Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

R.Scott PMA Midterm 2 > Unit 17-chapter 13+16 > Flashcards

Unit 17-chapter 13+16 Flashcards

1
Q

virulent means

A

strength or ability of pathogen to produce disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely mimic the signs and symptoms of an acute ischemic stroke?

A

hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Migraine headaches are thought to be caused by:

A

changes in blood vessel size within the base of the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does Lamictal and dilantin treat

A

seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does SARS look like and do

A

SARS is caused by a virus and usually starts with flulike symptoms that deteriorate to pneumonia and respiratory failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

A

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

________________ is a disorder of the brain in which blood flow to a portion of the brain is suddenly disrupted, resulting in brain cell death.

A

Cerebral infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A degenerative cerebral disease is an example of a(n) ______________ cause of a seizure.

A

structural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

syphilis is a STD, but also a ___ disease

can be treated within 24-28 hrs with __

creates lesions called __

A

blood-borne

Penicillin

chancre- on genitals usually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

common early symptoms of meningitis

A

fever, headache, stiff neck and altered LOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

whooping cough is an airborne disease caused by __

AKA

A

bacteria

pertussis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

t or false

MSRA are resistant to antibiotics and are commonly passed around in health care setting due to poor hand washing

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MRSA more likely when-

incubation period

A

long term hospital stays in ICU, exposure to infected person, antibiotic therapy

5-45 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

central nervous system is responsible for

A

thought perception feeling and autonomic body functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

peripheral nervous system is responsible for

A

transmits commands from the brain to the body and receives feedback from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 major parts of brain and what they primarily do

A

cerebrum- right and left hemisphere - controls opposite side of body

- front of cerebrum- emotion and thought
 - middle - touch and movement
- back- sight
 - left side- speech

cerebellum- muscle and body function

brain stem- basic function control- breathing , BP, swallow , pupil constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

12 cranial nerves running directly to

A

parts of the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

complex activity in the brain is made possible by

A

synapses

present wherever a cell terminates and “connects” to next cell via chemical neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

following a stroke , dead cells are called

A

infarcted cells

20
Q

interruption of cerebral blood flow may result because of -3

A

thrombus- clot developed locally
arterial rupture
cerebral embolism - clot from somewhere else

21
Q

two main types of strokes

A

ischemic and hemorrhagic ( arterial rupture )

22
Q

patients are at higher risk for hemorrhagic stroke who have ___

A

poorly managed hypertension

23
Q

what is an aneurysm

common signs-2

A

enlargement of artery due to weak wall

“worst headache “ or rapid LOC change ( ICP)

24
Q

when a hemorrhagic stroke occurs in a healthy person its called

A

berry aneurysm - subarachnoid hemorrhage - bizarre vital signs

25
Q

what is happening if the brain herniates

A

ICP has forced brain down to brainstem / hole in head

26
Q

skull ( cranial vault is filled with 3 substances )

A

brain , blood and CSF

27
Q

stroke symptoms that disappear in 24 hours is called

A

transient ischemic stroke ( TIA )

28
Q

left hemisphere problems include

A
  • paralysis on right side of body
  • aphasia - cant produce or understand speech)
    - trouble understanding - receptive
    - trouble producing - expressive
29
Q

right hemisphere problems include

A

paralysis on left side of body

- dysarthia - slurred speech

30
Q

what is stroke “ neglect “

A
  • oblivious to problem
  • neglect certain parts of vision- cant see on that side
  • delay seeking help
31
Q

what do seizures involve

A

sudden, erratic firing of neurons

32
Q

seizures can be classified as either

A

generalized ( large portion of brain ) or partial ( limited area of brain )

33
Q

generalized seizures are - 2

A

tonic- clonic or absence

34
Q

7 steps of tonic-clonic seizure

A 
1- aura
2- Loss of consciousness
3- tonic - rigid
4- hypertonic- arched back and rigid
5- clonic- contractions
6- post seizure - major muscles relax
7- postictal- brain relaxes- asphasic ( unable to speak)
35
Q

absence seizures have

A

little to no movement, common in child, few secs

36
Q

simple partial seizures involve-

A

altered sensations or involve movement in one part of body

- may spr ead from one part to another in wave

37
Q

complex partial seizures

A

-subtle changes in LOC
- confused , dizzy
usually doesn’t go unresponsive

38
Q

during seizure, neurons are in hypermetabolic state meaning

A

huge amounts of glucose are used and produce lactic acid

39
Q

5 common causes of seizures

A

congenital ( epilepsy ), structural , metabolic (chemical issue ), febrile, idiopathic( unknown reason )

40
Q

what mnemonic can be used to obtain pertinent history regarding seizures

A 
F- focus ( generalized or focal )
A- Activity ( type of movement )
C- color or cocaine
T- Time ( how long )
S- Secondary info ( events leading, medication, incontinence ?)
41
Q

what is
decorticate posturing
decerebrate posturing

A

decorticate- flexs/ curls arms to core, points toes

decerebrate- arms outward and rotate lower arm, point toes

42
Q

what kind of drug can be given to stroke to “break up” clot

A

fibrinolytic drug- within 3 hrs

43
Q

is pt has had stroke , how should you lay them

A

paralyzed side down, pt head elevated 6”

44
Q

stroke acronym

A

F- facial droop
A- arm weakness
S- slurred speech
T- time since occurrence

45
Q

write out glascow coma scale

A 
Eyes- spontaneous
        - voice
        - pain
        - none
Mouth- orientated
        - disorientated
        - inappropriate words
        - incomprehensible sounds
        - nothing
Move- obey command
          - localize pain
          - withdraws from pain 
          - flexion ( decorticate )
          - extension ( decerebrate )
         - nothing
46
Q

hypercalcemia

hypocalcemia

A

hyper- excess calcium in blood - slowing of muscles, heart rate etc
hypo- normally controls neurons firing leads to muscle spams, heart contractions happen, seizures

47
Q

hyperkalemia

A

potassium out of cell, hydrogen ion into cell when acidosis, resulting in to much potassium in blood, can effect repolarziation in skeletal and cardiac muscles, slowing or arrhythmia

R.Scott PMA Midterm 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions