UNIT#12 SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT Flashcards
1
Q
It is not a true statement about bones and cartilages:
A
Both contain various types of living tissues
2
Q
Which type of cartilage is/are present in our respiratory passage?
A
Hyaline Cartilage
3
Q
All of the following are true about collagen except:
A
➡Inealstic❌
➡Flexible❌
➡Living✅
➡Protein❌
4
Q
Cartilage is covered by:
A
Pericondrium
5
Q
Major protein of connective tissues:
A
Collagen
6
Q
Tibia is found in:
A
Lower Leg
7
Q
Number of bones present in vertebral column:
A
33
8
Q
It is not a part of the axial skeleton:
A
Patella➡Knee Bone
9
Q
Ribs which are only attached to spinal cord are:
A
Floating Ribs
10
Q
Choose an option containing the correct information:
A
➡6 paired facial bones
➡2 unpaired facial bones
11
Q
How many coxal bones are present in human body?
A
2
12
Q
Knee and elbow joints are examples of:
A
Hinge Joint
13
Q
Which of the following is an example of synovial joint?
A
Joint between radus and ulna
14
Q
Elbow joint is an example of:
A
Hinge Joint
15
Q
Joint that is immovable:
A
Sutures
16
Q
Joint between the costal arch and sternum is:
A
Cartilaginous
17
Q
Acute forms of arthritis usually result from ___ invasion.
A
Bacterial
18
Q
Antibodies attack joints in
A
Rheumatoid Arthritis
19
Q
Irregular striations and involuntary control is related to:
A
Cardiac Muscle Cells
20
Q
Which one of the following is correct regarding ligaments and tendons?
A
Both are specialized connective tissue
21
Q
Earliest form of muscles is:
A
Smoothe
22
Q
Brachioradialis:
A
Is inserted into radius
23
Q
The main functional partners of bones are:
A
Skeletal Muscle
24
Q
The type of muscle which exhibits striations at regular intervals, is multinucleated and whose control is neurogenic is the:
A
Skeletal Muscle
25
Which one of the following muscles is considered as "Voluntary Muscle"?
Skeletal Muscles
26
Which one of the following are "myogenic" types of muscles?
Cardiac Muscles
27
Connective tissue wrapping around a muscle that is found continuous with tendons:
Epimysium
28
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is like this:
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
29
Sarcolemma is primarily made up of:
Lipoprotein
30
Which one of the following structures serves as a center of the sarcomere?
M-Line
31
Which one of the following is correct regarding A-band?
Myosin acts as a polarizer of light
32
T-tubules in human skeletal muscles are present at:
A-I Junction
33
Diameter of each myofibril is approximate:
2 μm
34
Which of the following is a true statement?
Muscle cell has many myofibrils
35
Which of the following band allows most of the light to pass through it?
I-Band
36
Chief component of thin filamets is:
Actin
37
The sliding protein of muscle
Actin
38
The point of attachment o the nerve to the muscle is called a ____ junction.
Neuro-Muscular
39
The repeated protein pattern of myofibrils is called:
Sarcomere
40
A sarcomere is the region of a myofibril between two successive:
Z-Lines
41
The sarcolemma of muscle fiber folds inwards and forms a system of tubes which runs through the sarcoplasm called:
Transverse Tubules
42
Each muscle fiber is surrounded by a modified cell membrane called:
Sarcolemma
43
Overlapping of thick filament occurs in:
A-Band
44
The sarcolemma is the membrane around?
Muscle Fiber
45
Each muscle fiber contains long threads that extend along its entire length. These are called as:
Myofibrils
46
The microtubules in the cytoskeleton are made up of proteins:
Tubulin
47
The functional unit of a muscle is known as:
Sarcomere
48
Thin filaments of muscles contain ______ chains of actin molecules.
Two
49
The thick filaments in a myofibril of muscles are made up of:
Myosin
50
What do we call the cell surface membrane of muscle fibre?
Sarcolemaa
51
Globular monomers are present in:
Actin
52
A muscle protein that has 3 polypeptides:
Troponin
53
Cross bridges form between:
Actin filaments and myosin heads
54
When a muscle is at rest, what blocks myosin from binding to actin?
