Unit 12 Test 4.4.16

Question 1

Since 1945, population in the United States has grown most rapidly in the

Answer 1

Sunbelt

Question 2

The passage of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (GI Bill of Rights) was partly motivated by

Answer 2

fear that the labor markets could not absorb millions of discharged veterans

Question 3

America feared that the end of World War II would bring

Answer 3

a return of the Great Depression

Question 4

One striking consequence of the postwar economic boom was

Answer 4

a vast expansion of the home owning middle class

Question 5

Which of the following did not contribute to the rapid rise of suburbia in post-WWII America?

a. new highways.
b. the environment crisis.
c. “white flight.”
d. government mortgage guarantees.

Answer 5

b. the environment crisis.

Question 6

The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 was passed to check the growing power of

Answer 6

labor unions

Question 7

The continued growth of the suburbs led to

Answer 7

an increase in urban poverty

Question 8

The long economic boom from World War II to the 1970s was fueled primarily by

Answer 8

low energy costs

Question 9

All of the following encouraged many Americans to move to the suburbs EXCEPT

a. development of fuel-efficient automobiles.
b. government built highways.
c. home loan guarantees from the Federal Housing Authority and the Veterans’ Administration.
d. tax deductions for interest payments on home mortgages.

Answer 9

a. development of fuel-efficient automobiles.

Question 10

In early 1945, the United States was eager to have the Soviet Union participate in the projected invasion of Japan because

Answer 10

Soviet help could reduce the number of American casualties

Question 11

The huge postwar “baby boom” reached its peak in the

Answer 11

late 1950s

Question 12

The United States and the Soviet Union resembled one another in that they

Answer 12

had been largely isolated from world affairs and practiced an ideological “missionary” foreign policy

Question 13

Before he was elected Vice President of the United States in 1944, Harry S Truman had served as all of the following EXCEPT

a. a Missouri judge.
b. a haberdashery store owner.
c. a World War I artillery officer.
d. secretary of the navy.

Answer 13

d. secretary of the navy.

Question 14

The origins of the Cold War lay in a fundamental disagreement between the United States and the Soviet Union over postwar arrangements in

Answer 14

Eastern Europe

Question 15

Much of the prosperity of the 1950s and 1960s rested on the underpinnings of

Answer 15

colossal military budgets

Question 16

The dramatically reduced number of American farms and farmers in the postwar era was accompanied by

Answer 16

spectacular gains in American agricultural productivity and food growing

Question 17

Unlike the failed League of Nations, the new United Nations

Answer 17

was established in a spirit of cooperation before the war’s actual end

Question 18

Harry Truman possessed all of the following personal characteristics EXCEPT

a. willingness to accept responsibility.
b. few pretensions.
c. willingness to admit mistakes.
d. honesty.

Answer 18

c. willingness to admit mistakes.

Question 19

The refusal of the Federal Housing Authority to grant home loans to blacks contributed to

Answer 19

driving many blacks into public housing

Question 20

One sign of the stress that the widespread post-World War II geographic mobility placed on American families was the

Answer 20

popularity of advice books on child rearing

Question 21

In an effort to forestall an economic downturn, the Truman administration did all of the following EXCEPT

a. pass the Employment Act, which made it government policy to promote maximum employment, production, and purchasing power.
b. pass the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, known as the GI Bill of Rights.
c. sell war factories and other government installations to private businesses at very low prices.
d. continue wartime wage and price controls.

Answer 21

d. continue wartime wage and price controls.

Question 22

The Taft-Hartley Act delivered a major blow to labor by

Answer 22

outlawing “closed” (all-union) shops

Question 23

By 1960, the proportion of Americans who lived in areas classified as metropolitan suburbs was approximately

Answer 23

one out of four (25%)

Question 24

The growth of organized labor in the post-WWII era was slowed by all of the following EXCEPT

a. the failure of Operation Dixie.
b. the Taft-Hartley Act.
c. the rapidly growing number of service sector workers.
. the reduced number of women in the workforce.

Answer 24

d. the reduced number of women in the workforce.

