Unit 14 Flashcards

Question

Rastafarianism

Answer 1

A consequence of Garvey's crusade to elevate people of African decent. They believed that the emperor of Ethiopia (Prince Rasta Fari) was Jesus, and believed that they were descendants of the 12 tribes of Israel. These are the religious dimension of Rastafarians’ efforts to promote a more positive image of Africa and Africans.

Answer 2

The Jamaican popular music of the early 1950s.

Answer 3

Many young Jamaicans listened to American radio stations and rhythm and blues. Sound systems (trucks that acted as mobile discos) were another way to hear new music from America

Answer 4

The dominant Jamaican popular music through the first part of the 1960s. The most distinctive feature of ska is a strong afterbeat: a strong, crisp chunk on the latter part of each beat. This was a Jamaican take on the shuffle rhythm heard in so much fifties R&B.

Answer 5

Ska’s evolution in the latter half of the sixties, in which musicians added a backbeat layer over the afterbeats.

Answer 6

It was developed around 1970 in Jamaica and found a place in the UK in the mid 1970s

Answer 7

One of the first reggae stars, his songs addressed issues of social injustice and police brutality. Contrasted happy sounding music with darker lyrics, as was characteristic of reggae

Answer 8

By 1972, he had an international reputation

Answer 9

His career took off in 1964, and he was very popular in Jamaica by the early 1970s.

Answer 10

Reggae artist that also worked for meaningful change in Jamaican society. He became the decade’s most visible spokesperson for peace and brotherhood, carrying the torch of sixties social activism and idealism into the seventies.

Answer 11

Likely due to the heavy concentrations of Jamaicans in England. Great Britain experienced a large amount of immigrants from the colonies as part of its transition from colonialism. Jamaicans in England re created their culture.

Answer 12

British musicians in search of "real" music used characteristics of reggae and ska as an alternative to blues. A wave of new British acts, like the Police, wove the fresh sounds of reggae into their music.

Answer 13

Reggae's path to the US was roundabout, and it didn't find an audience in the US until after it became popular in England. Once it did, its influence was more diverse and more divorced from the music's social context

Answer 14

1. Reggae embedded the pulse of a song in its distinctive mid-range rhythms, so bass players were free to roam at will independent of a specific rhythmic or harmonic role. Black pop musicians used this principle to liberate the bass from a timekeeping role 2. Toasting was not just from reggae, but from Jamaican street parties, and was a forerunner of rap

Answer 15

The practice developed by Jamaican disc jockeys of delivering a steady stream of patter. Much of it was topical, even personal: they would pick out, and sometimes pick on, people in the crowd that had gathered around. Toasting is a direct forerunner of rap: both initially featured topical, humorous commentary over pre-existing music.

Answer 16

Discotheque- a French word for record library. It was originally used as a code word for underground nightclubs where jazz records were played, and were run like American speakeasies due to German occupation at the time (WW2)

Answer 17

1960- a new club culture began to thrive by the end of the 1960s- people wanted new dance music in less exclusive and less expensive venues

Answer 18

The new, danceable black music of the late 1960s and early 1970s- Stevie Wonder, Sly and the family stone, etc., and Philadelphia acts such as the O'Jays

Answer 19

Blacks, Latinos, working class women, and gay people (clubbing was a chance to come out of the closet/express themselves). These groups were still marginalized despite the rights movements of the 1960s

Answer 20

A dance music that rose to popularity in the mid seventies. Disco songs typically had a relentless beat; a complex rhythmic texture, usually with a 16-beat rhythm; and rich orchestration, typically an augmented rhythm section with horns and strings.

Answer 21

In the mid 1970s, disco became very popular and was no longer an underground thing.

Answer 22

Kraftwerk was a 2 person German band, Giorgio Moroder was a German based producer who provided the musical setting for Donna Summer's hits. Kraftwerk and Moroder exemplified the increasingly central roles of the producer and of technology. Disco became a producers’ music, even more than the girl groups of the sixties. Singers were mostly interchangeable, and disco used both acoustic and electronic instruments

Answer 23

Her first hit was released in 1975. However, her career started before disco went mainstream and crested in the late 1970s

Answer 24

Disco artist. Giorgio Moroder was her producer, and they were known for their use of electronic instruments. Summers was one of the only disco singers that didn't become interchangeable and was as important as the music in her songs. Most of her audience was gay people.

