Unit 1 Flashcards
1
Q
It documents the history of life
A
Fossil record
2
Q
Change over time
A
Evolution
3
Q
Factor that give way for an evolutiom
A
Enviromment
4
Q
Organism that has a backbone
A
Vertebratez
5
Q
3 fossil recodd that shows/prove that macro evolution happened before
A
EIO
Emergence of terrestrial vertebrates
Impact of mass extinction
Origin of fligjt in birds
6
Q
Large changes over time
A
Macroevolutionary
7
Q
A kind of bird, and the anscestors of birds
A
Cyroloposaurus
8
Q
Give a key events in life’s history
A
Origin of unicellular and multicellular organisms
Colonization of land
9
Q
What are the things that are present during the early earth that are non-living things
A
Chemical and Physical processes
10
Q
4 stages when thw very simple cells may have been produced by the chemical and physical properties?
A
AJPO
Abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules
Joining of theses small molecules into a macromolecules
Packaging of molecules into protocells
Origin of self-replicating molecules
11
Q
Environment before was _____
A
CHAOTIC
12
Q
How many years earth and the rest of the solar system was formed
A
4.6 billion years ago
13
Q
Effects of Bombardmebt of earth by rocks and ice
A
Vaporized water
Prevent the formation of seas
14
Q
Years before the bombardment pf earth
A
4.2 to 3.9 billion years ago
15
Q
Energy that are present in the early earth’s athmosphere
A
Thunderstorm
Lighting
Meteors
16
Q
Give a chemicals released by the volcanic eruption that are present during the early earth
A
Nitrogen
Nitrogen oxide
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Ammonia
Hydrogen
Hydrogen sulfide
17
Q
2 people that hyphothesized that the early earth was a reducinv environment and what year
A
Oparin
Haldane
18
Q
2 people that conducted a lab experiment that proved the hyphothezis of Oparin and Haldane that the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules are possible in a reducing environment
A
Stanley Miller
Harold Urey
19
Q
Little or no free oxygen dissolved
A
Reducing environment
20
Q
Due to a lack of evidence for a reducing environment, it was said that the 1st organic molecules may have been synthesize where?
A
Near the volcanoes and deep-sea vents
21
Q
T/F
Miller-Urey type experiments demonstrate that organic molecules cannot formed with various possible athmospheres
A
False
22
Q
It is rich in Carbon
A
Amino acids
23
Q
They have been found in meteorites
A
Amino acids
24
Q
Discovery of amino acids in meteorites proved what
A
proved the hyphothesis/experiments of Oparin and Haldane
25
1st to came before DNA
RNA
26
They prpduced spontaneously from simple molecules
RNA monomers
27
They polymerize in rocks
RNA monomers
28
Small organice molecules polymerize when they are concentrated on_____
Hot sand
Clay
Rock
29
Fluid-filled vesicles with a membrane-like structure
Protocells
30
Key properties of life that may have appeared together
Replication
Metabolism
31
It is not a cell as it has no organelle and it is not a loving organism
Protocells
32
In ____,_____ and _____ can spontaneously form vesucles with a lipid bilayer
Water
Lipid
Other organic molecules
33
It occurs for about a million or billion years
Natural selection
34
It increase the rate of vesicle formation
Clay
35
Vesicles exhibit what
Simple reproduction and metabolism
36
Vesicle maintain what
Internal chemical environment
37
1st genetic material
RNA
38
They act as ___ for reproduction
Ribozymes
39
It has been yo catalyze many different reactions
RNA
40
It has the fastest replication
RNA
41
It produced a self-replicating RNA molecules
Natural selection
42
The 1st genetic system
RNA world
43
They could have been protocells
Vesicles with RNA capable of replication
44
It is more stable than RNA
DNA
45
Fossil record reveals what
Changes in the history of life
46
Thay are deposited into layers called strata
Sedimentary rock
47
Layers of sedimentary rock
Strata
48
They are the richest rouce of fossils
Sedimentary rock
49
Oldest fossil
Fossilized stromatolite
50
T/F
Most of the individules have fossilized
False
51
T/F
even fewer have been discovered
True
52
Fossil record is biased in favor of species that (EWH)
Existed for a long time
Were abundant and wides spread
Had hard parts
53
They found tiktaalik
Paleontologist
54
Early terrestrial vertebrate to land
Tiktaalik
55
Human 1st transitional fossil
Tiktaalik
56
It reavel the relative ages of fossils
Sedimentary strata
57
Used to determine the absoulte ages of fossils
Radiometric dating
58
Used to date sedimentary rock layers above and velow the fossil
Isotopes
59
Isotopes has what?
