Unit 12 Test 4.4.16 Flashcards
Since 1945, population in the United States has grown most rapidly in the
Sunbelt
The passage of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (GI Bill of Rights) was partly motivated by
fear that the labor markets could not absorb millions of discharged veterans
America feared that the end of World War II would bring
a return of the Great Depression
One striking consequence of the postwar economic boom was
a vast expansion of the home owning middle class
Which of the following did not contribute to the rapid rise of suburbia in post-WWII America?
a. new highways.
b. the environment crisis.
c. “white flight.”
d. government mortgage guarantees.
b. the environment crisis.
The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 was passed to check the growing power of
labor unions
The continued growth of the suburbs led to
an increase in urban poverty
The long economic boom from World War II to the 1970s was fueled primarily by
low energy costs
All of the following encouraged many Americans to move to the suburbs EXCEPT
a. development of fuel-efficient automobiles.
b. government built highways.
c. home loan guarantees from the Federal Housing Authority and the Veterans’ Administration.
d. tax deductions for interest payments on home mortgages.
a. development of fuel-efficient automobiles.
In early 1945, the United States was eager to have the Soviet Union participate in the projected invasion of Japan because
Soviet help could reduce the number of American casualties
The huge postwar “baby boom” reached its peak in the
late 1950s
The United States and the Soviet Union resembled one another in that they
had been largely isolated from world affairs and practiced an ideological “missionary” foreign policy
Before he was elected Vice President of the United States in 1944, Harry S Truman had served as all of the following EXCEPT
a. a Missouri judge.
b. a haberdashery store owner.
c. a World War I artillery officer.
d. secretary of the navy.
d. secretary of the navy.
The origins of the Cold War lay in a fundamental disagreement between the United States and the Soviet Union over postwar arrangements in
Eastern Europe
Much of the prosperity of the 1950s and 1960s rested on the underpinnings of
colossal military budgets
The dramatically reduced number of American farms and farmers in the postwar era was accompanied by
spectacular gains in American agricultural productivity and food growing
Unlike the failed League of Nations, the new United Nations
was established in a spirit of cooperation before the war’s actual end
Harry Truman possessed all of the following personal characteristics EXCEPT
a. willingness to accept responsibility.
b. few pretensions.
c. willingness to admit mistakes.
d. honesty.
c. willingness to admit mistakes.
The refusal of the Federal Housing Authority to grant home loans to blacks contributed to
driving many blacks into public housing
One sign of the stress that the widespread post-World War II geographic mobility placed on American families was the
popularity of advice books on child rearing
In an effort to forestall an economic downturn, the Truman administration did all of the following EXCEPT
a. pass the Employment Act, which made it government policy to promote maximum employment, production, and purchasing power.
b. pass the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, known as the GI Bill of Rights.
c. sell war factories and other government installations to private businesses at very low prices.
d. continue wartime wage and price controls.
d. continue wartime wage and price controls.
The Taft-Hartley Act delivered a major blow to labor by
outlawing “closed” (all-union) shops
By 1960, the proportion of Americans who lived in areas classified as metropolitan suburbs was approximately
one out of four (25%)
The growth of organized labor in the post-WWII era was slowed by all of the following EXCEPT
a. the failure of Operation Dixie.
b. the Taft-Hartley Act.
c. the rapidly growing number of service sector workers.
. the reduced number of women in the workforce.
d. the reduced number of women in the workforce.
Population distribution after World War II followed a pattern of
an urban-suburban segregation of blacks and whites in major metropolitan areas
The post-World War II prosperity in the United States was most beneficial to
women
The earliest and most serious failure of the United Nations involved its inability to
control atomic energy, especially the manufacture of weapons
Much of the Sunbelt’s new prosperity was based on its
tremendous influx of money from the federal government
In 1948, many southern Democrats split from their party to support Governor J. Strom Thurmond because
President Truman took a strong stand in favor of civil rights
When the Soviet Union denied the United States, Britain, and France acces to Berlin in 1948, President Truman responded by
organizing a gigantic airlift of supplies to Berlin
President Truman’s Marshall Plan called for
substantial financial assistance to rebuild Western Europe
President Truman’s action upon hearing of the invasion of South Korea illustrated his commitment to a foreign policy of
containment
American membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization did all of the following for the country EXCEPT
a. strengthen the containment of the Soviet Union.
b. reduce our defense expenditures, since we would get help from other countries.
c. reassure Europeans that the U.S. would not abandon them.
d. help reintegrate Germany into the European family.
b. reduce our defense expenditures, since we would get help from other countries.