Tropomyosin
55
All of the following are true regarding muscle contraction except:
➡I band shortens❌
➡A band remains unchanged❌
➡Z lines get closer'❌
➡M line disappears✅
56
Contractile protein of skeletal muscle cells involving ATPase activity is:
Myosin
57
Which triggers the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
An action potential
58
According to sliding filament theory, when muscle fibers are stimulated by the nervous system, which of the following changes occurs?
I-Bands shorten
59
A motor unit is made up of:
A motor neuron and the muscle fiber it innervates
60
It acts as immediate source of energy for muscles contraction.
ATP
61
When muscles contracts, thick and thin filaments undergo:
Overlapping
62
The function of calcium ions n muscle contraction is to:
Bind to troponin molecules and cause them to move
63
Each myosin molecule has one tail and:
2 globualr heads
64
The protein filament which binds to calicum:
Troponin
65
The majority of muscles of our body are:
Skeletal
66
Each muscle fiber is surrounded by a membrane which is called:
Sarcolemma
67
During muscle contraction:
I-Band shortens
68
The sliding protein fo muscle is:
Actin
69
The pigment which stores oxygen in muscles is:
Myoglobin
70
The length of myofibril from one Z-band to the next Z-band is known as:
Sarcomere
71
Calcium ions released during a muscle fiber contraction attach with:
Troponin
72
Regarding skeletal muscle structure, the area which contains only thick filmants:
H-Zone
73
For muscle contraction, calcium ions in sarcoplasm are released from:
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
74
Which of the following is a structural unit of skeletal muscles?
Muscle FIber
75
A sarcomere is an area between:
Two Z-lines
76
The smallest contractile part of a skeletal muscle is:
Sarcomere
77
Which band does not change its length during muscle contraction?
A-Band
78
T-tubules in skeletal muscles are formed by:
Sarcolemma
79
Bones protect critical internal organs like:
➡Brain
➡Spinal Cord
➡Heart
80
A statement not true about bones and cartilages:
Both contain the same type of living tissue
81
The total number of "Free Ribs" in the human body is:
4
82
Knee and elbow joints are examples of:
Hinge Joint
83
Which of the followings are characteristics of visceral muscles except:
➡Contain Muscle Proteins❌
➡Have Multiple nuclei✅
➡Have striations❌
➡Help in peristalsis❌
84
Muscle is derived from:
Mesoderm
85
The dark bands (A-Bands) of a skeletal muscle are known as:
Anisotropic Bands
86
The motor unit is best described as:
A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers that it innervates
87
Which of the following pairs is correctly matched:
Fibrous Joint ➡Flat skull bones
88
ATPase activity is associated with:
Myosin
89
It allows rotatory movement:
Pivot Joint
90
Which hormone regulates spermatogenesis:
Estrogen
91
Carialge is a form of:
Connective Tissue
92
Which type of cartilage is the most abundant in human body?
Hyaline cartilage
93
Which of the following is not an important function of bone?
Regulation of pH through hydration
94
Which of the following cells secrete flexible, elastic, non-living matrix clloagen?
Osteoblasts
95
Cartilage has living cells that are called:
Chondrocytes
96
What is not true about cartilage?
➡There are any blood vessels in the cartilage✅
➡It is a form of connective tissue❌
➡It covers ends of the bone at the joint❌
97
What are osteocytes?
Bone Cell
98
Hyaline cartilage forms joint between:
Growing Bone
99
Accumulation of crystals in cartilage is called:
Gout
100
The fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone is called:
Ligament
101
Which one of the following is not a character of cardiac muscles:
Muti-Nucelated
102
Muscles are composed of:
Group of cell fibers
103
Skeletal muscles are made up of:
➡Actin
➡Mysoin
➡Tropomyosin
104
Cardiac muscles differ from skeletal muscles by which of the following property?
Involuntary COntrol
105
Vertebrates have which of the following:
➡Cardiac Muscles
➡Skeletal Muslces
➡Smooth Muscles
106
It is a property of cardiac myocytes:
Fatigue resistance
107
Why skeletal muscles are called striated muscles:
Alternating dark and light bands appear on their surface when visualized via a microscope
108
Smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and organs are regulated by which of the following?
Autonomic System
109
Striated skeletal muscle cells are under:
Voluntary Control
110
Which of the following muscle fiber contains single nucleus?
Smooth Muscle
111
Which of the following grouping is incorrect?