Half-lige
60
Radiocarbon dating can be used to date fossils up to ____
75k years old
61
Mammals are belong to what group
Tetrapods
62
It is divided into the archaean
Geologic record
63
2kinds of geologic record
Proterozoic
Phanerozoic eons
64
It encompasses multicellular eukaryotic life
Phanerozoic
65
3 eras of phanerozoic
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
66
6 periods in Paleozoic
Permian
Carboniferous
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
67
3 periods in Mesozoic
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
68
3 periods in Cenozoic
Quarternary
Neogene
Paleogene
69
Mahor boundaries between geological divisions corresponds to what
Extinction events
70
It is formed by the accumulation of sedimentary layers on bacterial mats
Stromatolites rocks
71
Stromatolotes date back ___
3.5 billiom years ago
72
They were the earth' sole inhabitants from 3.5 to about 2.1 billion years ago
Prokaryotes
73
O2 is produced by ____
Oxygenic photosynthesis
74
By about 2.7 billiom years ago, O2 began ____
Accumulating in the athmosphere and rusting iron
75
Rich terrestrial rocks
Rusting iron
76
It causes the extinction of many prokaryotic groups
Oxygen revolution
77
How some prokayotic group adapated and survied
They used cellular respiration to harvest energy
78
Type of bacteria that first came to earth
Anaerobic
79
The early rise in O2 was likely caused by ___
Ancient cynobacteria
80
A later increase in the rise of O2 might have been caused by the
Evolution of eukaryoyic cells containing chloroplasts
81
Oldest fossils of eukaryotic cells date back ___
2.1 billiom years
82
Parts of eukaryotic
Nuclear envelope
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cutoskeleton
83
Process that mitochondria and plastids were formely dmall prokaryotes living withim larger host cells
Endosymbiont theory
84
Cells that lives witjim a host cell
Endosymbiont
85
They can reproduce because they have their own set up of mechanism
Mitochondria and plastids
86
Prokaryostic ancestors of mitochondria and plastids probabyl gained entry to the host cell as ___
Undigested prey or internal parasites
87
Suppose that mitochondria evolved before plastids through a sequence of endosymbiotic events
Serial endosymbiosis
88
4 key evidence that supports an endosymbiotic orogim of mitochondria and plastids
1. Inner membrane are similar to the plasma membrane of prokaryotes
2. Division is similar in these organells and some prokaryotes
3. These organelle cN transcribe and translate their own dna
4.ribosomes are more similar to prokaryotics than the eukaryotic ribosomes
89
Allowed for a greater range of unicellular forms
Evolution of eukaryotic cells
90
Give rise to algae, plants, fungi and animals
Multicellularity
91
Oldest know fossils of multicellular eukaryotes that lived about 1.2 billion years ago
Small algae
92
Periods of extreme glaciation
Snowball earth
93
Confined life to the eqyatorial region or deep-sea vents
Snowball earth-periods of extreme glaciation
94
Assemblage of larger and more diverse sof5-bodied organisms
Ediacaran biota
95
Sudden appearance of fossils resembling modern animal phyla
Cambrian explosion
96
Cambrian explosion is the 1st evidence of what
Predator-prey interactions
97
T/f
DNA analysrd suggesy that few animaly phyla diverged before the cambrian explosion
False
98
It suggested that the xambrian explosipn had a long fused
Chinese fossils
99
They began to colonized the land aboir 500 million years ago
Plants
Fungi
Animals
100
They are the most widespread and diverse land animals
Arthropods and tetrapods
101
Evolved from a lobe-finnes fishes around 365 million years ago
Tetrapods
102
3 times when the super continent was formed
1.1 billion years ago
600 milliom years ago
250 milliom years ago
103
Earth' crust is composed of what
Plate floating in the mantle
104
Tectonic plates move slowly through the process of ___
Continental drift
105
3 moves of oceanic and continental plates
Collide- Convergent
Separate- Divergent
Slide past each other- Transform
106
Effects of the interaction between plates
Formation of mountain, island and earthquakes
107
Supercontinent is called ___
Pangea
108
Effects of the formation of pangea
Deepening of oceans basins
Reduction on shallow water habitat
Colder and Drier climate in lands
109
Give example of effectf of continental drift
Climate change as the continent moves north or south
Separation of land causes for allopatric speciation
110
It is a geographical isolation
Allopatric speciation
111
Extinction can cause by ____
Changes in the species' environment
112
The rate of extinction has increased dramticall and caused a ___
Mass extinction
113
Result of disruptive global environmental changes
Mass extinction
114
In each of the 5 mass extinctiom events, more than ___ of earth's species became extinct
50%
115
Extiction of avout 96% of marine animal species
Permian mass extinction
116
How long when the permian mass extinctio occured
Less than 5 milliom years ago
117
It creates boundary betweek the paleozoic and mesozoic eras
Permian mass extinction
118
How long since the permian mass extinction happened
251 milliom years ago
119
Factors that could have affect the permian mass extinction(IGRO)
Intense volcanism in what is now siberia
Global warming resulted from the emmision of large amount of CO2 from the volcanoes
Reduced temperature gradient from equator to poles
Oceanic anoxia from reduced mixing of oceanic waters
120
How long since the Cretaceous mass extinction happened
65 million years ago
121
Causes for the separation of Mesozoic and Cenozoic era
Cretaceous mass extinction
122
What are the organism that because extinct in Cretaceous mass extinction
Half of all marined species
Many terrestrial plants and animals
Most dinosaurs
123
Presence of ___ in ___ suggests a meteorite kmpact about 65 million years ago
Iridium
Sedimentary rock
124
____ caysed by the impact would have ___ and ____
Dust cloud
Blocked sunlight
Disturbed global climate
125
An evidence that proved the meteorite that causes for the cretaceous mass extinction
Chicxulub crater
126
Location of Chicxulub crater
Coast of mexico
127
What is the current rate for the 6th mass extinction
100 to 1000 times the typical background rate
128
What causes for the extinction rate to increase
When the global temperatures increases
129
Give 4 consequences of a mass extinction
Alter the ecological communites
It is about 5 to 100 milliom years for a diversity to recover
The permian and cretaceous mass extinction left an increase of the percentage of predators
It paved way for an adaptive radiation
130
Evolutiom of a animal/plant grohp into a wide variety of types adapted to a specialized modes of life
Adaptive radiation
131
Evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestors
Adaptive radiation
132
Adapative radiation follows:
Mass extinction
Evolutiom of novel characteristic
Colonization of new regions
133
2 types of adaptive radiatiom
Worldwide adaptive radiation
Regional adaptive radiation
134
Mammals underwent an adaptive radiation after the___
Exntinction of terrestrial dinosaurs
135
The disappearance of dinosaurs (except birds) allowed for the
Expansion of mammals in diversity and size
