Final 1.2 Flashcards by Cayle Flores

Assignment of definite name to plantz

Plant nomenclature

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Give the 5 codes for nomenclature

ICBN-of Botanical nomenclature
ICZN-of Zoological nomeclature
ICNB-for the nomeclature of bacteria
ICVCN-of Virus classification and nomeclature
ICNCP-of nomeclature for cultivated plants

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Formal scientific name conforming to the international code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants

Botanical names

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International code of phylogenetic nomenclature

PhyloCode

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It is a developing craft for a formal set of rules governing phylogenetic nomenclature

PhyloCode

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Why latin is used in scientific names?

Because it is a dead languange and as such meanings and interpretation are not subject to changes
It is specific and exact in meaning
Grammatical sense of the word is commonly obvious
It emplyos the roman alphabet

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It i volves the principles governef by rules formulated and adopted by International Botanical congresses

Nomenclature

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Major goal of ICBN

To provide one correct name for each taxon

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They assign names to new taxa
And finalizes the right name for a soecimen according to an established system of classification

Taxonomist / Nomeclaturist

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Other term for common names

Vernacular

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It is made up of words of native languagr of the country or the region
It varies in different countries as well as in different regions of the same country

Vernacular or common names

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Based mainly on latin language

Scientific names

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Gives reasons why we need for scientific names

-Vernacular names are not availabld for all the species known to man
-Vernacukat names are restricted in their usage and are applicable in a single or a fee languanges only
-Common names usually do not provide information indicating family or generuc relationship.l
-Many common named may exist for the same species in the same language in the same/different localities
-Two or more unrelated species are known by the same common name

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He introduced the conxept of binomaial nomeclature

Casper Bauhin(1623)

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He proposed the elementary rules of naming plants in his Ohilophia Botanica

Linnaeus (1737 and 1751)

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He set forth a detailed set of rules regarding plant nomenclature in his Theorie Elementaire de la Botanique

A. P. Candolle(1813)

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He provided latin names for all flowering plants known to him together with their synonyms

Steudel(1821)

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He convened the 1st botanical congress in 1867 in Paris

ALphomse de Candolle

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This was attended by botanists of several countries
This where they adopted a set of rules of plant nomenclature thaf mosy are proposed by candolle

1st botanical congress

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These execllent rules of plant nomenclature are known as

de Candolle Rules / Paris Code of 1867

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Rochester code

1892

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Vienna code

1905

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American code

1907 & 1910

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When and where fid the general aggreement on the internationally accepted rules of plant nomenclature was reached

1930

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He discussed the detailed histort of tge Cambridge code in 1951

Lawrence

ICBN was adopted by the 13th international botanical congress in Sydney australia in 1981 chaired by?

1983, E.G. Voss

When and where did the 15th IBC haopen

1993 in Tokyo

When and where St. Louis Code

St. Louis missouri USA in 1999

When and where Vienna code

Vienna asutri in 2005

When and where 18th IBC

2011 in Melbourne Australia

When and where 19th IBC

2017 in Shenzhen China

3 division or content of Bitanical Code

Principles Rules and reccomendations Provisions for the governance of the code

Give 3 preamble of ICBN(PPR)

-The Principles form the basis of the system of botanical nomenclature -The provisions regulating the governance of this code form its last division -The rules and recommendations apply to all organisms traditionally treated as plants, whether fossil or non-fossil

Give 3 principles of ICBN (BAN)

-Botanical nomenclature is indepent of zoological nomenclature -The applications of names of taxonomic group is determined by means of nomenclature type -The nomenclature of taxonomic grouo is based upon the priority of publication

Gives rules and reccomendation of ICBN

-Put the nomeclature of the past into order -names contratry to a recommendation cannot, on that account, be rejected, but they are not example to be followed -The last edition of the code supersedes all previous editoons (ICBN, 1983)

Formal system of naming soecies of living things by giving each a name composed of 2 parts

Binomial nomenclature

Name of the species

specific epithet

It is singular, always noun and written with a capitalized initial letter and remainder small

Generic name

Origin of generic name(SDPT)

-Several generic names mag be i honor of the names off well-known persons -They may be descriptive, with references to some common characteristics of the included species -They may be poetic or mythological origin -They may also be the aboriginal name of the plants

Where did the soecific epithwt derived from?

