UNIT#01 BIO-DIVERSITY Flashcards
1
Q
Which one of the following is a double-stranded virus?
A
Poxvirus
2
Q
HIV is classified as;
A
Retrovirus
3
Q
The genome of the influenza virus is made up of:
(Influenza virus = Enveloped)
A
Single Stranded virus
4
Q
Polio viruses are:
A
Spherical viruses
5
Q
Which one is not RNA virus?
A
➡Influenza Virus❌
➡Mumps and Measles virus❌
➡Polio virus✅
6
Q
Phylogeny describes a species:
A
Evolutionary history
7
Q
Of the following terms, which one includes all the others:
A
Class
8
Q
Orders include related;
A
Families
9
Q
The basic unit of classification is;
A
Species
10
Q
Lions and tigers are different species. The result of the mating of a male tiger and female lion is offspring called Tiglions. They are:
A
Infertile
11
Q
Some ranks of classification are listed below. In which group, would there be the greatest similarity between members in terms of structure and function:
A
Species
12
Q
Poales is the taxonomic group to which corn (Zea mays) belongs. What is the rank of the taxon Poales?
A
Order
13
Q
The biological name of Onion is:
A
Allium cepa
14
Q
To accommodate euglena-like organisms and bacteria, Kingdom Protista was proposed by:
A
Ernst Hackel
15
Q
An independent organism is discovered that does not contain a nucleus. In all likelihood, I would be classified in the kingdom:
A
Monera
16
Q
Eukaryotic multicellular Autotrophs are included in the kingdom:
A
Plantae
17
Q
Organelle of symbiotic origin is;
A
Mitochondrion
18
Q
Where can viruses replicate?
A
➡Animals
➡Plants
➡Bacteria
19
Q
These are the largest animal viruses:
A
Poxviruses
20
Q
Viruses do not have:
A
Fossil record
21
Q
In plants, tumours are induced due to:
A
➡Bacteria
➡Virus
➡Fungi
22
Q
Cell theory does not explain:
A
Virus
23
Q
Which of the following has no nucleic acid?
A
Prions
24
Q
It is a biological weapon:
A
Virus
25
Virus transmission is affected by:
➡Biotic Factors
➡Physical Factors
26
Viruses are _____ entities between living and non-living.
Transitional
27
Virus when attacks an unfamiliar organism, it is mutated many times and comes as:
➡More virulent and dangerous
➡More mutated
➡More transmissible
28
Viruses are classified into many groups on the basis of:
Capsid symmetry
29
Viruses use which of the following enzyme for the break-down of the bacterial cell walls?
Lysozymes
30
Viral proteins and genome in the host cell are assembled at:
Cytoplasm
31
The virus can bud from:
➡RER
➡Golgi Complex
➡Nuclear Envelope
32
_____ refers to the removal or breakdown of the capsid.
Uncoating
33
Which viruses enter the host cell as a whole?
Animal Virus (e.g. pox virus)
34
The filterable agents were first purified in 1935 when Stanley was successful in crystallizing the ____
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
35
Tobacco mosaic virus was discovered by:
Iwanowski
36
Viruses cannot replicate in:
Blood Plasma
37
Members of which of the following group are all parasites?
Viruses
38
The volume of bacteriophage is about ____ of the host.
1/1000
39
It is true for viruses:
No independent metabolic activities
40
Viruses cannot be grown on artificial cultural media because they are:
Obligate intracellular parasites
41
Cilia and flagella are absent in:
Viruses
42
The virus can only survive and reproduce inside a:
Living cells
43
The branch which deals with the study if the virus is called:
Virology
44
Viruses are the simplest organisms that are:
only DNA or RNA particles without cellular
45
A scientist who first developed the technique of vaccination in 1795:
Edward Jenner
46
A virion is:
Virus
47
The capsid is made up of protein sub-units known as:
Capsomeres
48
Twort in 1915 and D'Herelle in 1917 discovered:
Bacteriophages
49
Bacteriophage replicates only in _____ cell.
Bacterial
50
Mad cow infections and mysterious brain infections in man are caused:
Prions
51
The branch that deals with the study of viruses is known as?
Virology
52
Louis Pasteur made vaccines for:
➡Rabies
➡Anthrax
➡Fowl cholera
53
According to Iwanowski what are soluble living germs?
