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R.Scott PMA Midterm 2 > Unit 10 - Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Unit 10 - Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

all medications are poisonous if

A

given to wrong pt or in wrong quantities

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2
Q

what gives you the specifics about a drug

A

drug profile

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3
Q

pharmacology
drugs
dose

A
  • study of the effects of drugs and medication on the body
  • chemical agents used to diagnosis, treat or prevent disease
  • amount of medication given
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4
Q 
define
action
intended effect
unintended effects
untoward effects
toxicity
A
  • is the therapeutic effect
  • effect that is expected on the body
  • effects that are undesirable but pose little risk to pt
  • effects that are harmful to pt
  • risk that substance will pose a health hazard to individual
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5
Q

what are the 7 R’s

and 3 C’s and E

A

right person, drug, dose, time, route, documentation, right to refuse

concentration, clarity and color, expiration

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6
Q

drugs are derived from 4 things

A

animal, vegetable , mineral and synthetic

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7
Q

define trade name vs generic vs chemical vs official

A

trade- brand name from manufacturer
generic- usually its original chemical name
chemical- precise description in chemical composition
official- name given by USP

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8
Q

what is the controlled substance act

how are they classified

A

comprehensive legislation dealing with drugs that have a potential for abuse

1-5 , 1 being the highest

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9
Q

sources of drug information

A 
cpc
physicians desk reference
hospital forumary
drug inserts
drug evaluations
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10
Q

for a drug to carry a USP label , how much active ingredient must their be

A

95-105 %

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11
Q

average time for a drug to be tested and approved

A

9 years

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12
Q

what is a teratrogenic drug

A

drug that poses a risk to normal development of unborn fetus

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13
Q

how canada rates risk of drugs on pregnancy

A

A-no documented risk
B, no effect animals, not enough tests on humans
C effect on animals, not tested on humans
D- danger to fetus is noted, but may be outweigh risk
X- Adverse effects clear

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14
Q

it is best to withhold pharmacologic treatment when pregnant unless life threatening, when in doubt:

A

contact medical control

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15
Q

young infants have a sharply:

A

reduced metabolic rate

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16
Q

medication is pediatric pts is usually based on

A

body surface area and weight

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17
Q

children many require what with drugs ( 2 )

A

more frequent administration

relatively higher doses

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18
Q

taking several medications can

A

have an effect on mental status

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19
Q

scope of practice with medication states

A

you are morally, ethically and legally responsible to know each drug you administer

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20
Q

how are drugs classified

A

by the effect they have on the body

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21
Q

drugs can be classified by ( 3 )

A 
body system
class of agent
mechanism of action
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22
Q

sympathetic nervous system is AKA

A

adrenergic

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23
Q

what are the alpha and beta response

A

alpha 1- peripheral vasoconstriction
alpha 2- peripheral vasodilation ( little or no bronchoconstriction)
beta 1- increased HR
beta 2- bronchodilation and vasodilation

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24
Q

what are sympathomimetics

A

drugs that mimic effect of sympathetic nervous system

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25
Q

what medications inhibit the sympathetic nervous system and other name

A

sympatholytics ( antiadrenergics )

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26
Q

drugs that bind to a receptor and cause a response are called

A

agonists

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27
Q

drugs that counteract the action of something else are called

A

antagonists

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28
Q

what do beta blockers do

used to control

A

block beta responses

blood pressure and heart rhythm disturbances in others

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29
Q

agonists to the parasympathetic system are called

A

parasympathomimetics

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30
Q

antagonist to the parasympathetic system are called
also called
block what two receptors

A

parasympatholytics
anti-cholinergics
muscarinic and nicotinic

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31
Q

with excessive cholinergics , pt mass experiences

A

SLUDGE

32
Q

what is a powerful parasympatholytic

A

atropine

Eg- excessive bradycardia or exposure to organophosphates

33
Q

what normally binds to cholinergic receptors

A

acetylcholine ( ACh)

34
Q

most common type of analgesis in pre-hopital

A

opoid agoinst , CNS depressant

35
Q

what are some non-opioid analgesics

A

salicylates ( aspirin )
NSAIDS - inprofen
para-aminophenol deriatives ( tylonel )