Question 25

Population distribution after World War II followed a pattern of

Answer 25

an urban-suburban segregation of blacks and whites in major metropolitan areas

Question 26

The post-World War II prosperity in the United States was most beneficial to

Answer 26

women

Question 27

The earliest and most serious failure of the United Nations involved its inability to

Answer 27

control atomic energy, especially the manufacture of weapons

Question 28

Much of the Sunbelt’s new prosperity was based on its

Answer 28

tremendous influx of money from the federal government

Question 29

In 1948, many southern Democrats split from their party to support Governor J. Strom Thurmond because

Answer 29

President Truman took a strong stand in favor of civil rights

Question 30

When the Soviet Union denied the United States, Britain, and France acces to Berlin in 1948, President Truman responded by

Answer 30

organizing a gigantic airlift of supplies to Berlin

Question 31

President Truman’s Marshall Plan called for

Answer 31

substantial financial assistance to rebuild Western Europe

Question 32

President Truman’s action upon hearing of the invasion of South Korea illustrated his commitment to a foreign policy of

Answer 32

containment

Question 33

American membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization did all of the following for the country EXCEPT

a. strengthen the containment of the Soviet Union.
b. reduce our defense expenditures, since we would get help from other countries.
c. reassure Europeans that the U.S. would not abandon them.
d. help reintegrate Germany into the European family.

Answer 33

b. reduce our defense expenditures, since we would get help from other countries.

Question 34

President Truman’s domestic legislative plan was dubbed the

Answer 34

Fair Deal

Question 35

Which of the following was NOT true of the new Japanese government installed by General Douglas MacArthur in 1946?

a. It introduced a Western style democratic constitution.
b. It joined an American military alliance to prevent the spread of communism in East Asia.
c. It pledged itself to providing for women’s equality.
d. It paved the way for a spectacular economic recovery.

Answer 35

b. It joined an American military alliance to prevent the spread of communism in East Asia.

Question 36

Arrange the following events in chronological order of their appearance: (A) Marshall Plan, (B) Truman Doctrine, (C) NATO

Answer 36

B, A, C

Question 37

A leading American thologian who urged a vigorous American foreign policy and a return to Christian foundations was

Answer 37

Norman Vincent Peale

Question 38

President Truman risked American access to Middle Eastern oil supplied when he

Answer 38

recognized the new Jewish state of Israel

Question 39

Soviet specialist George F. Kennan framed a coherent approach for America in the Cold War by advising a policy of

Answer 39

containment

Question 40

The United States participation in NATO

Answer 40

marked a dramatic departure from traditional American isolationism

Question 41

NSC-68 called for

Answer 41

a massive increase in military spending

Question 42

The imperious and insubordinate commander in Korea who was fired by President Truman was General

Answer 42

Douglas MacArthur

Question 43

The NSC-68 document reflected the American belief

Answer 43

in the limitless capabilities of the American economy and society

Question 44

Postwar Japan

Answer 44

had its military leaders tried for war crimes, as had occurred in Germany

Question 45

Under the Truman Doctrine, the United States pledged to

Answer 45

support those who were resisting subjugation by communists

Question 46

The immediate crisis that prompted the announcement of the Truman Doctrine was related to the threat of communist takeover in

Answer 46

Greece and Turkey

Question 47

Match each postwar American program below with its primary purpose.

A. Point Four 1. assist communist threatened Greece and Turkey.
B. NATO 2. promote economic recovery in Europe.
C. Truman Doctrine 3. aid underdeveloped nations in Latin America, Asia, and Africa.
D. Marshall Plan 4. resist Soviet military threat.

Answer 47

A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

Question 48

The marshall Plan succeeded in reiving Europe’s economy and thwarting the large internal communist parties threatening to take over

Answer 48

Italy and France

Question 49

In an effort to detect communists within the federal government, President Harry Truman established the

Answer 49

Loyalty Review Board

Question 50

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Berlin airlift, (B) Korean War, (C) fall of China.