Viruses
54
When was the bacteriophage phenomena rediscovered by D'Herelle?
1917
55
When were bacteriophage discovered by Twort?
1915
56
Viruses that were discovered in 1901:
Yellow Fever
57
Which of the following is composed of nucleic acids only?
Viroid
58
In Prions, information is carried further through:
Proteins
(Misfolded)
59
It is present in all the viruses:
Capsid
60
The component responsible for determination of the shape of the virus is:
Protein sub-units
(Capsid gives shape)
61
Which of the following is not an essential part of the virus?
Envelope
62
A virion is a:
Virus
63
_____ capsomeres are present in the capsid of the herpes virus.
162
64
The genome of most animal viruses contains:
RNA
65
In viruses, a combined structure formed by core (Nucleic acid) and capsid is:
Nucleocapsid
66
The capsid, the protective coat of a virus is made up of sub-units known as capsomeres that are ____ in nature.
Protein
67
Among followings, ___-enzyme is naturally found in human immunodeficiency virus
Reverse Transcriptase
68
The genome of a virus is composed of:
➡DNA
➡RNA
69
Which of the following is not related to an enveloped virus?
➡They survive for a short time❌
➡They are tolerant to antibodies✅
➡Their envelope is sensitive to sunlight❌
➡Enveolpe is derived from host❌
70
The complete nature and infection virus particle is known as:
Virion
71
In the lytic cycle of bacteriophage, the phage is regarded as:
Master
72
The bacteriophage replicates only inside the:
Bacterial cell
73
The part of bacteriophage that enters the host cell is:
Genome
74
The bacteriophage attaches itself by its tail to the cell wall of the bacterium at:
Adhering surface
75
When a virus is in the lysogenic cycle, which of these will occur?
Viral DNA becomes incorporated into the host DNA
76
The enzyme that is present in the cytoplasm as well as present in a virus also:
Dehydrogenase
77
bacteriophages are:
Virus attacking bacteria
78
Bacteriophages exhibit life cycles that are:
➡Lytic
➡Lysogenic
79
Lytic cycle completion occurs about:
25 min
80
The process in which the phage is called a prophage is termed as:
Lysogeny
81
Temperate phage may exist as:
Prophage
82
The enzyme involved in viral replication is synthesized.
By the host cell
83
it is very stable and allows viruses to exist in water, air or and the ground:
Nucleocapsid
84
The complete, mature and infections particle is known as:
Virion
85
The virus is composed of:
➡Nucleic acid
➡Capsid
86
The protein coat of a virus enclosing nucleic acid is called:
Capsid
87
What molecule would you not expect to find in a retrovirus?
Thymine
(Because RNA is present)
88
What is the size of Parvovirus?
20nm
89
The viral DNA or RNA is protected by:
Shell of proteins
90
What type of virus is the smallpox virus?
DNA enveloped virus
91
What is the viral nucleocapsid made up of?
➡Genome
➡Capsid
92
What types of viruses are the poliovirus?
RNA naked virus
93
Herpes simplexes are caused by which virus?
Herpes virus
94
What type of virus is the herpes simplex virus?
Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)
95
The number of capsomeres found in adenovirus capsid is:
252
96
The number of capsomeres found in herpes virus capsid is;
162
97
The genome of the virus includes:
➡Deoxyribose acids
➡Ribonucleic acids
98
Viruses without nuclear envelopes are called:
Naked virus
99
Which of the following are the main functions of the capsid?
➡Determines the antigenic specificity of the virus
➡Protects genetic material from nuclease attack
100
Which of the following statements explains why viruses are only able to multiply in living cells?
Viruses do not possess the necessary components for self-replication
101
A chemical component that is not found in all viruses is;
Lipids
102
A common polyhedral capsid shape of viruses is:
Icosahedron
103
Identify the true statement about the virus:
➡Virus was discovered 2 billion years ago❌
➡Viruses came from outer space❌
➡Viruses evolved before bacteria❌
➡Viruses can infect all types of cells✅
104
The average diameter of large viruses is approximate:
100 to 200nm
105
What are the sub-units of capsids?
