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Human Geography > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Society

A

A group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity, and a culture

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1
Q

What is culture?

A

The total knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of a specific group

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2
Q

Ethnic group

A

Has an identity as a separate group of people within the region where they live

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3
Q

Innovation

A

Taking technology that already exists to create something new to solve a problem

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4
Q

Acculturation

A

Occurs when a society changes because it accepts or adopts an innovation

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5
Q

Diffusion

A

The spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior

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6
Q

Cultural divergence

A

Cultures become increasingly different over time

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7
Q

Cultural hearth

A

A place from which innovations spread to many different cultures

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8
Q

Dialect

A

Change in speech patterns due to location, class, or other cultural changes

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9
Q

Religion

A

The belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power

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10
Q

Judaism

A
  • Originated Middle East (Israel/Palestine)
  • monotheistic
  • afterlife
  • Abraham
  • Second Temple, Western Wall
  • Synagogue, pray, Torah
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11
Q

Christianity

A
  • Middle East (Israel/Palestine)
  • monotheistic (God/Holy Spirit/Jesus)
  • afterlife
  • Abraham, Paul
  • Church, Bible, pray
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12
Q

Islam

A
  • Middle East (Palestine, Saudi Arabia)
  • monotheistic
  • afterlife
  • Abraham, Allah, Muhammad
  • Mecca, Medina
  • mousqe, Qur’an, 5 Pillars of Faith
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13
Q

Buddhism

A
  • India
  • no personal god
  • reincarnation/karma
  • lead moral life, meditate, gain wisdom
  • Siddhartha Gautama
  • Lumbuni, Bodhgaya, Saranth, Kushiarna
  • diversity in worship
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14
Q

Hinduism

A
  • Pakistan
  • monotheistic
  • reincarnation
  • Sri Shankaracharya
  • Uttar Prade, Varanasi
  • Diwali, Holi
  • Vedie Texts, no set scripture
  • diversity in worship
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15
Q

Sikhism

A
  • India/Pakistan
  • monotheistic
  • reincarnation/karma
  • Guru Nanak, 10 other gurus
  • Gurdwara, Diwali, baptism, Five K’s, Guru Granth Sahiv
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16
Q

Birthrate

A

Number of live births per 1000 people

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17
Q

Fertility rate

A

Average number of children a woman will have in her lifetime

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18
Q

Mortality rate

A

Number of deaths per 1000 people

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19
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

The death rate during the first year of life

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20
Q

Rate of natural increase

A

Birthrate minus mortality rate equals natural increase/decrease

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21
Q

Literacy rate

A

Percentage of people over 15 that can read or write

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22
Q

Population pyramids

A

Chart that shows the sex and age distribution of a population

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23
Q

Stage one population pyramid

A

High birth rates and high death rates with little to no population growth

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24
Q

Stage two population pyramid

A

High birthrates and lower death rates with increase in total population

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25
Q

Stage three population pyramid

A

Lower birthrates and lower death rates with decrease in slowed growth in total population

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26
Q

Stage four population pyramid

A

Low birthrates and low death rates with very slow or negative population growth

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27
Q

Population distribution

A

Why people live in certain places and not others

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28
Q

Habitable lands

A

Fair climate and access to water

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29
Q

Push/pull factors

A

Factors that cause people to want to move and where

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30
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Amount of people the land can support

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31
Q

Urban geography

A

The study of how people use the space around them

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32
Q

Suburbs

A

Smaller cities or towns that develop next to a city, or next to another suburb

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33
Q

Exurb

A

A town that still has space between the next suburb

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34
Q

Metropolitan Aera

A

Cities, suburbs, and exurbs that make up an area

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35
Q

Megalopolis

A

Two or more metropolitan areas that have grown together

36
Q

Urbanization

A

Trend throughout the world to move to cities

37
Q

City location

A

Near natural resources and transportation

38
Q

Types of land use

A

Residential, industrial, and commercial

39
Q

Central business district (CBD)

A

Core of the city

40
Q

Ring theory

A

Small, organized city that has ring-shaped districts

41
Q

Sector theory

A

A city developed in sections

42
Q

Multiple nuclei theory

A

Unorganized city developed in sectors

43
Q

Urban sprawl

A

A city continues to expand outward with little thought or planning

44
Q

Smart growth

A

Revitalizing the city from the inside

45
Q

Population density

A

A measurement of population per unit area or unit volume

46
Q

Slum

A

A squalid and overcrowded urban street or district inhabited by very poor people

47
Q

State

A

An area with a political boundary (country)

48
Q

Nation

A

Compromised of a group of people that share a territory, identity, and a strong sense of unity

49
Q

Nation-state

A

When a nation and state occupy the same territory

50
Q

Stateless nation

A

When a nation does not have an official territory

51
Q

Natural boundaries

A

Created by physical environment

52
Q

Artificial boundaries

A

Made up by people

53
Q

Government

A

Control and administration of a public policy in a political unit

54
Q

Democracy

A

People hold the power

55
Q

Monarchy

A

Ruling family headed by king or queen

56
Q

Dictatorship

A

Individual or group that has all the power

57
Q

Communism

A

Government and economic system. All political power and means of production are held by the government

58
Q

Junta

A

Military led form of government

59
Q

Oligarchy

A

ruled by a group of very powerful people

60
Q

Theocracy

A

Ruled by a religious leader and usually governed by religious law

61
Q

Economics

A

The study of how individuals, businesses, and states make things, buy things, spend money and save money

62
Q

Infrastructure

A

Economic support system

63
Q

Goods

A

Things people make

64
Q

Services

A

Things that people do for others

65
Q

Levels of economic activity

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

66
Q

Primary economic activity

A

Mainly raw materials

67
Q

Secondary economic activity

A

Processing and manufacturing

68
Q

Tertiary economic activity

A

Business and professional services

69
Q

Quaternary economic activity

A

Information and intellectual services

70
Q

Subsistence agriculture

A

Grows for their needs only

71
Q

Commercial agriculture

A

Grows and sells in massive amounts

72
Q

Cottage industry

A

Small scale manufacturing

73
Q

Commercial industry

A

Large scale manufacturing

74
Q

Traditional economy

A
  • Trade/barter is common
  • no money exchanged
  • usually based in subsistence agriculture and cottage industry
  • custom and tradition determine many aspects
75
Q

Free enterprise (capitalism, free market, market)

A
  • Supply and demand
  • Limited government interference
  • commercial agriculture and industry
76
Q

Command economy

A
  • Cooperation instead if competition
  • government controlled
  • creates a lack of incentives
77
Q

Socialism (mixed economy)

A
  • most important goods producing businesses are government controlled
  • smaller businesses are privately owned
  • goal is to fairly distribute income
  • basic needs are met through free or low cost services
78
Q

Natural resources

A

Comes from the earth, can be used in commerce as a good

79
Q

Renewable resources

A

Resources from the earth that can be replaced

80
Q

Nonrenewable resources

A

Natural resources that are irreplaceable or hard to replace

81
Q

Inexhaustible resources

A

Something that will always be around

82
Q

Per capita income

A

Entire income of population divided by each individual

83
Q

Gross national product (GNP)

A

Tells how much a country makes within the entire world

84
Q

Gross domestic product (GDP)

A

Tells how much a country makes

85
Q

Land locked

A

Almost or entirely surrounded by land; having no coastline or sea port

86
Q

Economic system

A

The system of production, distribution, and consumption

87
Q

Population paradox

A

Developed countries have a declining population while under developed countries have an increasing population

Human Geography (19 decks)

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