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Human Geography > Latin America Unit > Flashcards

Latin America Unit Flashcards

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0
Q

Terraced farming

A

A farming method in which steep hillsides are fashioned into a step-like series of level terraces

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1
Q

Slash and burn agriculture

A

An agricultural technique that involves cutting and burning of forests to create fields

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2
Q

Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)

A

A Mexican political party that held power in the country

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3
Q

Mestizo

A

A mixed race consisting the Spaniard race and the American Indian race

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4
Q

Immigration

A

The action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country

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5
Q

Emigration

A

To leave one’s own country in order to settle permanently in another

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6
Q

Maquiladora

A

A factory in Mexico run by a foreign company and exporting its products to the country of that company

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7
Q

Panama Canal

A

A canal across Panama that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

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8
Q

Informal economy

A

A part of an economy that is not taxed, monitored, or included in GNP

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9
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

A treaty that divided the newly discovered lands between Portugal and Spain

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10
Q

Pampas

A

Treeless plains in South America

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11
Q

Llanos

A

A treeless, grassy plain

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12
Q

Amazon River

A

A major South American River; the world’s second longest river

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13
Q

Deforestation

A

Clearing an area of forests or trees

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14
Q

Global warming

A

A gradual increase in the overall temperature of earth’s atmosphere

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15
Q

Debt for nature swap

A

A transaction in which a foreign exchange debt is transferred to another organization on the condition that the country use local currency for a designated purpose

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16
Q

Oligarchy

A

A small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution

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17
Q

Junta

A

A military or political group that rules a country after taking power by force

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18
Q

Caudillo

A

A military or political leader

19
Q

Land reform

A

The statutory division of agricultural land and its reallocation to landless people

20
Q

Income gap

A

Economic inequality is the difference between individuals or populations in the distribution of their assets, wealth, or income

21
Q

Mercosur

A

A customs union between Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay

22
Q

Why is Latin America called ‘Latin’?

A

Latin is the root language for Spanish and Portuguese

23
Q

What are the subregions of Latin America?

A

Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, and South America

24
Q

What are the two peninsulas of Mexico?

A

Baja California and Yucatan

25
Q

What creates the mountain barrier in central Mexico?

A

Occidental Sierra Madre and Oriental Sierra Madre

26
Q

Mesoamerica

A

A cultural region that extends from central Mexico through part of Central America

27
Q

What are the Native civilizations that inhabited Central America?

A

Olmec, Maya, Toltec, and Aztec

28
Q

When did Mexico gain independence from Spain?

A

1821

29
Q

What type of government does Mexico have?

A

Federal republic

30
Q

Who is the president of Mexico?

A

Enrique Pena Nieto

31
Q

How often are elections held for presidency in Mexico?

A

Every 6 years

32
Q

What type of economy does Mexico have?

A

Mixed-free market economy

33
Q

What is the unemployment rate for Mexico?

A

5.5%

34
Q

What are some current issues in Mexico?

A

Income gap, emigration, drug cartels, and government corruption

35
Q

What are some important physical features in Central America?

A

Isthmus of Panama and rugged highlands

36
Q

Cultural crossroads

A

A place where different cultures interact

37
Q

What two cultures are found in Central America?

A

Maya and Spanish

38
Q

When did the United Provinces of Central America split?

A

1830s

39
Q

What country in Central America was a formal British colony?

A

Belize

40
Q

Archipelago

A

Cluster of islands

41
Q

What cultures influenced the Caribbean?

A

Native, European, and African

42
Q

What is the only communist nation in the Western Hemisphere?

A

Cuba

43
Q

What are some examples of extreme weather in the Caribbean?

A

Hurricanes and earthquakes

44
Q

What cultures influenced South America?

A

Incan, European, and African

45
Q

What did Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin do?

A

Helped countries in South America gain independence

46
Q

What are some environmental issues in South America?

A

Deforestation, slash and burn agriculture, loss of biodiversity, and climate regulation

Human Geography (19 decks)

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