Capsomeres
106
A viral envelope is composed of:
➡Lipids
➡Proteins
107
It refers to the final changes within an immature virion that result in an infectious virus particle:
Assembly
108
All of the following descriptions regarding viral multiplication and nucleic acids are true except that:
➡Viruses contain DNA or RNA, not both❌
➡Viral mRNA, viral tRNA and viral ribosomes are used in viral replication✅
➡Viruses replicate only in living cells❌
➡Viruses use the cell's biosynthetic machinery to synthesize copies of them❌
109
Which of the following is not true for a virion?
➡Rperoduce independently✅
➡Contain DNA❌
➡Contain RNA❌
➡Extracellular❌
110
The protein coat of a virus enclosing nucleic acid is called:
Capsid
111
What is the approximate diameter of retroviruses?
100 nm
112
When a virus enters a cell and incorporates its RNA or DNA into the host DNA, what is this stage called:
Lysogeny
113
Phage DNA incorporated into host DNA is referred as:
Prophage
114
Infectious RNA without capsid:
Viroid
115
What does the size range between?
20 nm to 250 nm
116
Which of the following statement is not true of viruses?
➡Viruses have been successfully grown in pure cultures in test tubes✅
➡All viruses are obligate intracellular parasites❌
➡All viruses have either DNA or RNA as their genetic material❌
➡Viruses probably arose from small fragments of cellular chromosomes❌
117
What is the shape of TMV?
Rod
118
In the nucleus, the ssDNA viral genome is converted to dsDNA by:
DNA polymerase
119
Reverse transcriptase is a useful enzyme to have when:
RNA virus converts its RNA to DNA
120
What is a provirus?
Integrated viral genome
121
The function of a viral capsid is?
➡Protection against the viral genome from physical and enzymatic destruction
➡Provide binding sites that enable the virus to attach to specific receptor sites on the host cell
➡Serving as a vehicle of transmission from one host to other
122
Which of the following virus is enveloped?
Herpes Virus
123
Which of the following is not a described type of virus?
Virus containing single-strand RNA and single-strand DNA
124
The size of viruses is usually measured in:
Nanometers
125
Icosahedral viruses have how many faces?
20
126
Viruses differ from bacteria by:
Having capsule
127
It is not true about viruses:
➡Capsid has capsomeres❌
➡Both DNA and RNA together as a genome✅
➡Some are enveloped❌
➡Many infect animals❌
128
The causative agent of smallpox is:
DNA enveloped virus
129
Which of the following statements are true about viruses:
Obligate parasites
130
Which factors may help to determine the antigenicity of a virus?
Capsomeres
131
Which of the following has the morphology of a helical virus?
TMV
132
HBV is:
DNA enveloped virus
133
A structure which is located between the nucleocapsid and the envelope:
Matrix protein
134
Viroids lack:
Protective protein coat
135
What type of viruses are the paramyxoviruses?
RNA enveloped viruses
136
Which of the following viruses possess an envelope?
Herpes virus
137
What does an icosahedral capsid consist of
Hexagonal capsomeres
138
Viruses are limited in their host range because:
They can only enter cells that have specific receptors
139
Viruses replicate on their own:
Lack metabolic pathway
140
It is incorrect about viruses:
➡Acellular structure❌
➡DNA❌
➡RNA❌
➡Metabolism✅
141
Most commonly, lesions can be seen around the mount, lips and at other skin sites in:
Herpes
142
Viral inflammation of the parotid gland is commonly associated with:
Mumps
143
All of the following are viral diseases except:
Tetanus
144
Hepatitis A virus is:
ssRNA
145
HIV is transmitted through:
Faecal-Oral route
146
Viruses that attack the spinal cord are:
Poliovirus
147
Poliomyelitis affects:
Motor neuron
148
Smallpox is caused by the pox virus which is:
DNA enveloped virus
149
Mad cow disease is caused by:
Prion
150
Hepatitis C is also known as:
Infusion Hepatitis
151
Pigs are reservoirs for:
Hepatitis E
152
The enzyme involved in viral replication are synthesized:
By the host cell
153
Ribavirus is used to treat:
Hepatitis A
154
The virus that affects genital organs:
HSV
155
Which of the following pair of diseases is viral?
➡Rabies
➡Measels
156
Polio vaccine is given by:
Oral Drops
157
Which of the following are the simplest forms of pathogens causing disease?
Prions
158
Which is not a viral disease?
Malaria
159
Oral herpes is caused by:
HSV-1
160
Which of the following diseases is caused by a viroid?
