UNIT#10 PROKARYOTES Flashcards by . .

The primary stain used in gram staining is;

Crystal violet

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Archaeobacteria lack in their structure/composition:

Peptidoglycan

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The glycocalyx is made up of;

Polysaccharides

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In Gram-negative bacteria, the outer membrane is made up of:

Lipoproteins

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All are the characteristics of Gram-positive bacteria except:

➡The high content of peptidoglycan❌
➡High permeability ❌
➡Techeoic acid is present❌
➡Stain pink with primary dye✅

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The cell envelope of a bacterium does not include:

Plasma Membrane

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Some bacteria are resistant to phagocytosis due to the presence of;

Slime

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Peptidoglycan or muerin is a special or distinctive feature of the cell wall in;

Bacteria

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The cell wall structure of a cell is unknown origin was studied and was found to contain a polysaccharide chain linked with short chains of amino acid. What do you think it can be?

Bacteria

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Find the characteristic true for Gram-positive bacteria.

Less lipids than Gram-ve

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If lipopolysaccharide did not appear in the wall of bacteria on staining, then it will be known as;

Gram-positive

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Respiratory enzymes n bacteria are present in/at:

Mesosomes

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Dormant thick walled desiccation resistant body:

Cyst

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Member of Kingdom Monera devoid of the cell wall is:

Mycoplasma

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The bacterial plasma membrane is not involved in;

Maintenance of cell shape

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Bacterial membranes differ from the eukaryotic membranes as they lack:

Cholesterol

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What is not true about bacterial spores?

➡Produced during differentiation of vegetative cells✅
➡Are heat resistant ❌
➡Are desiccation resistant❌
➡May be exospores or endospores❌

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Many bacteria are motile due to the presence of;

Flagella

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Nucleoid is a structure not found in;

Goblet cells

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____ is an invagination of cell membrane which helps in cell division.

Mesosomes

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Students were asked to give a guess about a unicellular organism with a darkly stained nucleus. Which of the following can be straight away excluded from the list?

Lactobacillus

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DNA of bacteria is present in;

Nucleoid

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If one of the following components is missing, bacteria cannot increase the number of its plasmid copies?

Origin of replication

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When tuft of the flagella is present at both the ends in the structure of bacterial cell then the condition is called;

Amphitrichous

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Which of the following is divided by fission?

Bacteria

A bacterium which has more than two flagella inserted at one pole of the cell?

Lophotrichous

The following are sexual reproduction methods for bacteria,:

Binary fission

Which of the following is true about the structure of a typical bacterium?

➡It has a cell wall ➡It has genetic material ➡It has cytoplasm

It is not true about archaea:

➡Inhibited by antibiotics✅ ➡Introns are present in some genes❌ ➡Peptidoglycan is absent in the cell wall❌ ➡Branched carbon changes in membrane lipids❌

A similarity that can be present between flagella of bacteria and an animal cell:

Motility as function

Chances of ____ having flagella are rare;

Diplococcus

What is a false statement about pili?

➡It is made up of pilin protein❌ ➡True pili present in gram-positive and negative bacteria✅ ➡Crucial for conjugation❌ ➡Means of attachment❌

Bacteria without flagella are called:

Atrichous

A bacteria with a single polar flagellum is;

Monotrichous

The bacterium with a tuft of flagella at one pole is called:

Lophotrichous

When a tuft of flagella is present at each pole of two in bacteria is called:

Amphitrichous

Many bacteria contain flagella for locomotion. When flagella surround the whole bacterial cell, this condition is called;

Peritrichous

Pili are made of a special protein called;

Pillin

Which of the following structures is present on Gram-negative bacteria only and is involved in conjugation?

Pili

The cell walls of archeobacteria do not contain:

Peptidoglycan

Which of the following is not found in all bacteria?

Capsule

Bacterial pathogenicity is due to;

Slime

Which of the following bacteria are stained purple:

Gram-positive

Which is present in both gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls?

