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BIOLOGY > UNIT#08 EVOLUTION > Flashcards

UNIT#08 EVOLUTION Flashcards

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1
Q

A series of changes in the genetic composition of a population over time is called;

A

Evolution

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2
Q

Product of ovulation is:

A

Species

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3
Q

Who developed a theory of natural selection essentially identical to Darwin’s?

A

Alfred Wallace

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4
Q

All of the following are related to evolution except:

A

Muscle Hypertrophy

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5
Q

Which one of the following statements is correct?

A

➡There is no evidence of the existence of gills during embryogenesis of mammals❌
➡All plant and animal cells are totipotent❌
➡Ontogeny repeats phylogeny✅
➡Stem cells are specialized cells❌

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6
Q

He was no vocal about the idea of evolution:

A

Linnaeus

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7
Q

It is not true about evolution:

A

➡It is a slow and continuous process❌
➡Evolution doesn’t leave an observable sign✅
➡Evolution transforms life on earth❌
➡Evolutionary relationships among organisms are reflected in their DNA❌

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8
Q

This theory says that mitochondria and chloroplasts are ancient bacteria that now live inside the more giant cells.

A

Endosymbiont Theory

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9
Q

Life started about:

A

3.5 billion years ago

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10
Q

Adaptations that an organism acquires by its own actions are;

A

Not heritable

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11
Q

Lamarck presented a mechanism to explain:

A

How specific adaptations evolved

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12
Q

Which one is according to Lamarcksim true?

A

Adaptations➡Variation➡Inheritance

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13
Q

Which statement is contradictory to Lamarckism?

A

Acquired characteristics can’t be inherited

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14
Q

Which of the following is not an example of the disuse of organs?

A

➡Snake’s Feet❌
➡Shedding of teeth✅
➡Muscle atrophy❌
➡Movement of ear❌

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15
Q

First ever theory which explained evolution as a process of:

A

Lamarckism

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16
Q

Unique fauna was observed by Darwin in:

A

Galapagos

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17
Q

Darwin perceived the origin of new species and :

A

Adaptation

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18
Q

What is your perception of Darwin about the unity of life?

A

All organisms descent from a common ancestor

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19
Q

Overproduction of individuals leads to the ___ amongst the members of a population;

A

Competition

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20
Q

According to Darwin ___ become better adapted to the local environment through natural selection.

A

Population

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21
Q

Survival is only for the fittest is true for:

A

Natural Selection

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22
Q

Survival in the struggle for existence depends upon:

A

Hereditary constitution

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23
Q

How many types of finches were observed by Darwin at Galapagos Island?

A

14

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24
Q

Which one is related to natural selection?

A

More people➡ Fewer Resources➡More competition

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25
Q

Darwin’s theory of evolution was mainly based on the evidence from ___

A

Geographical distribution and the fossil record

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26
Q

Over many years two population could become dissimilar enough to be designed and designated as separate species that is applied upon:

A

Galapagos finches

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27
Q

Which is not a geographical barrier?

A

Atmosphere

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28
Q

According to the theory of natural selection, organisms produce:

A

More offspring than supported

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29
Q

Which animals support Darwin’s view of inheritance of desirable variation?

A

Galapagos finches

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30
Q

____ occurs because natural selection gives some alleles a better chance of survival than others:

A

Evolution

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31
Q

Neo-Darwinism has integrated discoveries and ideas from all except:

A

➡Serology✅
➡Taxonomy❌
➡Genetics❌
➡Paleontology❌

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32
Q

Neo-Darwinism is;

A

Darwinism + Mendelism

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33
Q

The finches of Galapagos islands provide evidence in favour of;

A

Evolution due to the biography

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34
Q

Modern biological sciences suggest that ____ are the ancestors of all life forms:

A

Prokaryotes

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35
Q

___- provides visual records in a complex series showing the evolution of an organism:

A

Fossils Record

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36
Q

The presence of gill slits, in the embryos of all vertebrates, supports the theory of:

A

Recapitulation

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37
Q

Which is not the character of fossils:

A

Living

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38
Q

Functionally different but structurally alike organs are;

A

Homologous

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39
Q

Analogous organs help organism to live in:

A

Same habitat

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40
Q

Which one of the following statements could not be used to describe a species:

A

A group with analogous structures

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41
Q

When two species of different genealogy come to resemble each other as a result of adaptation, the phenomenon is termed?

