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Final 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

It is a fundamental aspect of study, trainings, and research on plant systematics

A

Plant collection and Field preparation

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2
Q

T/F
Avoid collecting typical specimen that grows vigorously

A

False, specimens to be collected must be entire, vigorously growing typical specimens

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3
Q

T/F
Select such indivuduals that represent almost all phases of natural population

A

True

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4
Q

T/F
Avoid collecting insect-damaged specimens

A

True

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5
Q

T/F
Avoid collecting underground parts of herbaceous perrenials

A

False, herbaceous perrenials specimen’ underground parts must be collected

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6
Q

T/F
Avoid collecting those specimens of flowering plants that contain flowers, fruits, seeds.

A

False

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7
Q

Specimens _______ that the size of a single sheet, should be divided and pressed on a series of sheets

A

Larger

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8
Q

T/F
Collect plants without leaves intact

A

False, the specimens to be collected must have a leaves intact to the branches/stem

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9
Q

T/F
Collect the bark and wood samples of the woody plants

A

True

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10
Q

T/F
Collect rare and uncommon plants

A

False, must not collec rare plants, becuase collecting them can cause for them to be extinct

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11
Q

Give some field equipment and supplies

A

Field press
Driers/blotters
Straps/ropes
Corrugated ventilators
Field notebook
Digging and clipping tools
String tags
Vasculum
Collecting bags
Collecting bottles
Liquid preservative
Hand lens
Wax paper
Cardboard storage box
Maps
Color charts
Camera

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12
Q

Organization of the fielf press(layers)

A

Press
Paper cardboard
Plant
Paper cardboard
Plant
Paper cardboard
Plant
Paper cardboard
Press

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13
Q

T/F
Specimens , after being cut or dug, should not be pressed as soon as possible

A

False, it must be pressed as soon as possible

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14
Q

T/F
Plants too large to fit in the 11.16 inch fold of a neswpaper or a blotter may be bent into a V, N, or M figure

A

True

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15
Q

T/F
Specimen should not be arranged that some upper and lower surface of leaves are exposed

A

False, some upper and lower surface must be exposed

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16
Q

T/F
Flowers or inflorescence should not be spread out thoroughly

A

False, it should be spread out throughly for a complete view

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17
Q

T/F
A few flowers can be cut longitudinally and pressed, if possible

A

True

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18
Q

T/F
The extra leaves or branches are removed

A

True

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19
Q

T/F
Each sheet should contain a collector’s number which refers to the notes in the collectors field note

A

True

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20
Q

The specimens in the specimen paper are placed in between ___ driers or blotters

A

Two

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21
Q

It is often inserted before the next specimenn papers and driers are added

A

Corrugated ventillators

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22
Q

All the specimens are placed for oressing in such a way so that the entire bundle is ultimately of almost uniform ______ in the middles and sideways

A

thickness

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23
Q

Why did the press is tightly bound with ropes or straps?

A

To prevent the wrinkling of the specimens

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24
Q

Where should the press placed

A

In the sun

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25
How long before opening the press?
After 24 hours of placing it under the sun
26
For __-___ days the wet blotters or driers are changed daily, until the specimen are completely dried
3-4
27
The press become ___ when the plants are completely dried
Loose
28
T/F Artificial heat can be used for the drying process
True
29
Is oven can be used for drying?
No
30
When can the prress or plants be dried im a drier
Humid regions
31
A drier is made in the form of a ____ _____ 3feet in legth and __ inches in breadth, made up of 1/10 inch thick boards
Wooden box 8
32
Purposed of small openings im the bottom of the box
For the entry of air that will get heated by the bulbs to dry the plant
33
A process by whcih a dry specimen is attached to a xxx paper or herbarium sheet, a d a label is affixed at the lower right corner of the sheet
Mounting
34
Standard size of a herbarium sheet
28.75cm x 41.25 cm
35
Where did dry specimens are dipped before mounting
Saturated solution of mercuric chloride in ethyl alcohol to prevent infectio. Of gunhi, insects, etc..
36
A good quality ___ or ____ is applied to the back of the specimens for affixing them onto the herbarium sheets
Glue or paste
37
It is used as an additiomal aid to hold heavy and woody specimens
Strips of gummed paper
38
____ and ____ parts are placed in a peper packet and pasted on the same herbarium sheet
Loose and dissected parts
39
T/F Specimens can be stitch onto the herbarium sheet
False, it must not be stitch
40
This methods are used insteaf of mercuric chloride and other harmful chemicals
Deep-Freezing Method
41
2 types of deep-freezing method
Portable freezer unit Deep-freeze Arctic Vault
42
They created Portable Freezer unit
Davis and Gauthier (2008)
43
It maintained a constant and colder temperature that a similar-sized cooler filled with ice
Portable freezer unit
44
It is useful for preserving the quality of seeds and cuttings of plants collected in the field
Portable freezer unit
45
Give the benefits of portable freezer unit
1. Refrigeration control offers temperature stability independet of exterior temperature without the worries about ice-melting 2. Can function well in remote locations whete replenishment of ice may not be feasible
46
Why did portable freezer unit is efdective in collecting seeds
Because seeds require a constant temperature and this freezer is capable of doing that
47
It is a portable freezer that is needed to be remain inside the vehicle when sampling
Engel MT 35
48
It is used to preserve seed, plants and crop varieties for future study and use
Deep-freeze arctic vault
49
Usual size of a labelled paper
6.5 x 10.5 cm
50
Where should the label be placed
On the lower right side of a herbarium sheet
51
Ideal label congains a _____ ____ on the plant and its ____
Miniature essay Habitat
52
____ ____ and _____ parts can be attached in a small envelope
Large seeds Reproductive parts
53
Plants are identified with the help of a appropriate ___, ___ and ____
floras Manuals Monographs
54
A _____ is to be retained before sending a specimen to the soecialist for identification
Duplicate specimen
55
Collection of drief and pressed plants arranged according to a classification and avalablr for study or reference
Herbarium / Herbaria
56
Herbarium is a name first applied by
Linnaeus
57
This types of plant is preverve in liquid preservatives
Fleshy planfs
58
This type of plants are dried without pressung and are stored in soecial boxes
Bulky plants
59
Where did the world's largest herbarium located?
Royal Botanic Garden in England
60
5 million specimens
Royal Botanic Garden in England
61
6.5 million plant specimen
The Herbarium of Natural History in Paris
62
Where did the biggest Indian Herbarium is located?
Botanical Survey of India in Kolkata
63
1.3 million specimens
Botanical Survey of India in Kolkata
64
Where did 1600 world's most important herbaria listed?
Index Herbariorum by Holmgren et al 1981
65
Published "Herbarium News"
Missouri Botanical Garden
66
Accordinh to different institutions, how many herbarium reseources of the world includes?
140 million specimens
67
History of Herbarium Development
Luca Ghini Gherards Cibo John Falconer Holmgren et al 1981 Linnacus/Linnaeus?
68
Initiator of art of herbarium
Luca Ghini
69
Student of ghini
Gherards Cibo
70
He learned the art of preparing a herbarium perhaps from ghini
John Falconer
71
When did the great herbarium of the museum of natural history in paris was founden?
1653
72
Usual practice of preparinh a herbarium
Mounting Binding them into volumes
73
Great filing system for information about plants
Modern herbarium
74
Research, training, and service institution that serves as a refernces center, documetation facility and data storehouse
Modern herbarium

SYSTEMATICS (6 decks)

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