca Ghini
Gherards Cibo
John Falconer
Holmgren et al 1981
Linnacus/Linnaeus?

68
Q

Initiator of art of herbarium

A

Luca Ghini

69
Q

Student of ghini

A

Gherards Cibo

70
Q

He learned the art of preparing a herbarium perhaps from ghini

A

John Falconer

71
Q

When did the great herbarium of the museum of natural history in paris was founden?

A

1653

72
Q

Usual practice of preparinh a herbarium

A

Mounting
Binding them into volumes

73
Q

Great filing system for information about plants

A

Modern herbarium

74
Q

Research, training, and service institution that serves as a refernces center, documetation facility and data storehouse

A

Modern herbarium

SYSTEMATICS (6 decks)

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