A

Convergent Evolution

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42
Q

The actual remains or traces of organisms that lived in ancient geological forms?

A

Fossils

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43
Q

In humans gill pouches have been modified into;

A

Eustachian tubes

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44
Q

Vestiges of vestigial organs are those organs which ceased to be of any use in their processor but they persist to reduce from generation after generation. In man they are:

A

➡Vermiform appendix
➡Coccyx
➡Nicitating
➡Ear Muscles

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45
Q

The organs which are similar in function but different in structure, are called

A

Analogous Organs

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46
Q

Forelimbs of man, horses, and whales show;

A

Divergent Evolution

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47
Q

“Evolution is a remodelling process”, this is supported by:

A

Comparative anatomy

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48
Q

The comparative anatomy embryology of all vertebrates shows the presence of;

A

Gill pouches

49
Q

Fossils are most likely to be present in;

A

Sedimentary Rocks

50
Q

The process that has transformed life on earth from its earliest forms to vast diversity is;

A

Evolution

51
Q

The concept of evolution was first presented by which of the following scientist?

A

Aristotle

52
Q

The earliest life form on Earth is:

A

Microbes

53
Q

During Aristotle’s time, it was thought that:

A

Organisms ranged from simple to complex

54
Q

Methanopyras kandleri is an organism which lives in a hydrogen-carbon dioxide environment and was first discovered in a hydrothermal vent where the temperature reached 230°C. What sort of organism is this?

A

Archaea

55
Q

Flagella might have arisen through the ingestion of which o the following?

A

Spirochetes

56
Q

Carlos Linneaus was a believer of which in the following?

A

Special Creation

57
Q

Two populations of the same species over time grow distant from one another. At what point will these two populations be considered different species?

A

When they are no longer able to interbreed

58
Q

Which scientist does not match his achivements in the following options?

A

Cuvier published papers on inheritance

59
Q

The process by which different kinds of living organisms are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth;

A

Evolution

60
Q

He explained earth’s history by catastrophism:

A

Cuvier

61
Q

Eukaryotes evolved by prokaryotes through:

A

Symbiosis

62
Q

Who wrote an essay on population?

A

Malthus

63
Q

Lamarck was in charge of the Natural history Museum in:

A

Paris

64
Q

Which condition can be explained by Lamarckism:

A

How giraffes got their long neck

65
Q

Which of the following scientists hypothesized that organisms can pass down acquired traits during their lifetimes?

A

Lamarck

66
Q

Lamarck’s ideas on biological evolution contained correct and incorrect notions. Which of his ideas is correct?

A

Evolution is related to changes in adaptation to the environment

67
Q

The idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics was given by:

A

Lamarck

68
Q

What are parts of Lamarck’s theory of evolution?

A

➡Indivudals lose traits that they don’t need
➡Acquired characteristics are heritable
➡Indivduals gain characteristics they need

69
Q

Which of the following are important points of Lamarck’s theory?

A

➡Use and Disuse of organs
➡Inheritance of acquired characteristics

70
Q

Which scientists gave postulate that giraffes have long necks because they wanted to eat the leaves of tall trees?

A

Lamarck

71
Q

Who hypothesized that organisms evolved through the inheritance of acquired characteristics?

A

Lamarck

72
Q

Which of the following can be described by Lamarckism?

A

➡How giraffes got their long neck
➡How humans lost their tails
➡How humans became bipedal

73
Q

Use and disuse organ theory was proposed by:

A

Lamarck

74
Q

Natural selection can amplify or diminish variations that are?

A

Heritable

75
Q

Who developed a theory of natural selection essentially identical to Darwin?