Answer 25

Created by Jacques Morali. Their look was more important than their sound- it was six guys dressed up as macho stereotypes among gay people. Their act was an inside joke- straight people bought the records and imitated their styles without realizing the gay undertones to the lyrics.

Answer 26

Disco was hedonistic- dancing was a prelude to more intimate forms of contact. It also had a look- wigs, tight and revealing clothes, glitter, and flamboyant accessories. Disco was also drug ridden- cocaine and sedatives became mainstream drugs.

Answer 27

Disco opponents trashed the music and the culture. It was a reaction against disco’s many excesses, but there was also a strong homophobic undercurrent. Disco Demolition night in 1979 allowed White Sox fans to get into the park with a discount if they brought a disco record, and they made a pile of records in center field after the first game

Answer 28

It was not surprising that disco faded out at the end of the 1970s- other dance fads had become popular and then faded out after a few years. Disco was a dance fad that emerged with the division of popular music into two related rhythmic streams- it was a period when the more active rhythms of black and black-inspired music became truly popular. It was more straightforward rhythmically, which sacrificed musical interest for accessibility to more dancers.

Answer 29

Disco was the gateway for the wholesale infusion of electronica. And it created a new kind of underground dance-club culture, which would continue through the eighties and flower in the nineties.

Answer 30

A rock style that emerged in the late 1970s characterized musically by relatively simple instrumentation, rhythms, and production. The Ramones and the Sex Pistols were among the best-known punk bands.

Answer 31

The late 1970s

Answer 32

White promoter and manager of the New York Dolls and the Sex Pistols (punk bands).

Answer 33

Spiked and colored hair, tattoos and body piercings, and torn clothes

Answer 34

It was a counterrevolution against the commercialization of mainstream rock. Punk sought to recapture the revolutionary fervor and the relative simplicity of early rock. It established a new direction in rock that continues to the present

Answer 35

New York, bands performed in small clubs located in Greenwich Village and Soho. CBGB was the most famous of these clubs.

Answer 36

The Velvet Underground and the New York Dolls.

Answer 37

Embraced the New York City subculture and included it in their music. Their songs were dark, which foreshadowed punk’s “no future” mentality, and the sound of their music was often abrasive and minimalist. They presented a rejection of the artistic aspirations of the Beatles and other like-minded bands.

Answer 38

Led by David Johansen. They were known for wearing makeup and cross-dressing outlandishly and for taking risks in performance. They were America's version of David Bowie

Answer 39

The first major figure in the punk movement to emerge from the New York club subculture. Her music returned rock to its garage band spirit. Smith played an important role in the creation of this new/old style, and her presence made punk and new wave music more receptive to women than conventional rock

Answer 40

After punk had taken off in the US, around 1976. This was due to the music of the Sex Pistols

Answer 41

The "no future" mindset was nihilistic and reflected deeply rooted contradictions in everyday life during the seventies. The rights movements of the 60s had created a "we" mindset, but the 70s gave way to a "me" mindset where everyone looked out for themselves. The events of the 60s eroded class distinctions at a rapid rate, but there was a strong conservative backlash in both Britain and the United States. In addition, a prolonged recession gave working- and middle-class people little opportunity to take advantage of their new social mobility.

Answer 42

The power of punk comes through mainly in music. "Pure" punk songs are short, saying what they want to see quickly and moving on. Punk is loud, with guitarists and bassists using heavy distortion. Vocalists typically had a lack of sophistication- message was that anyone could front a band if they had the nerve. Tempos were fast, exceeding the pace of normally energetic movement

Answer 43

Punk restored the essence and power of rock rhythm by isolating it, saturating the rhythmic texture with it, and speeding it up. In punk, the “default” way of playing the rock rhythmic layer was simply to repeat a note, a chord, or a drum stroke over and over at rock-beat speed. The eight beat rhythm continues through the notes of the riffs, which were just overlay.