➡Skeletal, Striated, Voluntary❌
➡Cardiac, Striated, Involuntary❌
➡Cardiac, Striated, Voluntary✅
112
An entire skeletal muscle is surrounded by:
Epimysium
113
The fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone is called:
Tendon
114
It is true about skeletal muscle cells?
It has light and dark band
115
It is present in cardiac muscle muscles but absent in smooth muscles:
Troponin
116
Which of the following muscles is involuntary and non-striated?
Smooth Muscles
117
Which is not true for cardiac muscles?
➡No distinct Nucleus✅
➡Branched❌
➡Involuntary❌
➡Inter-Calated Discs❌
118
A unique feature of the cardiac muscle cell is:
Intercalated Disc
119
Skeletal muscle associated with skeleton form:
Skeletal System
120
Cardiac Muscle are found in:
Heart
121
What structure marks the separation between two sarcomeres?
Z-Disc
122
Skeletal muscle is composed of:
Muscle Fibers
123
Sarcoplasm of the muscle fiber is similar to:
Cytoplasm of other cell
124
Sarcomere attach end to end to form:
Myofibril
125
Lien at center of A band is:
M line
126
fo the following is anisotropic?
A band
127
Region between two successive Z-lines is:
Sarcomere
128
Cross bridges are found on:
Myosin
129
The main unit of thick filament is:
Myosin
130
Myosin filaments are how many times thick as compared to actin filaments?
3 times
131
Which of the following is not true about muscle fibers?
➡Better developed for slow sustained activiites❌
➡For energy, they depend on anaerobic procedures✅
➡Myoglobin content is high❌
➡Possess mitochondria in huge numbers❌
132
The smallest contractile unit muscle contraction called sarcomere is the area between two?
Z-Line
133
Which of the following is true about sarcomeres?
Actin filaments are only found in the I band
134
What is located at both sides of the A band?
I-Band
135
Which of the following occurs during muscular contraction?
➡Actin slides over myosin
➡ATP supplies energy
➡Calcium ions are involved
136
Which of the following s true about the organization fo actin filaments and myosin in sarcomeres?
➡Myosin filaments appear thinner than actin filaments
➡Prior to constriction, there is no overlap between actin and myosin
➡The degree of overlap of actin and myosin affects the overall contractions
137
Which of the following is the name of the modified endoplasmic reticulum found in muscle cells?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
138
Muscles are composed of:
Groups of cell fibers
139
How many thin filaments are arrayed around each thick filament within a sarcomere?
6
140
Dark bands of skeletal muscles are:
A Band
141
How much of the body heat is produced by muscle tissue?
85%
142
A disc-like protein that is centrally found in sarcomeres is:
Z-Line
143
The functional unit of contractile system in striated muscle is:
Sarcomere
144
The length of the following is reduced when muscle contracts:
I-Band
145
The contractile protein of skeletal muscle involving ATPase activity is:
Myosin
146
Many sarcomere in series make up the length a:
Myofibril
147
Which is most likely to extend the entire length of muscle fiber?
Myofibril
148
The A band further divides by:
H-Zone
149
A muscle of the fascicle is a:
Bundel fo muscle fibers
150
A muscle of the fascicle is a:
Bundle fo muscle fibers
151
Bright region in A band is:
H-Zone
152
Myofilament is made of:
Protein
153
Major regulatory protein in muscle is:
Myosin-actin
154
Sarcoplasm is different from cytoplasm:
➡It contains sarcoplasmic reticulum
➡It contains glycogen
➡It contains glycogen and oxygen-binding protein, myoglobin
155
According to the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, which of the following are functions of ATP?
It allows the myosin head to detach from teh actin filament
156
What type of enzyme is myosin?
ATP hydrolase
157
Which of the following proteins does not play a fun force-tension curve of muscle contraction?
Titin
158
Calcium during muscle contraction binds with:
Troponin I
159
When a muscle fiber shortens, the following shortens:
➡Actin Filament
➡Sarcomere
160
Rigor mortis after death results due to:
Unavailability of ATP, which is necessary to break
160
What is hydrolyzes during muscle contraction
ATP
161
Actin and myosin are ___ proteins:
Fibrous
162
Skeletal muscle cause:
Eye Movement
163
Which of the following is true of troponin and tropomyosin?