Peptidoglycan

Peptidoglycan is absent in:

Archeobacteria

Mesosomes are internal extensions of the;

Cell membrane

Name the structure involved in DNA replication;

Mesosomes

Mesosomes are infoldings of the cell membrane and are involved in;

DNA replication

Extrachromosomal rings of DNA in bacteria are;

Plasmid

Bacteria membranes differ from eukaryotic in lacking:

Cholesterol

The thick-walled, desiccation-resistant forms in bacteria are;

Cyst

Cyanobacteria have which of the following type of cell walls?

Gram Negative

In a bacterial cell, the plasma membrane with all things present within it is called:

Protoplast

Prokaron means before nucleus is the word of ____ language.

Greek

Microbiologists place bacteria in the following major categories:

➡Eubacteria ➡Archaeobacteria

Prokaryotic life is characterized by:

Absence of nuclear envelope

All of the following are characteristics of prokaryotic cells except:

They are usually found in Protists and Fungi

Which of the given structures of cyanobacteria has a functional resemblance with the chloroplast?

Chromatophore

What is the strengthening material of the prokaryotic cell wall?

➡Peptidoglycan ➡Murein

What is not a part of protoplasm?

Capsule of bacteria

Do the gram-positive bacteria appear in which colour under gram staining?

Purple

In prokaryotes, ____ are involved in respiration.

➡Mesosomes ➡Cell Membrane

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is an anti-biotic resistant "superbug" that can cause deadly infections in humans. What would these Gram-positive bacteria look like under a microscope

Purple spheres

The filamentous appendages called pili are present only on:

Gram-Negative Bacteria

The mode of reproduction for cyanobacteria is one of the following?

Binary Fission

Which of the following is found in bacterial cells, but not in mature red blood?

DNA

A bacterium with a tuft of flagella at both poles is called?

Amphitrichous

The most common waste material produced by bacteria is:

Lactic acid

Which of the following contains genes for drug and disease resistance in bacteria?

Plasmid

Archaeobacteria can survive at which of the following temperature?

120°C

Pilli is hollow appendages in bacteria that are used for:

Conjugation

Which of the following is not considered as basic shape of a bacterium

Filamentous

The cell wall is only absent in which of the following group of bacteria?

Mycoplasma

In what category of bacteria does Neisseria most likely fail?

Cocci

Which of the following structure is not present in all bacteria:

Capsule

Which of the following is not a method of genetic recombination in a bacterium?

Binary fission

Which of the following bacteria do not commonly have flagella?

Cocci

What allows bacteria to stain positively with gram stain?

The Bacteria's thick peptidoglycan cell walls

The process of recombination in prokaryotes takes place in one o the following ways?

➡Transformation ➡Conjugation ➡Transduction

The flagella originate from which part of the cell?

Basal body

those bacteria which are fully dependent upon their host for nutrition are called?

Parasitic Bacteria

Flagella are basically compound of

Protein

Which of the following would not be found in a prokaryotic cell?

Mitochondria

Which of the following characteristics make plasmid DNA useful for researchers?

➡Readily incorporate cloned DNA ➡Capable of autonomous replication ➡Capable of being isolated from genomic DNA

Characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

➡Absence of membrane-bounded organelles ➡Absence of nucleus ➡Presenec of ribosomes

Which of the following would not be observed in a bacterial cell?

Golgi apparatus

The function of the cell wall in prokaryotes is;

➡To give cell rigidity ➡To give a specific shape ➡To protect from osmotic lysis

True bacteria are termed as;

Eubacteria

The presence of peptidoglycan in Gram-positive bacteria is;

50% dry weight

Which of the following is true for both bacterial conjugation and meiosis?

Both processes involve genetic recombination

A type of bacterial cell that completely surrounded by flagella is called;

Peritrichous

Which of the following is a heat-resistant organelle?

Spores

Which of the following is false about conjugation?

