Unit 1B Sec 1- Sleep/Wake Cycle and Ciradian Rhythm

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

The state of being aware of an able to perceive one starts feelings, sensations and surroundings. Involves various levels from alert, wakefulness to altered stress, such as sleep or meditation.

Question 2

Circadian rhythm

Answer 2

Natural internal process that regulates to sleep weight cycle and repeat about every 24 hours. Influences patterns of alertness, hormone release, body temperature, and other physiological processes.

Question 3

NREM stage one

Answer 3

This is the first stage of non-rapid eye movement, sleep characterized by drifting in and out of sleep that only lasts for a few minutes.
- the brain waves, slow down, muscles relax, and individuals may experience sudden muscle contractions known as hypnic jerks

Question 4

Hypnic jerks

Answer 4

Sudden muscle contractions; may happen during NREM stage 1 sleep

Question 5

NREM stage two

Answer 5

This is the second stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep characterized by light sleep, and it last for about 20 minutes
- brain waves slow down further, And spindles(short bursts of brain activity) and K-complexes( sudden sharp waveforms) appear.

Question 6

Sleep spindles

Answer 6

Short bursts of brain activity; occur during NREM stage two sleep

Question 7

Sleep spindles

Answer 7

Short bursts of brain activity; occur during NREM stage two

Question 8

K-complexes

Answer 8

Sudden, sharp wave forms; occur during NREM stage two sleep

Question 9

NREM stage three

Answer 9

This is the deepest stage of non- rapid eye movement sleep by the presence of predominately delta
- uses restoration of resources, which is the process during sleep where the body and brain, replenish energy, repair tissues, and remove waste, products, promoting physical and mental well-being

Question 10

Restoration of resources

Answer 10

The process during sleep where the body and brain we replenish energy, repair tissues, and remove waste products, promoting physical and mental well-being; Occurs during NREM stage 3 sleep

Question 11

REM(Rapid eye movement) sleep

Answer 11

A stage of sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreams, and muscle paralysis
- Associated with increased brain activity, including dreaming, and plays a role and memory consultation and emotional processing

Question 12

REM rebound

Answer 12

This is the phenomenon where the body increases the time spent in REM sleep after a period of REM deprivation sleep
- occurs as a compensatory response to to the lack of REM sleep, often resulting in more intense and frequent REM sleep episodes

Question 13

Activation synthesis (dreams)

Answer 13

This is a theory proposing that dreams are the result of random neural activity in the brainstem during REM sleep, and is then interpreted and synthesized by cerebral cortex into a narrative/ story.

Question 14

Consolidation theory (dreams)

Answer 14

Suggesting that dreams, play a role in the memory consolidation and processing of memories
- During sleep the brain organizes and integrates info acquired through the day, contributing to memory storage and learning.

Question 15

Insomnia

Answer 15

This is a sleep disorder, characterized by difficulty, falling asleep, staying awake, or experiencing restorative sleep, leading to daytime, impairments such as:
attitude, mood disturbances, and decreased cognitive function

Question 16

Narcolepsy

Answer 16

Sleep disorder, characterized by excessive daytime, sleepiness, sudden episodes of muscle weakness( cataplexy), sleep paralysis, and hallucinations during sleep, onset or awakening

Question 17

Sleep apnea

Answer 17

This is a sleep disorder, characterized by pauses in breathing or shallow breathing during sleep
- leading to:
Disrupted sleep patterns, daytime fatigue and other health problems

Question 18

REM sleep behavior disorder

Answer 18

This is a sleep disorder where individuals physically act out their dreams during REM sleep
- Can cause injury to themselves or others due to loss of muscle paralysis

Question 19

Somnambulism

Answer 19

Sleep disorder, commonly known at sleepwalking, characterized by walking or performing other activities while still asleep
- Typically occurs during non-REM sleep stages
- can result in injuries or accidents

Question 20

Jet lag

Answer 20

A temporary disruption of the bodies circadian rhythm because of rapid travel across multiple time zones
- Can result in fatigue, sleep disturbances , difficulty concentrating as the body adjusts to the new time zone

Question 21

Shift work

Answer 21

Employment schedule that require working outside typical daytime hours, often disrupting the bodies natural circadian rhythm
- can lead to sleep disturbances, fatigue, increased risk of health problems due to the mismatch between work hours and the bodies internal clock.