Answer 44

1. The entire rhythm section typically reinforced it- guitar, bass, and drums 2. Favored explicit timekeeping over syncopation and other forms of rhythmic play.

Answer 45

The performing style features an abrasive vocal style, with loud speech more than singing. There is also heavy distortion in the guitar and bass. Uses a distilled and aggressive rock rhythm at a fast tempo, and guitar riffs are the most distinct melodic material. Distorted power chords help produce classic punk rock sound. The inflammatory message in lyrics is reinforced by aggressive musical setting

Answer 46

Johnny Rotten (vocalist), Steve Jones (guitarist), Paul Cook (drummer) and bassists Glen Matlock and Sid Vicious.

Answer 47

A British punk band in the late 1970s. They didn't have much musical skill originally, but were known for their ability to shock, provoke, confront, and incite to riot. Certain songs, like "God save the queen" and "Anarchy in the UK" express their agenda of overthrowing the ruling class. Many working-and middle-class youths were tired of the rigid class system that they inherited and foresaw a bleak future. The Sex Pistols’ songs encapsulated the frustration and rage they felt.

Answer 48

1978. The Sex Pistols embodied the essence of punk in every respect, and were extremely influential. were enormously influential. No group in the history of rock had more impact with such a brief career.

Answer 49

The “back to basics” movement within rock beginning in the late 1970s, featuring simplified instrumentation and basic chords and melodies. An early new wave band was the Talking Heads. This music began in small clubs, mainly in New York and London

Answer 50

Late 1970s

Answer 51

Punk aims for the gut (making the audience feel something); new wave aims for the brain, or perhaps the funny bone (a reaction against prevailing tastes). New wave did express rage and frustration, but with more finesse

Answer 52

New wave bands favored a stripped-down, streamlined sound: guitar, bass, and drums, with the occasional keyboard. Instrumental solos were at a minimum; the primary role of the music was to enhance the words.

Answer 53

The rhythmic texture was relatively clean, with little syncopation or rhythmic interplay.

Answer 54

David Byrne (lead singer), Chris Frantz (drummer), Tina Weymouth (bassist), and Jerry Harrison (guitarist/keyboardist).

Answer 55

Punk/new wave band whose songs had considerable variety. Many of their early songs drew on rock and rhythm and blues. Manipulated familiar sounds to provide an instrumental setting that supported the vocals. the sound of Talking Heads was fueled more by imagination than by craft- the band created the most innovative sound world of the 70s

Answer 56

David Byrne, during the 1980s. Their last studio album, released in 1988, featured African musicians.

Answer 57

Joe Strummer and Mick Jones (vocals and guitar), Paul Simonon (bass), and Topper Headon (drums)

Answer 58

Punk/new wave band. Many of their songs railed against political and social injustices. Each song has a distinct character and musical setting- the band was eventually at home in a variety of styles. More than any other group of the late seventies, the Clash demonstrated by example how to revitalize rock with words and music that mattered, because they refused to compromise

Answer 59

Punk and new wave restored the soul of rock and roll. The important bands resurrected rock’s sense of daring and amped it up well beyond what had gone before. Their music contains powerful political and social messages. It opened the door for those outside corporate rock as well. It also sharpened the edge of much rock-era music, even the pop of Michael Jackson and Madonna

Answer 60

It introduced a new conception of rock rhythm that would filter into numerous mainstream and alternative styles. In punk, the rock can be as brutally blunt in its musical message as in the lyrics. There is a synergy among attitude, words, and music that gives both punk and new wave unprecedented impact. The music was relatively simple so as not to distract from the message of the lyrics.

Answer 61

The alternative movement that began in the early eighties continues the independent spirit that typified the punk and new wave music of the late seventies.

Answer 62

An American disco and funk band which was founded in 1973

Answer 63

American rock band co-founded by singer Debbie Harry and guitarist Chris Stein. A pioneer in new wave.

Unit 14 Flashcards

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