Hepatitis D
161
____ is known to cause cancers in animals.
Rous sarcoma virus
162
All eukaryotes that did not fit the definition of plants, fungi or animals were included in Kingdom
Protista
163
Smallpox is caused by:
DNA enveloped virus
164
Which is not RNA virus?
➡Small pox virus✅
➡Influenza virus❌
➡Mumps and Measles virus❌
➡Polio virus❌
165
Herpes simplex is caused by
DNA virus
166
Influenza viruses are:
RNA enveloped
167
Paramyxoviruses are:
➡Mumps
➡Measels
168
Measles and mumps are caused by a virus belonging to a group called as:
Paramyxoviruses
169
All of the following are developed from embryo except
Protists
170
Amoeba belongs to which Kingdom
Protista
171
Kingdom protista includes
Eukaryotic organisms
172
Organisms of which of the following Kingdom has absorptive mode of nutrition
Fungi
173
It is believed that all Complex animal forms evolved from
Protista
174
Viruses may not replicate in
Blood plasma
175
Nucleic acid is the only component of
Viroid
176
It is false for viruses
Viruses contain both DNA and RNA
177
The component responsible for determination of shape of virus is
Protein sub units
178
In Prions information is carried further through
Proteins
179
______ capsomeres are present in capsid of Herpes virus
162
180
Major cells that are infected by HIV are
T-helper cells
181
It acts as a template strand for reverse transcriptase
Viral RNA
182
The phenomenon of transcription in HIV life cycle occurs in
Nucleus
183
Attachment of HIV DNA with host DNA is done via action of
Integrase
184
HIV can be transmitted by all of the following sources except
Saliva
185
Uncoating of HIV virion occurs
In cytoplasm
186
What is common to bacteria, Mosses and fungus
presence of cell wall
187
Kingdom Protista contains
Unicellular eukaryotes
188
Which of the following is incorrect about Protista
Members of Protista are primarily terrestrial
189
Sleeping sickness is caused by
Trypanosoma
190
The protist which possess flagella is
Trypanosoma
191
Which of the following is not example of fungus
Slime molds
192
The following features belongs to
1. body consists of long, Slender thread like structures called hyphae.
2. cell wall consists of chitin
3. cosmopolitan
Fungi
193
Life cycle in plant has generally two distinct phase the ______ sporophytic and the _____ gametophytic that alternate with each other. This phenomenon is called as alternation of generation
Diploid, haploid
194
Plant cells have all except
Centriole
195
Organisms referred to as amphibians of plant Kingdom are
Bryophytes
196
When the body of an animal can be divided into equal left and right halves by one plane symmetry. It is known as
Bilateral
197
Mammalia means organism with possess
Mammary gland
198
The growth and the reproduction are mutually exclusive events in
Higher animals and plants
199
Growth by cell division occurs _____ in plants and ______ in animals
Continuously, only up to a certain age
200
Virus is
Inert crystalline structure outside the living cell
201
viruses can be seen through
Electron microscope
202
Bacteriophages generally have
Double standard RNA
203
Capsomeres maybe arranged in
Helical or polyhedral
204
Viroids are
Free RNA
205
Infectious proteins are present in
Prions
206
In a bacteriophage DNA is present in
Head
207
AIDS virus contains
RNA and protein
208
Reverse transcriptase is
DNA dependent DNA polymerase
209
Enzyme needed for production of DNA from RNA is
Reverse transcriptase
210
HIV can be transmitted by all of the following sources except
Saliva
211
Uncoating of HIV virion occurs
In cytoplasm
212
HIV genome contains
Two identical RNA strands
213
Major cells infected by HIV are
Lymphocytes
214
Virus can detects its specific host cell by
Specific receptors
215
The smallest known viruses they contain RNA in spherical capsid are the:
Polio
216
Infectious hepatitis is caused by:
Hepatitis A virus
217
Hepatitis B is also called:
Serum Hepatitis
218
Name the enveloped RNA virus that causes infusion hepatitis:
HCV
219
Which of these diseases is not caused by a virus:
Cholera
220
The long chain of HIV-Protein is cut down by proteases of:
HIV
221
Whenever a virus encounters an unfamiliar organism, the virus may undergo multiple mutations and emerge as a variant that produces:
Novel Diseases
222
In which year causative agent of AIDS was named?