➡It forms a bridge between two bacteria cells❌ ➡It involves the transport of genetic material via vectors✅ ➡It is a form of sexual reproduction❌

For respiratory metabolism, the bacterial cell membrane contains:

Enzymes

What is the name of the region where double-stranded single circular DNA is found in the prokaryotic cell?

Nucleoid

What is true for pili and flagella-like structures of bacteria:

Both are composed of proteins

Which of the following structure provides greater pathogenicity to the bacteria?

Slime

The presence of which of these cell structures would confirm that the cell is prokaryotic?

Peptidoglycan cell wall

In prokaryotes cells, ribosomes are of;

The 70S

The cell wall of a bacterial cell is more permeable in:

Gram-positive bacteria

Which of the following is a form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells?

Binary fission

The cell wall of archaea bacteria does not contain one of the following?

Peptidoglycan

Which of the following is most responsible for bacterial cell motility?

Flagella

Chromatin body in prokaryotes can also be termed as;

➡Nuclear body ➡Nuclear Region ➡Nucleoid

Cyanobacteria help in nitrogen fixation since they have:

Heterocyst

A protein named pilin is present in;

Pilli

Periplasmic space is absent in:

Gram Negative bacteria

Which part of bacteria is most delicate and damage can kill bacterial cell immediately?

Cell Membrane

It occupies a position near the centre of the cell;

Nucleoid

Which is present in every bacterium;

Cell Membrane

Cyanobacteria are related to eukaryotes in having:

➡Photosystem I ➡Photosystem II

Spores are resistant to:

➡Antiboides ➡Environmental Stress ➡Disinfectants

Cyanobacteria move by:

➡Gas vesicles ➡Gliding motility

Purple non-sulphur is an example;

Photosynthetic bacteria

Which of the following type of bacterial replication is most similar to mitosis:

Binary Fission

An example of bacterial requiring a low concentration of oxygen is;

Campylobacter

Bacteria that live n the humus are ____.

Aerobic

Cyanobacteria are ____ in nature.

Autotroph

All bacterial species have this organelle in common;

Ribosome

Aerobic bacteria release:

CO2

Bacteria without flagella are called:

Atrichous

E.coli is a:

➡Facultative ➡Anaeroibc ➡Gram negative

Which true prokaryote is a photosynthetic bacterium?

Cyanobacteria

The structure of prokaryote which is involved in the attachment:

Pili

Cyanobacteria undergo photosynthesis with help of:

Phycobilisome

The largest number of bacteria may be found in the arrangement called:

Streptococci

Vibrio cholera belongs to which category:

Spirochete

Syphilis is caused by a:

Spirochete (Treponema Pallidum)

In which of the following shapes, gut living symbiont Escherichia coli is found?

Rod (Gram-Negative)

The arrangement of coccus bacteria in the chain is called:

Streptococci

Rod-shaped bacteria are known as:

Bacilli

When the division of the cell is into two planes it will produce an arrangement having ____ cocci.

Largest bacteria among the followings:

Epulopsicium fishelsoni

Bacteria that are pleomorphic: (Have no fixed shape)

Helicobacter pylori

The most ancient bacteria are:

Archaebacteria

The germ theory of Disease was formulated by:

Robert Koch

E.coli is a ____ bacteria.

Gram-ve

The smallest bacteria are:

Mycoplasma

Which of the following do not possess a cell wall?

Mycoplasma

Mycoplasma is about _____ in diameter.

10-200 nm

A square of 4 cocci is termed as:

Tetrad

A cube of 8 cocci is called:

Sarcina

Rod-shaped bacteria are called;

Bacilli

Bacterial arrangements having division in random planes are:

Staphylococcus

Which of the following are spiral-shaped bacteria?

Vibrio

Curved comma-shaped bacteria are called:

Vibrio

Streptobacillus is basically a:

Chain of bacilli

The several distinct arrangements of cocci is based on their:

Planes of division

In cocci, three plane division results in the formation of sarcina which is a:

Cube of 8 cocci

Division of cocci in three planes results in the formation of;

Sarcina

The size of the spirochete is approximate.