President Truman’s domestic legislative plan was dubbed the
Fair Deal
Which of the following was NOT true of the new Japanese government installed by General Douglas MacArthur in 1946?
a. It introduced a Western style democratic constitution.
b. It joined an American military alliance to prevent the spread of communism in East Asia.
c. It pledged itself to providing for women’s equality.
d. It paved the way for a spectacular economic recovery.
b. It joined an American military alliance to prevent the spread of communism in East Asia.
Arrange the following events in chronological order of their appearance: (A) Marshall Plan, (B) Truman Doctrine, (C) NATO
B, A, C
A leading American thologian who urged a vigorous American foreign policy and a return to Christian foundations was
Norman Vincent Peale
President Truman risked American access to Middle Eastern oil supplied when he
recognized the new Jewish state of Israel
Soviet specialist George F. Kennan framed a coherent approach for America in the Cold War by advising a policy of
containment
The United States participation in NATO
marked a dramatic departure from traditional American isolationism
NSC-68 called for
a massive increase in military spending
The imperious and insubordinate commander in Korea who was fired by President Truman was General
Douglas MacArthur
The NSC-68 document reflected the American belief
in the limitless capabilities of the American economy and society
Postwar Japan
had its military leaders tried for war crimes, as had occurred in Germany
Under the Truman Doctrine, the United States pledged to
support those who were resisting subjugation by communists
The immediate crisis that prompted the announcement of the Truman Doctrine was related to the threat of communist takeover in
Greece and Turkey
Match each postwar American program below with its primary purpose.
A. Point Four 1. assist communist threatened Greece and Turkey.
B. NATO 2. promote economic recovery in Europe.
C. Truman Doctrine 3. aid underdeveloped nations in Latin America, Asia, and Africa.
D. Marshall Plan 4. resist Soviet military threat.
A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
The marshall Plan succeeded in reiving Europe’s economy and thwarting the large internal communist parties threatening to take over
Italy and France
In an effort to detect communists within the federal government, President Harry Truman established the
Loyalty Review Board
Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Berlin airlift, (B) Korean War, (C) fall of China.
A, C, B
America’s postwar containment policy was based on the assumption that the Soviet Union was fundamentally
expansionist but cautious
President Harry Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur from command of the United Nations troops in Korea when
MacArthur began to take issue publicly with presidential policies
Match each 1948 presidential candidate below with his political party.
A. J. Storm Thurmond 1. Progressive B. Henry Wallace 2. Democratic C. Harry S Truman 3. States' Rights D. Thomas E. Dewey 4. Republican
A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
The victorious World War II Allies quickly agreed that
Nazism should be destroyed in Germany and high ranking Nazis should be tried and punished for war crimes.
Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalist government lost the Chinese civil war to the communists and Mao Ze-dong mainly because
Jiang lost the support and confidence of the Chinese people
Senator McCarthy’s anticommunist crusade ended when he
alleged that there were communists in the army
Among anticommunists, Senator Joseph R. McCarthy was the
one who most damaged free speech and fair play
Which of the following was NOT true of the changing nature of work in the 1950s?
a. labor unions reached a peak and then began to decline.
b. white collar workers were surpassing blue collar workers in numbers.
c. there were fewer jobs in the military related aerospace industry.
d. science and technology drove economic growth.
c. there were fewer jobs in the military related aerospace industry.
As a result of Senator McCarthy’s crusade against communist subversion in America
the State Department lost a number of Asian specialists who might have counseled a wiser course in Vietnam
The new militancy and relentlessness among many members of the Africn American community after 1945 was especially generated by
the gap between American ideals and racial practices revealed in World War II
In the epochal 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court
declared that the concept of “separate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites was unconstitutional
During the 1952 presidential campaign, Republican candidate Dwight Eiesenhower declared that he would _____________________ to help to end the Korean War.
personally go to Korea
President Eisenhower defined the domestic philosophy of his administration as
“dynamic conservatism.”
President Dwight Eisenhower’s attitude toward racial justice can best be described as
not inclined to promoting integration
The 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled racially segregated school systems were “inherently unequal” was
Brown v. Board of Education
Dwight Eisenhower’s policies toward Native Americans included
a return to the assimilation goals of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887
In an effort to overturn Jim Crow laws and the segregated system that they created, African Americans used all of the following methods EXCEPT
a. legal attacks on underpinnings of segregation in the courts.
b. economic boycotts.
c. appeals to foreign government to pressure the United States to establish racial justice.
d. mobilization of black churches on behalf of black rights.
c. appeals to foreign government to pressure the United States to establish racial justice.