1986
223
The Herpes virus is responsible for which of the following types of Herpes?
Simplex
224
Edward Jenner prepared a vaccine against:
Smallpox
225
A major cell infected by HIV:
T Helper lymphocytes
226
Which of the following molecule facilitates the entry of HIV into the human body?
Glycoprotein
227
Prominent symptoms of AIDS:
➡Pneumonia
➡Rapid Weight Loss
➡Extremet and unexplained tiredness
228
For the synthesis o mRNA, HIV uses:
Host RNA polymerase
229
A person with a viral load of HIV 1 untreated leads to:
AIDS
230
Which o the following is more virulent?
HIV-1
231
There is no vaccine against HIV. What is the possible reason for this
Virus mutates rapidly
232
HIV mainly attacks:
CD4 site of T cells
233
Chimpanzee has _____ instead of HIV
SIV
234
AIDS is caused:
Human Immunodeecicecy virus
235
What is meant by HIV-positive?
A person has AIDS
236
The replication of the HIV nucleic acid depends on:
Reverse transcriptase
237
The viral genome is integrated into the host genome by which of the following enzymes?
Integrase
238
Three stages of HIV infection are:
Acute infection➡Chronic Infection
➡AIDS
239
Mumps and measles are caused by which o the following?
Paramyxovirus
240
HAV is transmitted by:
Faeces
241
____ is the usual causative agent of genital herpes.
HSV-1
242
When did experimental administration of the HIV virus begin?
2001
243
Pigs are reservoirs of:
HEV
244
Which of the following statement correctly describes the Tobacco Mosaic virus?
RNA virus
245
Pox virus is different from all others due to;
Size
246
A remarkable feature of the pox virus:
Largest in size
247
It is true about mumps
Widely spread
248
The genetically engineered vaccine is available for which of the following hepatitis virus?
➡HBV
➡HAV
249
Pox virus has:
Double-stranded DNA
250
For attachment rabies virus bind to:
Acetylcholine receptor
251
Where does the AIDS virus infect?
Leukocytes
252
Which specialized enzyme does retrovirus have?
Reverse transcriptase
253
Hepatitis D also known as:
Delta Hepatitis
254
How HIV is transmitted?
➡Sexual contact
➡Blodd
➡Breast Feeding
255
Which of the following is not a viral disease?
Tetanus
256
Which o the following is not a component of HIV?
Ribosomes
257
HIV differs from many viruses because it has high genetic?
Variability
258
Influenza virus protein HA binds with ____ residues found on the surface of respiratory epithelial cells.
Sialic acid
259
All are HIV symptoms except:
➡Cardiac arrest
➡Bloody stools
➡Chills
260
SIV is the abbreviation of;
Simian immunodeficiency virus
261
The enzyme which plays important role in HIV pathogenesis:
Reverse Transcrpitase
262
All o the following are the current preventive methods for HIV infection except:
Use of available vaccines
263
Influenza is caused by:
Influenza virus
264
The locks the HIV genome into capsid:
Gag protein
265
The genetically engineered vaccine is not available for which of the following?
HCV
266
In what year did WHO declare that smallpox was completely eradicated?
1980
267
AIDS was firstly reported in which types of individuals?
Homosexuals
268
Mad cow disease is caused by one of the following:
Prion
269
___ is associated with a number of tumours in humans:
Oncoviruses
270
Which virus causes the second major form of hepatitis?
Hepatitis B
271
Which can convert normal cells into cancer cells?
Retrovirus
272
People with chronic hepatitis are at risk of:
Liver damage
273
Viru for making viral DNA uses whose RNA polymerase:
Host
274
Retroviruses are characterized by:
Reverse transcriptase enzyme
275
Retroviruses contain:
Single-stranded RNA
276
Major cells that are infected by HIV are:
T-helper cells
277
It acts as a template strand for reverse transcriptase:
Viral RNA
278
The phenomenon of transcription in the HIV life cycle occurs in:
Nucleus
(Cytoplasm=Process of reverse transcription)
279
Attachment of HIV DNA with host DNA is done via the action of:
Integrase
280
HIV can be transmitted by all o the following sources except:
Saliva
281
Uncoating of HIV virion occurs:
In cytoplasm
282
The protein of HIV that helps in its fusion with T cell
gp-41
(gp-120 is needed to attach to the host cell)
283
Common among all viruses during their infection cycles:
Translation in cytoplasm
284
Receptors proteins present on T helper lymphocytes where an HIV particle binds:
CD4
285
Which of the following cells does HIV mainly infect:
T-helper lymphocytes
286
AIDS is caused by:
Virus
287
Which one is not an opportunistic disease related to HIV infection?