A

Alfred Wallace

76
Q

Darwin was greatly influenced by:

A

Essay on population by Malthus

77
Q

Darwin’s theory mainly focuses on:

A

How new species arise

78
Q

Which theory tells about adaptation:

A

Darwin’s natural selection

79
Q

Island present near South American coastline:

A

Galapagos

80
Q

Darwin returned to Great Britain in:

A

1836

81
Q

Natural selection was the salient feature of which statement:

A

Darwin

82
Q

Darwin collected how many types of finches?

A

14

83
Q

Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is based on all of the following postulates except:

A

➡Some individuals are more successful in surviving and reproducing than other❌
➡Individuals within a population are variable❌
➡The survival and reproduction of individuals are not random❌
➡The survival and reproduction of individuals are random✅

84
Q

Darwin described his theory of natural selection as which of the following?

A

Descent with modification

85
Q

Who developed a theory of natural selection essentially identical to Darwin’s?

A

Alred Wallace

86
Q

Darwin gave his theory of evolution in:

A

1859

87
Q

Gallapagos finches indicated:

A

Allopatric speciation

88
Q

During which of the following levels of the biological organization can natural selection occur?

A

Individual

89
Q

Which of the following would best determine the fitness of an organism?

A

The number of offspring produced by the organism

90
Q

Which organism would be considered the most biologically fit?

A

Lives 36 years and produces 6 offspring

91
Q

The book name in which Darwin published the theory of evolution:

A

The origin of species

92
Q

What is the definition of “fitness” in terms of evolution?

A

The ability of an organism to contribute its genes to future generations

93
Q

The ability to pass on genes is denied as which of the following?

A

Fitness

94
Q

Darwin’s theory was based on:

A

Natural Selection

95
Q

The best definition of natural selection is:

A

Most fit individuals adapt to their environment better than less fit individuals

96
Q

Darwin’s theory can be named as;

A

Classical theory

97
Q

Specifies of natural selection are;

A

➡Regional
➡Temporary

98
Q

Neo-Darwinism has integrated discoveries and ideas from:

A

➡Gnetics
➡Paleontology
➡Taxonomy

99
Q

Neo-Darwinism came on to the surface during:

A

1940

100
Q

Homology means;

A

The similarity in characteristics resulting from common ancestors

101
Q

If two species have similar proteins and genes it means;

A

They have common ancestors

102
Q

Most of the fossils are found in which of the following?

A

Sedimentary Rocks

103
Q

Structures that were once functional in the past but no longer serve a purpose due to evolutionary adaptations and physiological changes are referred to as?

A

Vestigial

104
Q

Which type of evolution is represented by analogous organs?

A

Convergent Evolution

105
Q

Homologous organs show similarities in:

A

Origin

106
Q

Which of the following is ancient fossil fuel?

A

Fish

107
Q

The embryo of a turtle, mouse and human show:

A

Comparative embryology

108
Q

The structures of the front flipper of a whale and the forearm of a wolf have similar bone structures and derive from a common ancestor. This is an example of which o the following?

A

Homologous structures

109
Q

An example of convergent evolution is:

A

Wings of birds and insects

110
Q

The study of fossils is called:

A

Palaeontology

111
Q

Which of the following organs serve no apparent purpose?

A

Vestigial Organ

112
Q

The wings of a bird and the wings of a bottle are considered?

A

Analogous

113
Q

Which statement is incorrect?

A

➡Homologus organs are functionally different but structurally alike❌
➡Examples of homologous structures are cat, the flipper of whale❌
➡Examples of analogous structures are wings of bats, birds, and insects❌
➡Analogus organs are functionally different but structurally alike✅

114
Q

In humans, gill pouches have evolved into which of the following organs?

A

Eustachian Tubes

115
Q

Mating with non-relatives is known as;

A

Outbreeding

116
Q

A population of birds encounters a dramatic event that results in a severe decrease in population size. As a result of the newly-decreased population, what type of genetic drift does this population now exhibit?

A

Founder effect

117
Q

When resources get scarce, the population grows.

A

Slows Down

118
Q

Which statement best describes Hardy-Weinberg’s principle?

A

When there is a large population, the mechanisms of inheritance do not change allele formation

119
Q

sadf

A

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