36
Q

what do opioid antagoinists do

A

reverse effects of opioid drug

37
Q

why are opiod agonist- antagoinists preffered

A

reduce pain but dont deminish function of respiratory system or lead to addiciton

38
Q

drugs that help pts through surgery , medical procedure

some examples

A

antianxiety , sedative, hypnotic

benzodiazepines , barbiturates

39
Q

what is a seizure in general terms

examples of anticonvulsants

A

state of neurological hypersensitivity

benzo, barb, hydantoins, valporic

40
Q

stimulants do what and examples

depressants do what and examples

A

stimulate CNS - caffeine , cocaine

slow CNS- Xanax, ambien

41
Q

what do psychotherapy drugs do

treat illnesses like

A

block dopamine receptors in brains

schizo, depression

42
Q

medications targeting the cardiovascular system are classified according to their

A

effects on specialized cells

43
Q

various effects of the drugs are classified in 3 ways

A

chronotropic - heart rate
inotropic- force of contraction
dromotropic- velocity of conduction in heart

44
Q

what are cardiac glycosides

A

derived from plant, block certain pumps in heart cells

45
Q

antiarrhythmic drugs treat and prevent cardiac rhythm disorders, what classifications do they have

A

sodium- slow conduction
potassium- heart contraction
calcium - decrease force of contraction

46
Q

ACE inhibitors do what

A

partially controls BP

47
Q

fibrinolytic agent does what

A

breaks down blood clot

48
Q

second line of treatment in respiratory emergencies

A

xanthines - relax smooth muscles of broncioles and stimulate cardiac muscle to work harder

49
Q

corticosterioids do what

A

suppress inflammation

50
Q

immunosuppressants medication may be used for what and do what

A

pts undergo transplant or auto immune disease

inhibit bodys ability to attack itself

51
Q

vitamins and minerals are essential for (3)

A

metabolism, growth and development and cellular function

52
Q

what type of fluid is common is pre-hospital environment and can be 3 categories

A

crystalloid- dissolved

isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic

53
Q

define
isotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic

A

iso- stable medium- fluid / electrolytes
hyper- help provide nutrition
hypo- dehydration ( not hyopvolemic )

54
Q

manufacturers chose form of drug to ensure 3 things

A

proper route, time of release and effect on body system or organ

55
Q

route of administration effects

A

onset of action

56
Q

what is pharmacokinetics

A

study of metabolism and action of drug

57
Q

4 steps of pharmacokinetics

A

absorption, distributions , bio transformation and excretion

58
Q

pharmacodynamics

AKA

A

way in which a medication produces response intended

mechanism of action

59
Q

what property determines the drugs concentration at its site of action

A

pharmaceutical properties

60
Q

what is drug action

A

result of physiochemical change between drug and the molecule

61
Q

what effects drug absortion

A

pH, dosage form, drug concentration, route,

62
Q

what is important during mechanism of action

A

drug must reach appropriate site at correct concentration

63
Q

what is bioavailabilty

A

rate and extent drug enters the circulatory system

64
Q

what is therapeutic threshold

A

minimal concentration to reach desired effect

65
Q

therapeutic index

A

medications margin of safety LD50 to ED 50

66
Q

factors that effect drug response

A

age, body mass, sex, environmental conditons, time of administration, genetics, psychological factors

67
Q

define onset of action and duration of action

A

onset- how long to meet the target

duration- how long drug will stay above minumum level for intended action

68
Q

an interaction between drugs occurs when

A

actions of drug in body is modified in some way

69
Q

what is a predictable response

A

anticipated response past desired effect

70
Q

what is a iatrogenic response

A

adverse condition inadvertently induced in a pt by the treatment given

symptoms that mimic naturally occurring diseases

71
Q

what is a unpredictable response and most common

A

adverse effects that were not anticipated

allergic reaction

72
Q

other unpredictable responses include (7)

A 
serum sickness- delayed reaction
idiosyncratic- rare , unique response
tolerance
cumulative effect
drug dependence 
drug interaction
summation- addiction
73
Q

what effects potency of drugs

A

temperature , light, moisture , shelf life, exposure to air

74
Q

The enhancement or action of one drug by another drug is called:

A

potentiation.

75
Q

What is an enteral drug?

A

administered anywhere along GI tract

R.Scott PMA Midterm 2 (11 decks)

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