➡Destruction of the body's immune system✅
➡recurrent pneumonia❌
➡Pulmonary tuberculosis❌
➡Toxoplasmosis❌
288
The main target of HIV in AIDS is:
Heper T-Lymphocytes
289
Numerous opportunistic diseases might attack a person suffering from which of the following disease:
AIDS
290
Which of the following is not true about the human immunodeficiency virus?
➡It is a retrovirus❌
➡It is surrounded by an envelope❌
➡It does not cause AIDS✅
➡It causes deficiency in o human immune system❌
291
Bacteriophages or phages are also known as:
Bacteria eater
292
The bacteriophage incorporates in the viral genome in which phase?
Lysogenic cycle
293
How many bacteriophages are formed after 25 minutes of initial infection?
200
294
What is the first step in the replication of bacteriophages?
Attachment
295
Viruses that attack bacteria are called:
Bacteriophage
296
Where the double-stranded DNA of the bacteriophage is found?
Head
297
The phage that causes the lytic cycle is called;
➡Virulent Phage
➡Lytic Phage
298
During the lytic cycle how many phages are released from the infected host cell:
100-200
299
Bacteriophages have been used widely in genetic research since they are the smallest and simplest biological entities capable of:
Multiplication in the host cell
300
Does binary fission occur in which stage of the bacteriophage lie cycle?
Lysogenic cycle
301
The structure of which bacteriophage resembles a tadpole?
T4
302
These viruses usually occur in two structural forms:
Bacteriophage
303
In which step is lysozyme released by the bacteriophage?
Penetration
304
What type of phage is a T2 phage?
dsDNA phage
305
Which type of virus infects E.coli bacteria?
T phages
306
What is the function of lysozyme released by bacteriophages?
Dissolve bacterial cell wall
307
Where does the bacteriophage replicate?
Bacteria
308
The phage that causes the lysogenic cycle is?
Temperate phage
309
When the tobacco mosaic virus was successfully crystallized?
1935
310
They show complexity
T4 virus
311
Viral DNA, incorporated into bacterial DNA, is called:
Prophage
312
What was the correct classification according to Linnaeus?
➡Similar genera in one family
➡Similar species in one genus
➡Similar families in one order
313
Pathogens inside the body are killed by:
➡Antibodies
➡Immune system cells
➡Interferon
314
Who discovered that the agents which caused tobacco mosaic disease were filterable?
Ivanowski
315
First vaccine was developed by Edward Jenner against:
Small pox
316
Chemically viruses are:
Nucleoprotien
317
All of the following viral components are synthesized in host cell by using its metabolic machinery except:
Envelope
318
It is the essential component of all the viruses:
Nucleopcapsid
319
A chemical component that is found in all viruses is:
Protein
320
Number of capsomeres in capsid of adenovirus is:
252
321
These are the largest known virus:
Pox virus
322
The msot common classification for viruses is on base of;
Nucleic acid properties
323
Tobacco mosaic virus is:
Rod shaped
324
The common host for T4 phage is;
Escherichia coli
325
Detachment of the prophage from bacterial chromosome and start of lytic cycle is:
Induction
326
Prophage is actually;
DNA of non-virulent phage
327
The first step in the replication of bacteriophage is its:
Absorption
328
It is also called as infusion hepatitis:
Hepatitis C
329
Virus that attacks on spinal cord in humans is;
Polio Virus
330
Up to 60% of adults are immune to;
➡Mumps
➡Measles
331
All of the following are related to retroviruses except:
Double stranded RNA
332
Viruses associated with tumor production in fowl, rodents and cats are;
Retroviruses
333
All of the following parts of HIV enter into host cell excpet:
Envelope
334
First virus which was purified and crystallized was;
Tobacco Mosaic virus
335
These are non-cellular infectious entities which contain either RNA or DNA;
Viruses
336
It gives definite shape to the virion:
Capsid
337
Viruses are;
Obligate intracellular parasites
338
Number of capsomeres in capsid of herpes virus is;
162
339
Viruses are resistant to all of the following except:
Interferon
340
Viruses are extremely infectious agents, which can only be seen by:
Electron microscope
341
Bacteriophages occur in two structural form having:
➡Cubical
➡Helical
342
In T4 bacteriophage, how many tail fibers are attached to end plate:
6
343
Receptor site for attachment of T4 phage is present on;
Cell wall of E.coli
344
The receptor site for attachment of T4 phage of bacterial cell is on;
Cell wall
345
Host biosynthetic machinery forms all components of phages under phage genomic information except:
Envelope of phages
346
The process by which viral DNA is incorporated into bacterial chromosome as prophage is called;
Lysogeny
347
Prophage is actually;
DNA of non-virulent phage
348
What are the sequences of steps in which a bacteriophage attacks bacterium and injects its DNA?