500 μm

Spiral-shaped bacteria are:

Vibrio

A huge microorganism, Acanthrus nigrofuscus is a _____ discovered in the intestine of brown surgeonfish.

Bacterium

A Group of 8 cocci bacteria is called:

Sarcina

Which o the following has a chain-like arrangement?

Streptococci

Which of the following bacteria possesses a spherical shape?

Staphylococcus aureus

Coccobaciluus has a shape similar to which the following?

Egg

Which has a spiral shape bacteria?

Spirochete

Which o the following bacteria is equal to the size of a hyphen?

Epulopiscium fishelsoni

Bacteria that live in the intestine and produce vitamin "K" belongs to;

Bacillus (E.coli=Gram Negative)

Resistance against antibodies is mainly increasing because of;

Misuse of Antibiotics

A chemotherapeutic agent is/are:

Antibiotics

Bacteria present in canned foods are:

Clostridium botulinum

Antibiotics and hormones can be sterilized by using:

Membrane filtration

What is true about antibiotics?

Can also be synthesized in the laboratory

Treatment by using attenuated culture of bacteria is called:

Vaccination

Which one of the following antibiotics causes permanent discolouration of teeth in young children if it is misused?

Tetracycline

Antibiotics interfere with some aspects of the growth or metabolism of the target organism such as:

➡Synthesis of bacterial walls ➡Plasma membrane function ➡Protein synthesis ➡Enzyme action

Select the method which causes the oxidation of chemical constituents of a bacterial cell;

Dry heat

Which of the following can have a microbicidal effect?

➡Alcohol ➡Formaldehyde ➡Antibiotics

_____ are in general used for the sterilization process.

Gamma Rays

All of the following can be sterilized by membrane filters except:

Flasks

Chemical substances used on living tissues that inhibit the growth of microorganisms are called:

Antiseptics

Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic chemical substances which are synthesized and secreted by:

Certain bacteria

Pasteur was of the pioneer microbiologists. His main achievement is the development of vaccines for diseases.

Anthrax-Fowl Cholera-Rabies

The agent responsible for rabies is:

➡Rabid Dogs ➡Foxes ➡Cats

Chemical substances used on living tissues that inhibit the growth of microorganisms are called:

Antiseptic

Approximately how many species of bacteria are known to cause disease in humans?

Antiseptics

Approximately how many species o bacteria are known to cause diseases in humans?

200

Discolouration of teeth is due to misuse of:

Tetracycline

For sterilization, ____ is used.

UV Rays

Deafness is caused by excess use of:

Streptomycin

Bacteria play important role in;

Nitrogen Cycle

For sterilization, which of the following is used:

➡Dry Heat ➡Moist Heat ➡Gamma Rays

Pesticides and insecticides are made up of;

Chemical agents

Removal of a parasite from the body of the host is called;

Disinfection

What is the main role of bacteria?

➡CO2 Cycle ➡Nitrogen Cycle ➡Phospohrus Cycle

A bacteria with single polar flagellum is called:

monotrichous

Curved or comma shaped bacteria are called:

Vibrio

A square of 4 cocci is termed as;

Tetrad

The bacteria with a tuft of flagella at one pole is called:

Lophotrichous

The bacteria without any flagella at one pole is called:

Atrichous

Rod shaped bacteria are called;

Bacilli

When tuft of flagella is present at each pole of two in

Amphitrichous

Acanthurus nigrofuscus is a:

FIsh

A tetrad is square of:

4 cocci

If tuft of flagella is present only at one pole of bacteria than there are called as:

Lophotrococcus

A cube of eight cocci is termed as;

Sarcina

Germ theory of disease was formulated by:

Robert Koch

Oval shaped bacteria are:

Cocci

These are smallest and without cell wall:

Mycoplasma

Bacterial flagella originate from

Basal Body

Pili are primarily involved in:

Conjugation

When cocci occur in pairs, their arrangement is:

Diplococcus

Pili are made of a special protein called:

Pillin

Which is aerobic respiration:

Pseudomonas

Peptidoglycans absent in:

Archaeo bacteria

The cell wall is absent in:

Mycoplasma

Primarily involved in conjugation between bacterial cells

Pili

Bacterial pathogenicity is due to;

Slime

The bacteria which can grow either in the presence or absence of oxygen is called:

Facultative Bacteria

The cell walls of Archeaobacteria do not contain;

Peptidoglycan

Which one of the following is not found in all bacteria?