Tropomyosin binds to actin and prevents the myosin head from binding to actin
164
How much ATP is required for one cycle of muscle contraction and relaxation?
1
165
The contraction of muscle by actin and myosin is described by which biological theory?
Sliding Filament Theory
166
The muscle which moves a body part away from the midline of the body is:
Extensor Muscles
167
During a muscular contraction, which of the following elements maintains constant length?
A band
168
Which of the following step occurs immediately after binding of Ca+2 with troponin molecule during muscle contraction?
Tropomyosin gets removed from the binding sites of actin filaments
169
What occurs when the thin actin and thick myosin filaments slide past each other?
Muscle Cotraction
170
The muscle which moves a body part towards the midline of the body of:
Adductor Muscles
171
Which of the following action si caused by skeletal muscles:
Eye Movements
172
Which of the following molecules binds to troponin during muscle contraction, triggering tropomyosin to move away from the actin-binding sites and allowing the myosin head to form a cross bridge?
Calcium
173
What is the purpose of calcium in muscles?
It allows tropomyosin to be pulled away from the actin filament
174
Which of the following proteins directly interacts with the myosin binding site on actin:
Tropomyosin
175
Which of the following sections of a sarcomere does not shorten during contraction?
A-Band
176
Which of the following does not occur during skeletal muscle contraction?
Calcium binds to myosin heads
177
Which two proteins are the major components of myofibrils, allowing for muscle contraction?
Actin and Myosin
178
Tropomyosin binds to ___ and prevents the myosin from sliding up the actin filament.
Actin
179
Nerves that are innervating muscle fibers are called:
Motor Neuron
180
Which disappears during muscle contractions?
H-Zone
181
Role of sarcoplasmic reticulum prior to muscle contraction:
It releases calcium ions by active transport
182
Which of the following movements are possible in a pivot joint?
Rotation
183
Type of synovial joints:
➡Hinge Joint
➡Ball and Socket Joint
184
Humerus forms joints with
Calvicle
185
Which joint is present in neck, due to which it shows movement?
Pivot Joint
186
The hinge joint and ball and socket joints are the types of :
Freely Moveable Joints
187
Fluid present in synovial joint is:
Synovial Fluid
188
The metacarpal joint is an example of:
Hinge Joints
189
The connection between two bones is:
Joint
190
Joints in which both muscle and bone are in same phase angle:
Hinge Joint
191
Which of the following comes under the structural classification
➡Synchrodoses
➡Sutures
➡Gomphosis
192
Joints are classified on the basis of:
The amount of movement allowed by them
193
Cartilaginous joints have:
Slight Movement
194
A type of joint found at the articulation between teeth and the sockets of the maxilla is:
Gomphosis
195
Humerus forms ___ joint with the scapula.
Ball and Socket
196
Which of the following is not the unique features of synovial joint?
Fibrocartilage
197
How many types of joints are present in body?
3
198
In cartilaginous joint:
Joint cavity is absent
199
A syndesmosis is present in between:
Long Bones
200
The xiphisternal joint is present between:
Body of sternum and xiphoid process
201
Inflammation of the joint is known as:
Sciatica
202
All of the following are inflammatory arthritis except:
➡Rheumatoid Arthritis❌
➡Osteoarthritis❌
➡Gouty Arthritis✅
➡Osteomyelitis❌
203
Chronic arthritis is:
Rheumatoid Arthritis
204
Chronic and inflammatory types of arthritis is:
Osteoarthritis
205
Acute form of arthritis resutls from:
Bacteria lAttack
206
Gout results due to defective metabolism of:
Xanthine oxidase
207
Most common site for auto immune disease:
Skin and Joint
208
An example of degenerative disease:
Osteoarthritis
209
Sperms of liverworts, mosses, and ferns move towards archegonia, in response to nucleic acid released by the ovum. This is an example of:
Chemotropic Movement
210
Tibia is found in:
Lower Leg
211
Biceps are:
Flexors
212
Roots of a plant show which of the following?
Negative phototropism and positive geotropism
213
Rapid movement of leaves of mimosa on touching is an example of:
Turgor movement
214
Triceps are:
Extensor Muscles
215
Cranium contains how many bones:
8
216
How many bones are humans have in the vertebral column:
33
217
Bones protect critical internal organs like:
➡Brains
➡Spinal Cord
➡Heart