Landing➡ Tail Contraction➡ Penetration➡ DNA injection
349
It is also called as infusion hepatitis;
Hepatitis C
350
Viral inflammation of parotid gland is commonly associated with;
Mumps
351
It is less severe but often leads to chronic liver disease:
Hepatitis C
352
All of the following are associated with acute attacks if hepatitis except:
Liver Damage
353
All of the following are related to retroviruses except:
Double Stranded RNA
354
It is an example of retrovirus;
HIV
355
In HIV, reverse transcriptase coverts single stranded RNA into double stranded viral DNA. This process is also called;
Reverse Transcription
356
We can protect ourselves from HIV/AIDS through;
Blood screening before transfusions
357
Which process or step in HIV life cycle does not occur in cytoplasm?
Transription
358
Part of HIV labeled at X is:
Envelope spikes
359
Prions are __ infectious agents.
Protienaceous
360
RNA viruses appear to have higher rates mutation because:
Replication of their nuceli acid does not involve the proofreading steps of DNA replication
361
Which feature belongs to the influenza virus?
Viruses enter the host cell by endocytosis
362
Transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another by virus is called:
Transduction
363
AIDS virus contains:
RNA + Protein
364
Viroids differ from viruses in:
Naked RNA molecules only
365
Reverse transcriptase is:
RNA dependent DNA polymerase
366
Tailed bacteriophages are:
Non-Motile
367
Which of the following pair of diseases is caused by viruses?
Measeles and Rabies
368
Influenza virus has
RNA
369
T-Bacteriophages possess
Tadpole Shape
370
Process absent in viruses is:
Energy Liberation
371
A characteristic of viruses is:
Without independent Metabolism
372
RNA is genetic material in:
Tobaco Mosaic Virus
373
Prophage is actually:
DNA of non-virulent phage
374
RNA is the genetic material in:
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
375
Helical contractile sheath occurs in:
Bacteriophage
376
Tobacco mosaic virus was crystallized for the first time by:
W.M. Stanley
377
Mature virus particle is:
Virion
378
Prophage is a viral genome that is:
Incorporated and integrated to host genome
379
Certain RNA viruses carry an enzyme that uses viral RNA as a template for synthesis of DNA. THe enzyme is:
Reverse transcriptase
380
Viruses cannot multiple of their own because they:
Lack of cellular machinery to use its genetic material
381
Which one of the following statement about viruses is correct?
Viruses are obligate parasites
382
All viruses are ___ infectious entities in nature.
Acellular
383
Who discovered that the agents, which caused tobacco mosaic vrius are filterable?
Ivanowski
384
First evidence of viral existence was provided by:
W.M. Stanley
385
Viruses cannot be grown on artificial culture media because they are:
Oligate Parasites
386
The living characteristics o the virus is/are
➡THey have their own nucleic acid genome
➡THey reproduce by using biosynthetic machinery of host cell
➡They get destroyed by UV rays
387
It is present in all viruses:
Capsid
388
First vaccine was developed against:
Small pox
389
Viruses can be classified on the basis of:
➡Host
➡Capsid
➡Genome
390
Capsomeres are arranged in twenty triangles to form:
Icosahedral shape
391
The chemical nature of the agent causing mad cow infection is:
Protein
392
It is the smallest virus known to date:
Parvo virus
393
Herpes virus-I can cause:
Vascular Lesions
394
Which one of the following is not the essential requirement for the replication of viruses?