Capsule

The cell walls of most bacteria have a unique macromolecule called:

Peptidoglycan

Mesosomes are internal extensions of the;

Cell membrane

Which is a microaerophilic bacterium?

Campylobacter

Prokaryotic cells have small-sized ribosomes as compared to eukaryotic cells with the units:

The 70S

Which of the following is not found in all bacterial cells?

Capsule

Important vectors in modern genetic engineering techniques are:

Plasmid

Which one of the following requires a low concentration of oxygen:

Campylobacter

Cysts are dormant, thick-walled, desiccation-resistant forms and develop during:

Differentiation of vegetative cells

First discovered antibiotic is:

Penicillin

Asexual reproduction in bacteria occurs by:

Binary fission

The rapid phase of growth of bacteria is:

Log

The thick-walled reproductive cells of cyanobacteria are called;

Akinete

Bacteria increase in number by asexual mean of replication;

Binary fission

Bacteria prepare themselves for division during:

Lag phase

Bacteria divide at an exponential rate during:

Log phase

The antibiotic which causes permanent discolouration of teeth in young children is:

Tetracycline

Conjugation in bacteria is promoted by the structure;

Pili

Reserve food material in cyanobacteria is:

Glycogen

_________is a poisonous mushroom whose gills glow in dark

Jack-O'lantern

When cocci form long chain of cells then arrangement is called

Streptococci

It is known as phase of no growth

Lag phase

The growth of bacterial cells occurs by

Binary fission

Bacteria cannot survive in a highly salted pickle because of

Plasmalysis and killing

Antibiotics are mostly obtained from

Bacteria

Plasmids are

Circular DNA

Some Complex bacterial cells have

Mesosomes

The uniqueness of bacterial photosynthesis is because it can occur

Without light

Gram Positive Bacteria differ from Gram Negative bacteria in the structure of their

Cell wall

Vibrio cholera belongs to which category

Spirochete

Bacteria which need oxygen but can also live in the absence of oxygen are

Facultative anerobes

The flagella of bacteria are composed of

Flagellin

Conjugation introduces ______ in bacterial population

New traits

Coma shaped bacteria are

Vibrio

Nitrogen fixing organism which can be symbiotic is

Rhizobium

Bacterial ribosomes lie in/on

Cytoplasm

Which of the following are the smallest bacteria

E. coli

True Pili are present in_______bacteria

Gram Negative

Some bacteria are resistant to phagocytosis due to the presence of

Slime

Plasma membrane and everything in it is called

Protoplast

In bacteria which of the following structure is responsible for drug and insect resistance

Plasmid

Cyclosporine is used to lower

Immune system

The first eukaryote to be used by genetic engineer was

Yeast

Bacteria produce spore in ______ phase

Decline phase

Respiratory enzymes in bacteria are present in

Mesosome

A fungal origin drug used against bacterial infections is

Penicillin

One of the following is not correct about lysogeny

Master slave relation

Bacteria present in canned foods is

Clostridium botulinum

Bacteria that live in intestine and produce vitamin K belongs to

Bacillus

Dormant thick walled desiccation resistant body

Cyst

All are chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria except

Rhizobium

In five kingdom classification unicellular, colonial and non nucleated bacteria placed in