Common names Former generic names From a person's name

Gibes qualities of a specific epithet

-A name in honir of a person -Derived from geographical location -Originate feom an old common -Derived from some characteristics of the plant -Named arbitrarily

T/F The name of the species is incomplete if it is not followed by full or abbreviated name(s) of the author (s)

True

It is necessary becayse this will verify the date or time of the 1 st valid publocation of the same of a particylar

Citation

Give some important rules of nomenclature

1. Ranks and endings of txa 2. Principle of priority 3. The types method 4. Synonyms and related definitions 5. Citation of author 6.Names of cultivated plants 7. Latin Diagnosis 8. Effective and Valid Publication 9. Choice of Names when the taxon rank is changed 10. Choice of names when same-rank taxa are united 11. Retention of anme of divided taxa 12. Retention of namess of taxa in tansference 13. Rejection of names 14. Names of differe t taxa

How many ranks did the ICBN mentioned?

Each taxon must be known by its earliest legitimate name in the same rank

Principle of prioirity

A legal divice to provide the correct name for a taxon

The type method

Give the 8 types of method

1. Holotype 2. Isotype 3.Syntype 4. Paratype 5. lectorype 6. Neotype 7. Epitype 8. Topotype

A particular specimen or illustration designated by the author of the soecies to represent type of a species

Holotype

A specimen which is a duplicatr of the holotype. Collcted from the same place, at the same gime and by the same paersk

Isotype

Any one of the two or more specimens cited by the author when no holotypes was designated, or any one of the 2 or more specimens simlutaneously designated as types

Syntype

A specimen cited in the protologue that us neither the holotype nor asn isotype. Nor one of the syntypes if 2 or more specimens were silmutaneously designated as tyoes

Paratype

A specimen or any other element selected feom the original material coted by the author when no holotype was originally selected or when it no longer exists.

Lectotype

A specimen or illustration slected to serve as nomenclatural type as long as all of the material on which the name of the tacon was based is missing

Neotype

A specimen or illustration selected to serve as an interpretative tyle when the holotype, lectoctype, or previously designated neotype, or all oroginal material associatrd with a validly published name

Epitype

It is oftern the name given to a specimen collected fromt he same locality from which the holotype was orignally collected

Topotype

A name rejected due to misuse or difference in taxonomic jugedment

Synonyms

A specific or intraspecific name which has priority and is retained when transferred to anew taxon

Basionym

In case of 2 or more identical names based on different typez of which only one can br a legitematr name

Homonym

Illegitimate binomial in which the name of the genus and the name of the soecies is same

Tautonym

Give the 7 types of citatiom of author

1. Original/single author 2. Joint author 3. Rank alteration 4. Name proposal 5. Use of in 6. Use of emend 7. Use of square brackets

Taxon can be said incomplete without the full or abbreviated form of the author who1st validly published the concerned name

Original /single author

If 2 authors the names of both authors should be cited and linked by the words et or &

Joint author

Qhwn a taxon of lower rank is upgraded i. Higher rank but retains its name, the author's name who py lished it first should be citef in a bracket and followed bg the name of the author who made the alteration

Rank alteration

When the name of a taxon is proposed but not validly published by one author, and is later on validly pu lished by another, the word ex ahould be used as coonecting link betèween the name of the former aufhkr and the name of the subsequent author

Name proposal

The names of authors are linked using in when the 1 st author published a new soecies or a name in a publication of another author

Use of in

Person making the correction yse when the second author makes some cjanhes in the diagnosus or in circumscription of a taxon without aktering the type

Use of emend

To indicate prestarting point author

Use of square bracket

T/F Wild plants brought ubder cultivation retain their original name

True

It is either preceded qith cv.

Names of cultivated plangs