As president, Dwight Eisenhower supported
putting the brakes on military spending
Senator Joseph McCarthy first rose to national prominence
charging that dozens of known Communists were working within the U.S. State Department
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was an outgrowth of the
“sit-in” movement launched by young southern blacks
The Supreme Court began to advance the cause of civil rights in the 1950s because
Congress and the presidency had largely abdicated their responsibilities by keeping hands off the issue
The Eisenhower-promoted public works project that was far larger and more expansive than anything in Roosevelt’s New Deal was
the interstate highway system
Which one of the following is LEAST related to the other three?
a. Martin Luther King Jr.
b. Rosa Parks
c. Montgomery bus boycott
d. Orval Faubus
d. Orval Faubus
In response to Senator Joseph McCarthy’s anticommunist attacks, President Eisenhower
allowed his to control personnel policy at the State Department
In terms of politics, television did all of the following EXCEPT
a. enable political parties to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the electorate.
b. apply the standards of show business and commercialism to political messages.
c. allow lone wolf politicians to address voters directly.
d. threaten the traditional role of political parties.
a. enable political parties to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the electorate.
Richard Nixon was selected as Dwight Eisenhower’s vice-presidential running mate in 1952 as a concession to
hard line anticommunists
The record would seem to indicate that President Eisenhower’s strongest commitment during his presidency was to
social harmony
On the subject of racial justice, President Eisenhower
had advised against integrating the armed forces
Dwight Eisenhower’s greatest asset as president was his
enjoyment of the affection and respect of the American people
During his second term, President Eisenhower
took a more active personal role in governing
By the end of the 1950s, Latin American anger toward the United States had intensified because Washington had done all the following EXCEPT
a. support bloody dictators who claimed to be fighting communism.
b. extend massive aid to Europe and little to Latin America.
c. continue to intervene in Latin American affairs.
d. provide encouragement to Fidel Castro’s communist government in Cuba.
d. provide encouragement to Fidel Castro’s communist government in Cuba.
The leader of the nationalist movement in Vietnam since World War I was
Ho Chi Minh
The Paris summit conference scheduled for 1960 collapsed because of the
U-2 incident
The Suez Crisis marked the last time in history that the United States could
use its “oil weapon” to make foreign policy demands
During the 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency engineered pro-American political coups in both
Iran and Guatemala
Two postwar American fiction writers who explored the problems and anxieties of affluence were
John Updike and John Cheever
During his presidency, Dwight Eisenhower accepted the priciple and extended the benefits of
the Social Security System
In 1956 the United States condemned _____________________ as the aggressors in the Suez Canal Crisis.
Britain and France
In response to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957,
the federal government began spending millions of dollars to improve American science and language education
Which of the following is LEAST related to the other three?
a. Landrum-Griffith Act
b. the launching of Sputnik
c. “rocket fever”
d. National Defense Education Act
a. Landrum-Griffith Act
The 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine empowered the president to extend economic and military aid to nations of _______________________ that wanted to help resist communist aggression.
the Middle East
In 1956, when Hungary revolted against continued domination by the Soviet Union, the United States under Dwight Eisenhower
did nothing to help defeat the communists
In response to a supposed Soviet threat to Middle Eastern Oil, the American Central Intelligence Agency in 1953
staged a coup to overthrow the Iranian government and install Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi as dictator
Many of the better known American poets in the post-World War II era
ended their lives through suicide
The factor that may well have tipped the electoral scales for John F. Kennedy in the presidential election of 1960 was
his televised debates with Richard M. Nixon
The title of Ralph Ellison’s novel Invisible Man refers to
an African American whose supposed supporters are unable to see him as a real man
When Dwight Eisenhower left the presidency in 1961
he remained an extraordinarily popular figure
As a part of his “New Look” foreign policy, President Eisenhower
called for “open skies” over both the United States and the Soviet Union
As the French fortress of Dienbienphu was about to fall to Ho Chi Minh’s communist forces in 1954, President Eisenhower
refused to permit any American military involvement
Compared to World War I, the literary outpouring from World War II can be best described as
less realistic
President Eisenhower’s “New Look” foreign policy in the 1950s planned for
greater reliance on air power and the deterrent power of nuclear weapons than on the army and navy
The 1955 Geneva Conference
called for the two Vietnams to hold national elections within two years