Answer 50

A, C, B

Question 51

America’s postwar containment policy was based on the assumption that the Soviet Union was fundamentally

Answer 51

expansionist but cautious

Question 52

President Harry Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur from command of the United Nations troops in Korea when

Answer 52

MacArthur began to take issue publicly with presidential policies

Question 53

Match each 1948 presidential candidate below with his political party.

A. J. Storm Thurmond	1. Progressive
B. Henry Wallace	2. Democratic
C. Harry S Truman	3. States' Rights
D. Thomas E. Dewey	
4. Republican

Answer 53

A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4

Question 54

The victorious World War II Allies quickly agreed that

Answer 54

Nazism should be destroyed in Germany and high ranking Nazis should be tried and punished for war crimes.

Question 55

Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalist government lost the Chinese civil war to the communists and Mao Ze-dong mainly because

Answer 55

Jiang lost the support and confidence of the Chinese people

Question 56

Senator McCarthy’s anticommunist crusade ended when he

Answer 56

alleged that there were communists in the army

Question 57

Among anticommunists, Senator Joseph R. McCarthy was the

Answer 57

one who most damaged free speech and fair play

Question 58

Which of the following was NOT true of the changing nature of work in the 1950s?

a. labor unions reached a peak and then began to decline.
b. white collar workers were surpassing blue collar workers in numbers.
c. there were fewer jobs in the military related aerospace industry.
d. science and technology drove economic growth.

Answer 58

c. there were fewer jobs in the military related aerospace industry.

Question 59

As a result of Senator McCarthy’s crusade against communist subversion in America

Answer 59

the State Department lost a number of Asian specialists who might have counseled a wiser course in Vietnam

Question 60

The new militancy and relentlessness among many members of the Africn American community after 1945 was especially generated by

Answer 60

the gap between American ideals and racial practices revealed in World War II

Question 61

In the epochal 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court

Answer 61

declared that the concept of “separate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites was unconstitutional

Question 62

During the 1952 presidential campaign, Republican candidate Dwight Eiesenhower declared that he would _____________________ to help to end the Korean War.

Answer 62

personally go to Korea

Question 63

President Eisenhower defined the domestic philosophy of his administration as

Answer 63

“dynamic conservatism.”

Question 64

President Dwight Eisenhower’s attitude toward racial justice can best be described as

Answer 64

not inclined to promoting integration

Question 65

The 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled racially segregated school systems were “inherently unequal” was

Answer 65

Brown v. Board of Education

Question 66

Dwight Eisenhower’s policies toward Native Americans included

Answer 66

a return to the assimilation goals of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887

Question 67

In an effort to overturn Jim Crow laws and the segregated system that they created, African Americans used all of the following methods EXCEPT

a. legal attacks on underpinnings of segregation in the courts.
b. economic boycotts.
c. appeals to foreign government to pressure the United States to establish racial justice.
d. mobilization of black churches on behalf of black rights.

Answer 67

c. appeals to foreign government to pressure the United States to establish racial justice.

Question 68

As president, Dwight Eisenhower supported

Answer 68

putting the brakes on military spending

Question 69

Senator Joseph McCarthy first rose to national prominence

Answer 69

charging that dozens of known Communists were working within the U.S. State Department

Question 70

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was an outgrowth of the

Answer 70

“sit-in” movement launched by young southern blacks

Question 71

The Supreme Court began to advance the cause of civil rights in the 1950s because

Answer 71

Congress and the presidency had largely abdicated their responsibilities by keeping hands off the issue

Question 72

The Eisenhower-promoted public works project that was far larger and more expansive than anything in Roosevelt’s New Deal was

Answer 72

the interstate highway system

Question 73

Which one of the following is LEAST related to the other three?

a. Martin Luther King Jr.
b. Rosa Parks
c. Montgomery bus boycott
d. Orval Faubus

Answer 73

d. Orval Faubus

Question 74

In response to Senator Joseph McCarthy’s anticommunist attacks, President Eisenhower

Answer 74

allowed his to control personnel policy at the State Department

Question 75

In terms of politics, television did all of the following EXCEPT

a. enable political parties to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the electorate.
b. apply the standards of show business and commercialism to political messages.
c. allow lone wolf politicians to address voters directly.
d. threaten the traditional role of political parties.