Monera

The Moneran devoid of cell wall is

Mycoplasma

Largest number of bacteria may be found in the arrangement called as

Streptococci

Primary gram's stain is

Crystal Violet

Archaebacteria lack in their structure/ composition

Peptidoglycan

Bacterial plasma membrane is not involved in

Maintenance of cell shape

All are the characteristics of Gram Positive Bacteria except

State pink with primary dye

Resistance against antibiotics is mainly increasing because of

Misuse of antibiotics

Chemotherapeutic agent is/are

Antibiotic

Cell envelope of a bacterium does not involve

Plasma membrane

Bacterial membrane differ from Eukaryotic membrane as the lack

Cholesterol

Feulgen stain is specifically used to identify

DNA

What is not true about bacterial spore

Produced during differentiation of vegetative cells

What is true about antibiotics

Can also be synthesized in laboratory

The smallest knwon bacteria are;

Mycoplasma

The shape of the bacterium is in between a typical coccus and a bacillus, so the shape of bacterium is:

Coccobacillus

Bacteria which is helically curved rod is;

Spirillum

Eight cocci in a single plane will ofrm;

Streptococci

One, which is not presen in bacterial cels?

Microtub

Number of major layers in cell wall of Gram negative bacteria is/are:

Which of the folowing is correct sequence of events of binary fission in bacteria?

Cell enlargment>Chromosome duplication>Plasma membrane invagination

Exchange of genetic material between two bacteria via formation of cytoplasmic bridge is called;

Conugation

Asexual reproduction in bacteria occurs thorugh:

Binary fission

The process in which DNA of a bacteria cell is transferred into another bacterial cell by a virus us known as;

Transduction

Process which kills bacteria as well as spores is called:

Sterilization

Dry heat causes killing of germs by:

Oxidation of their chemicals

Water purification of pond by chlorination is an example of;

Disinfection

A procedure to eliminate possibility of infection;

Antispetics

Literal meaning of antibiotics is:

Against life

Antibiotics may not be produced by:

Bacteriophage

Bacterium which is helically curved rod is:

Spirillum

Eight cocci in a sinlge plane will form;

Streptococci

Cell wall of archaeobacteria does not contain:

Peptidoglycan

Bacterial cell envelope is a complex of layers external to;

Cell protoplasm

Cell envelop does not inclde:

Spore

Feulgen stain is used in study of bacterial;

DNA

Cytoplasmic matrix of bacterial cell contains;

Plasmids

Number of major layers in cell wall of Gram negative bacteria is/are:

Bacteria that get nutrition from other organisms and causes diseases in them are;

Parasitic

Vitamin K producing bacteria are present in;

Colon

Bacteria which can grow either in presence or absence of oxygen are called;

Facultative Bacteria

Even a small amount of oxygen is toxic for;

Spirochete

It is a phase of bacterial growth where death rate is equal to rate of reproduction:

Stationary Phase

Bacterial spores are usually formed during:

Decline phase

asexual reprodcution in bacteria occurs thorugh;

Binary Fission

Bacterial growth can be seen in al phases except;

Lag phase

It causes destruction of all life forms:

Sterilization

First antibiotic was obtained from;

Fungi

Water purification of pond by chlorination is an example of;

Disinfection

A procedure to eliminate possibility of infection:

Antiseptics

Effect that instanlty kills microbes is;

Microbicidal

Which of the following is more ancient than others?

Blue-Green algae

Reserve food material in cyanobacteria:

Glycogen

Genetic recombination in bacteria leads to variation Which process leads to genetic recombination through bacterial pili?

Conjugation

Which process in bacteria always allows chromosomal and non-chromosmal DNA transfer?

Binary Fission

Hydrogen donor in photosynthesis of purple sulphur bacteria is:

H2S

Bacteria that convert nitrates into free nitrogen are:

Denitrifying

Which is not the part of bacterial cell membrane?

Sterol

Which of the following structure is not present in all bacteria?

