For LABORATORY 1-3 Flashcards by Cayle Flores

5 Plant Habit

Herb
Vine
Liana
Tree
Shrub

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Soft stemmed plants with less/no wood

Herb

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Climbing or twining plants, with stems which may be tender or tough

Vine

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Woody climbing plant that hangs from trees, especially in tropical rainforest

Liana

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Differentiate Vine and Liana

Vine grows in any other type of environment while liana grows in tropical places

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Is a stout, tall, perrenial, woody plant having one main stem(trunk) with many lateral branches

Tree

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Perrenial woody plant with several main stems arising from the ground level

Shrub

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Give example of Herb

Fennel
Stevia
Basil

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Give example of Vine

Bougainvillea
Wisteria
Clematis

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Give example of Liana

Jade vine
Bougainvillea
Five leaf chocolate

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Give example of Tree

Mango
Oak tree
Cashew

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Give example of shrub

China rose
Croton
Camelia

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6 plant habitat

Terrestrial
Aquatic
Epiphytic
Rheophytes
Lithophytes
Chasmophytes

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Plant that grows on land

Terrestrial

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Plants that have adapted to living in (salt&freshwater)

Aquatic

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Plants that grows above the ground

Epiphytic

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Plants that live in environments with fast-flowing currents(river/steams)

Rheophyte

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Plants that grow on rock surfaces

Lithophytes

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Plants that grow on fissures in rocks where soil and prganic matter gas accumulated

Chasmophyte

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Give example of Terrestrial

Maple tree
Rose
Cacti

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Give example of Aquatic

Brazillian Waterweed
Alligatorweed
Curly pondweed

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Give example of Epiphytic

Anthurium
Orchids
Bromeliad

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Give example of Rheophyte

Bluntleaf spleenwort
Royal fern
Halberd fern

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Give example of Lithophyte

Tillandsia
Dendrobium
Bromeliad

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Give example of Chasmophyte

Holy fern Carabao grass Northern rock-cress

9 root types

Taproot Fibrous root Storage root Aerial root Contractile root Haustoria Prop root Pneumatophores Buttress root

Prominent, large, upright and straight root that develops vertically downward

Taproot

Formed by thin, moderately branching roots emerging from the stem

Fibrous root

Modified lateral root, enlarged

Storage root

Arises from other parts of plant body and not the main root below the stem

Aerial

Swell or contract to push or pull the modified stems to the correct depth in the soil

Contractile root

Rootlike structure that grows into or around another sturcture to absorb water and nutrients

Haustoria

Developed from the branches of tree, hang downward reach the ground, and penetrate into the ground to support the tree

Prop root

Roots that gro verticallyy upwards to get oxygen for respiration by plants growing in swampy areas

Pneumatophores

Aka plank roots, large wide roots on all sides of a shallowly rooted tree

Buttress roots

Give example of taproot

Carrot Radish Turnip

Give example of fibrous root

Grass Wheat Onion

Give example of storage root

Onion Crocus Carrot

Give example of aerial root

Common Ivy Poison ivy Banyan tree

Give example of contractile root

Corm Dandelion Skunk cabbage

Give example of Haustoria

Cuscuta Cassytha

Give example of Proproots

Banyan tree Red mangrove

Give example of pneumatophores

Bald cypress Cotton

Give example of buttress root

Arjuna tree Jackfruit Cotton tree

10 types of stem / shoot

Bulb Corm Caudex Rhizome Tuber Stolon/Runner Cladode Succulent Protective Reproductive

Short underground stwm with fleshy leaf based called scale

Bulb

Vertucal, fleshy, underground stem that acts as a food storage structure in certain seed plants

Corm

Thickenef, usually underground base of the stem of many perennial herbaceous plants, from which new leaves and flowering leaves arises

Caudex

Situated eaither soil surface or underground that contains nodes from which roots and shoots originate

Rhizome

Specialized underground, usually short and thicker, becomes enlargef at the growing tips by the accumulatiom of stored food

Tuber

Slender horizontally stem that grows above the soil level. It has a creeping stem with long internodes

Stolon/runner

Flattened stem or internode that resembles and fucntion as a leaf

Cladode

Fleshy, columnar shaoed plants which conducts photosynthesis mainly through their stem rather than leaves

Succulent stem

Consist primarily of epidermis

Protective stem

Contains a stamen, pistil plus accesory parts such as petals, sepal and nectar glands

Reproductive stem

Give example of bulb

Onion Tulip

Give example of corm

Crocus Taro

Give example of caudex

Palm Ferns

Give example of rhizome

Turmeric Ginger

Give example of tuber

Potato Ginger

Give example of stolon/runner

Strawberry Silverweed

Give example of cladode

Ruscus Asparagus

Give example of succulent

Aloevera Agave

Give example of protective stem

Black berry

Give example of reproductive st

Eater lily

9 stem habit

Caulescent Acaulescent Aborescent Frutescent Suffrutescent Scandent Prostrate Decumbent Cespitose