Answer 75

a. enable political parties to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the electorate.

Question 76

Richard Nixon was selected as Dwight Eisenhower’s vice-presidential running mate in 1952 as a concession to

Answer 76

hard line anticommunists

Question 77

The record would seem to indicate that President Eisenhower’s strongest commitment during his presidency was to

Answer 77

social harmony

Question 78

On the subject of racial justice, President Eisenhower

Answer 78

had advised against integrating the armed forces

Question 79

Dwight Eisenhower’s greatest asset as president was his

Answer 79

enjoyment of the affection and respect of the American people

Question 80

During his second term, President Eisenhower

Answer 80

took a more active personal role in governing

Question 81

By the end of the 1950s, Latin American anger toward the United States had intensified because Washington had done all the following EXCEPT

a. support bloody dictators who claimed to be fighting communism.
b. extend massive aid to Europe and little to Latin America.
c. continue to intervene in Latin American affairs.
d. provide encouragement to Fidel Castro’s communist government in Cuba.

Answer 81

d. provide encouragement to Fidel Castro’s communist government in Cuba.

Question 82

The leader of the nationalist movement in Vietnam since World War I was

Answer 82

Ho Chi Minh

Question 83

The Paris summit conference scheduled for 1960 collapsed because of the

Answer 83

U-2 incident

Question 84

The Suez Crisis marked the last time in history that the United States could

Answer 84

use its “oil weapon” to make foreign policy demands

Question 85

During the 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency engineered pro-American political coups in both

Answer 85

Iran and Guatemala

Question 86

Two postwar American fiction writers who explored the problems and anxieties of affluence were

Answer 86

John Updike and John Cheever

Question 87

During his presidency, Dwight Eisenhower accepted the priciple and extended the benefits of

Answer 87

the Social Security System

Question 88

In 1956 the United States condemned _____________________ as the aggressors in the Suez Canal Crisis.

Answer 88

Britain and France

Question 89

In response to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957,

Answer 89

the federal government began spending millions of dollars to improve American science and language education

Question 90

Which of the following is LEAST related to the other three?

a. Landrum-Griffith Act
b. the launching of Sputnik
c. “rocket fever”
d. National Defense Education Act

Answer 90

a. Landrum-Griffith Act

Question 91

The 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine empowered the president to extend economic and military aid to nations of _______________________ that wanted to help resist communist aggression.

Answer 91

the Middle East

Question 92

In 1956, when Hungary revolted against continued domination by the Soviet Union, the United States under Dwight Eisenhower

Answer 92

did nothing to help defeat the communists

Question 93

In response to a supposed Soviet threat to Middle Eastern Oil, the American Central Intelligence Agency in 1953

Answer 93

staged a coup to overthrow the Iranian government and install Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi as dictator

Question 94

Many of the better known American poets in the post-World War II era

Answer 94

ended their lives through suicide

Question 95

The factor that may well have tipped the electoral scales for John F. Kennedy in the presidential election of 1960 was

Answer 95

his televised debates with Richard M. Nixon

Question 96

The title of Ralph Ellison’s novel Invisible Man refers to

Answer 96

an African American whose supposed supporters are unable to see him as a real man

Question 97

When Dwight Eisenhower left the presidency in 1961

Answer 97

he remained an extraordinarily popular figure

Question 98

As a part of his “New Look” foreign policy, President Eisenhower

Answer 98

called for “open skies” over both the United States and the Soviet Union

Question 99

As the French fortress of Dienbienphu was about to fall to Ho Chi Minh’s communist forces in 1954, President Eisenhower

Answer 99

refused to permit any American military involvement

Question 100

Compared to World War I, the literary outpouring from World War II can be best described as

Answer 100

less realistic

Question 101

President Eisenhower’s “New Look” foreign policy in the 1950s planned for

Answer 101

greater reliance on air power and the deterrent power of nuclear weapons than on the army and navy

Question 102

The 1955 Geneva Conference

Answer 102

called for the two Vietnams to hold national elections within two years