Capsule

In bacteria, the respiratory enzymes are situated in the part of:

Cell Membrane

The main difference between Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria resides in their:

Cell Wall

The germ theory of disease was put forth by:

Koch

Uncoating of HIV viron occurs:

In cytoplasm of the host cell

Bacteria were discovered by:

A.V. Leuwenhoek

Smallest organisms capable of growth, division and reproduction are:

Mycoplasma

A bacterium with flagella all around is:

Peritrichous

Bacterium lack alternation of generations because there s:

Neither syngamy nor reduction division

Gram stain represents:

A technique for staining bacteria and developed by Gram

All are the characteristics of Gram-positive bacteria except:

➡High content of peptidoglycan❌ ➡High permeability❌ ➡Teichoic acid is present❌ ➡Stain pink with primary dye✅

Which is not true for bacterial cell walls?

Not antigenic

Flagella are basically composed of:

Protein

Bacteria differ from viruses in:

Having well deined cytoplasm

It is responsible for drug and insect resistance in bacteria:

Plasmid

Pili are appendages of:

Bacteria

Bacterial plasmids are:

Circular ds DNA

A bacterium divides every 36 minutes. If a culture containing 10^5 cells/ml is grown for 180 minutes, what will be the cell concentration after that period?

32 x 10^5

Ribosomes of E.coli are:

70S

Which vitamin is synthesized by bacteria in the human gut?

Harmful substances released by bacteria are:

Toxins

What is false about pili?

True pili present in Gram positive bacteria

The smallest known bacteria are devoid of cell wall and are included in the genus:

Mycoplasma

The size of cocci is measured in:

Single Dimension

The term 'pleomorphic bacteria' is used to represent the bacteria having:

Variable Genome

Pseudomonas is an example of:

Bacilli

What is the term used for the arrangement of bacteria shown in the following diagram?

Streptococci

Which of the following statement is false?

➡Bacterial cell membrane lacks sterols❌ ➡Cell wall of bacteria is inner to the cell membrane✅ ➡Pili are involved in conjugation❌ ➡Gram-positive bacteria have thicker cell walls than gram-negative bacteria❌

The cytoplasm of bacteria differs from that of a common eukaryotic cell in having:

Gel-like consistency as a whole

Bacteria which rarely show chemotaxis are:

Cocci

Teichoic acid is associated with:

Cel wall of gram positive bacteria

It is a part of the intracellular matrix of the bacterial cells:

Basal body

Feulgen stain is used to dye bacterial:

Chromatin Body

A bacterial cell unlike cells of eukaryotic organism lacks all except:

Flagella

Peptidoglycan is present in the cell wall of all of the followig bacteria except:

Archaeobacteria

It protects the bacterial cell from osmotic lysis:

Cell Wall

Which statement is true about bacterial cell membranes?

Bacterial cell membrane is involved in cellular respiration

Bacteria are sad to be haploid because they:

Have a single chromosomes

Approximately ___ species of bacteria are human pathogens.

200

It causes coagulation of bacterial prtoeins:

Moist Heat

In the physical control of bacteria, __ is used for heat-sensitive compounds.

Microwave oven

Antiseptics are used to control bacteria in/onn:

Living Tissues

____ used the attenuated culture of bacteria as a vaccine.

L. Pasteur

Gamma rays are commonly used for:

Sterilization

Bacteria are considered primitive to fungi due to the lack of:

True Nucleus

It is a cube of eight cocci:

Sarcina

They are primarily involved in mating process between cells:

Conjugation

The cell wall of bacteria is composed of:

Murein

Chemotaxis and motility are not shown by most of the:

Cocci

Bacterial plasmids carry genes for:

➡Drug Resistance ➡Fertility Factor ➡Heavy Metal Resistance

It is the structure present in all bacteria:

Ribosomes

Mycoplasma resemble bactera in their:

Nature of DNA and Ribosomes

In bacterial cell, electron transport system occurs in its:

Plasma Membrane

How many bacterial cells will be produced in 4 hours, if the bacterium is dividng every 30 minutes?