Plants producing a well-developed stem above ground

Caulescent

Plants having no apparent stem above ground

Acaulescent

Resembling a tree in growth or appearance

Aborescent

Having the appearance or habit of a shrub

Frutescent

Having a base that is somewhat woody and does not die down each year

Suffrutescent

Plants having a tendency to climb

Scandent

Plants which grows falt on the ground

Prostate

Plants reclining on the ground but witg ascending apex

Decumbent

Plants growing in small dense clumps or tufts

Cespitose

Give example of caulescent

Airplant

Give example of acaulescent

Wolly locoweed

Give example of aborescent

Dragon tree

Give example of frutescent

Desert rose

Give example of suffrutescent

Slender russian thistle

Give example of scandent

Flame lily

Give example of prostrate

Prostrate pigweed

Give example of decumbet

Elephant bush

Give example of cespitose

Strawcolored flatsedge

8 types of bud

Vegetative Flower Mixed Collateral Superposed Pseudo-terminal Terminal Lateral

Composed of a short stem with embryonic leaves, with bud primordia in the axils and at the apex

Vegetative bud

A bud from which only flower develop

Flower bud

A bud that produces a beanch, leaves as well as flowers

Mixed bud

An accesory bud on a plant stem, lying beside the axillary bud

Collateral bud

Buds above the axillary bud

Superposed bud

A bud located ner the terminal bud

Pseudo-terminal bud

A bud located at the apex of the stem or shoot

Terminal buds

A bud that develops in the axil between a petiole and a stem

Terminal buds

A bud that develops in the axil between the a petiole and a stem

Lateral buds

Give example of vegetative bud

Hardy begonia

Give example of flower bud

Gumamela

Give example of mixed bud

Maple

Give example of collateral bud

Red maple

Give example of superposed bud

Shrub althea

Give example of pseudo-terminal bud

Basswood

Give example of terminal bud

Sycamore maple

Give example of lateral bud

Lilac

4 types of stem branching pattern

Dichotomous Pseudo-monopodial Monopodial Sympodial

Type of branching in plants that results when the growinh point(apical bud) divides into two equal growing points

Dichotomous

This type of branching creates a resultant form that similat looking to true monopodial growth

Pseudo-monopodial

Growing upward with a single main stem or axis that produces leaves and flowers

Monopodial

Growth is a bifurcating braching pattern where one branch develops more strongly that the other

Sympodial

Give example of dichotomous braching pattern

Whisk fern

Give example of psedo-monopodial braching pattern

Clubmoss

Give example of monopodial braching pattern

Mango tree

Give example of sympodial braching pattern

Tomato

22 leaf structural type

Lycophyll Euphyll Bract Bractlet Scale Cataphylls Epicalyx Chaff Glumes Lemma Palea Phyllary Spathe Phyllodes Tendril Spine Glochidium Petiolar spine Leaflet spine Stipular spine Unifacial leaf Central leaf

18 leaf type

Simple Compound Pinnately compound Imparippinate Paripinnate Bipinnately compound Tripinnately compound Palmately compound Costapalmate Ternately compound Biternately compound Palmate-ternate Pinnate-ternate Decompound Geminate Geminate-pinnate Unifoliate

8 leaf attachment

Petiolate Sessile Petiolulate Sheathing Decurrent Amplexicaul Perfoliate Connate-perfoliate

Leaves are attached to stems by stalks

Petiolate

Leaves attached directly to the stem

Sessile

Wih a stalk of a leaflet of a compound leaf

Petiolulate

Leaf base that encircle the stem, which allow grasses to grow in height, while protecting apical meristem

Sheathing

Leaf base which is the petiole and leaf base both become broade for a distance along the stem

Decurrent

Leaves that clasp the stem, as the base or stipules of some leaves

Amplexicual

Leaves or a pait of oppositr leaves gradually fused together

Perfoliate

2 opposite leaves fused arounf the stem tgar appear to go through the leaf

Connate- perfoliate

Give example of petiolate

Celery

Give example of sessile

Mountain bellwort

Give example of petiolulate

Dwarf umbrella tree

Give example of sheathing

Maize

Give example of decurrent

Woodly mullein

Give example of amplexicual

Erect knotweed

Give example of perfoliate

Trumphet honeysuckle

Give example of connate-perfoliate

Cup plant

9 leaf venation pattern

Uninervous Dichotomous Parallel Netted/Reticulated Pinnately netted Palmately veined Ternately veined Penni-parallel Palmate-parallel

Venation pattern that has a central midrib with no latetal veinz

Uninervous

Venation pattern whete weins branch from each other like tree branches

Dichotomous

Venation pattern that is vein configuration where veins run parallel to one another

Parallel

Venation pattern where major vein branch from the main ribs and subdivided into finer veinlets

Netted/reticulated

Venation pattern where ther is midvein or midrib and secondary smaller veins branching to either side of the mid vein

Pinnately veined

Venation pattern where there are several main veins of similar thickness that radiate feom a single point ate the base of the leaf

Palmately veined

Venation pattern where there are 3 primary verins arising from a common basal point

Ternately veined

Venation pattern where there is a cemtral midveim with secondaty veims that are essentially parallel to one another

Penni-parallel

Venation pattern where it has several conspicious parallel veins

Palmate-parallel