256

A higher amount of murein occurs in the cell wall of:

Gram-positive bacteria

E.coli is:

Haploid

Some bacteria are not easily killed by antibiotics or heat treatment because of their:

Capsule or Endospores

Plasmid DNA of Escherichia coli has been used extensively in:

Recombinatn DNA technology

Which one of the following is common waste material in bacteria?

Acetic acid

In bacteria, sex is determined by presence of:

F-Factor

Teichoic acid is found in cell wall of:

Gram positive fforms

The flagella of bacterial cell consists of:

Helically arranged protein molecules

All of the following are included in bacterial appendages except:

basal Body

antibiotics, seras, hormones etc. can be sterilized by means of:

Membrane Filtration

Sterilization is done by:

Autoclaving

During the pasteurization process, milk is heated to 71.7º C for:

15 seconds only

Antibiotics can act on all of these parts of bacteria except:

Histone Proteins

Endospore formation occurs in:

Bacillus Forms

Broad spectrum antibiotics are one which attack:

A wide range of pathogens

Which of the following types of cells utilize DNA as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?

Bacteria

In bacteria, DNA will be found in:

The nucleoid

The cell walls of most bacteria have a unique macromolecule called:

Peptidoglycan

The cytoplasm of prokaryotic cell lacks membrane-bound organelles and:

Cytoskeleton

The nuclear material or DNA in abcterial cells is a single, ircular and:

Double Stranded

Christian Gram developed the technique of:

Gram Staining

The cell walls of archaeobacteria are ___.

➡Proteins ➡Glycoprotiens ➡Polysaccharides

The plasma membrane and everything present within is known as:

Protoplast

The cell membrane invaginates into the ___ cytoplasm forming a structure called:

Mesosome

Most of the bacilli and spiral-shaped bacteria have:

Flagella

Nucleoid is visible in the light microscope after staining with:

Feulgain stain

Mesosomes are involved in:

DNA replication and Cell Division

A slippery outer covering in some bacteria that protects them from phagocytosis by host cells is:

Slime

A shiny, sticky colony of Streptococcus pneumonia is likely to be:

Encapsulated and Pathogenic

When flagella are distributed all around a bacterial cell, the arrangement is called:

Peritrchous

Because penicillin prevents peptidoglycan sytnehsis, it is more effectve on __ cells.

Gram Negative Bacteria

Flagella and pili are made of:

Protein

The bacterial envelope includes all of the following structures except:

Endospore

All of the following structures of bacteria contain protein except:

Plasmids

Which of the following contains polysaccharide?

Gram Negative Cell Wall

Endospores are all for the following except __ as coapred to vegetative cells:

More resistant to staining

What is a cluster of polar flagella called?

Lophotrichous

Flagella in bacteria enable them to:

Locomote

This is analogous to mesosomes of bacteria:

Mitochondria of eukaryotes

The iodine is used as ___ in the gram staining technique.

Mordant

Which of the following bacteria lack a cell wall and are therefore resistant to penicillin?

Mycoplasmas

In gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan makes ___ of dry weight in some bacterial cells:

50%

The overall thickness of the gram-negative type of cell wall is:

8-11 nm

The genetic system is located in the prokaryotes in:

➡Nucleoid ➡Chromatin ➡Nuclear material

The cooci which form bunch and irregular pattern are:

Staphyloccoci

Bacteria range in size from about ___ over a single dimension.

0.1 to 600 μm

Smallest of the bacteria belong to:

Mycoplasma

Staphylococci and Streptococci are __ in diameter

0.75 - 1.25μ

Sarcina has ___ cocci.

Bacteria that show growth in 3 dimensions in regular planes are called:

Sarcina

Structure present in almost all bacteria but not in all bacteria:

Cell Wall

Gram-negative bacteria are stained pink. This is because they retain secondary dye.

Pink

Gram-negative retain secondary dye which is:

Saffranine

Approximately ___ species of bacteria are known to cause diseases in humans:

200

In gram-negative bacteria, peptidoglycan makes ___ of the total dry weight of their cell walls.

10%