Envelope
395
Polio virus is transmitted by:
Oro-Fecal Route
396
Serum hepatitis is caused by:
HBV
397
These have the ability to convert normal cells into cancer cells:
Retro virus
398
HIV contains ___ as genome:
Two single RNA strands
399
Capsid of HIV is:
Conical shaped
400
Most distincitive feature of retrovruses is:
Reverse transcriptase
401
Most common symtpom of AIDS related complex is:
Swollen lymph nodes in neck
402
Acute attacks of heaptitis B cause:
Fatigue, Loss of appetite and Juandice
403
Mostly retroviruses infect those cells having specific
Cell surace receptors
404
Glycoprotein embedded in HIV envelope form:
Spikes
405
It is the outer glycoprotein found in the HIV spikes:
gp-120
406
In the case of HIV particles, the matrix proteins are present in between
➡Envelope
➡Capsid
407
These cells are specifically targeted by the HIV
Helper T-Cells
408
The site where reverse transcription of the HIV genome occurs is;
The cytoplasm of the host cell
409
Reverse transcriptase can convert:
Single-stranded RNA genome into Double Stranded DNA
410
In case of HIV, only __ can infect host cells.
Double stranded DNA
411
The double-stranded viral DNA can be incorporated into the host T4 genome as a:
Provirus
412
Some retroviruses can convert
Normal cells into cancer cells
413
AIDS was reported by some physicians in the early 1980s in young homosexual males. They showed the following symptoms, EXCEPT
Rare pneumonia and a severe vascular cancer
414
Soon after the initial victims of AIDS, the disease was discovered in _________patients, who were given blood products.
Non-Homosexuals
415
The agent causing the AIDS was identified by research teams from
Pasteur Institute in France and National Institute of health in USA
416
Human immunodeficiency virus causes:
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
417
Recent studies on HIV reveal that the virus infects and multiplies in ________ but does not cause disease in them.
Monkeys
418
Following are the means of transmission of AIDS, EXCEPT:
Human immunodeficiency virus
419
The most important measure to prevent aids and HIV is:
Avoiding the direct contact with HIV
420
Now vaccine against _______ have been synthesized and its experimental administration in humans started in
South Africa
HIV
421
HIV is uncoated:
Inside the cytoplasm
422
How many molecules of RNA are found in HIV:
2
423
How many molecules of reverse transcriptase are found in HIV:
2
424
In infection cycle of HIV RNA is converted into DNA duplex by:
Reverse Transcription
425
In infection cycle of HIV after attachment there comes:
Entry
426
Cd4 receptor bearing T Lymphocyte is infected by
HIV
427
T4 phage consists of:
Head and Tail
428
The following are true about the head of T4 phage EXCEPT:
➡Hexagonal structure❌
➡Pyramidal Structure❌
➡Prism-shaped Structure❌
➡Oval Structure✔️
429
“Two triangular structures with common base” is the description of the structure of ______ of T4 phage.
Head
430
Within the head of T4 phage ________ molecule is present.
Double Stranded DNA
431
The structure of phage ______ is more complex than ______.
Tail, Head
432
About tail of T4 phage which one is not true:
Core and sheath are made of same type of protein
433
The volume of T4 phage is about _____ times shorter than that of host:
1000
434
The bacteriophage is adsorbed to host cell at _______ of bacterium
Receptor Site
435
A bacteriophage is attached to the receptor site on the host cells:
Cell Wall
436
The virus which was first isolated
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
437
Viruses can be considered as living because they:
Reproduce in host cells
438
Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, groin, and armpits, night sweats, loss of memory and
depression, is seen at which stage of AIDS?
AIDS-related complex
439
Which of the following is not used for classification of viruses?
Disease Symptoms
440
Most of antibiotics have no effect on the virus because:
Viruses have no metabolism of their own
441
The structurally complete, mature, and infectious viral particle is known as:
Virion
442
It is virtually found in all viruses:
Proteins
443
Helical contractile sheath is found in:
Bacteriophage
444
The following steps occur during the life cycle of bacteriophages. What is the second step?
Penetration
445
The process that cannot takes place in absence of viruses:
Transduction
446
GP120 make which of the following?
Spikes of HIV envelope
447
Viroids differ from viruses in being:
Naked RNA molecules only
448
The causative agent of ‘scrapie’ of sheep and goats is
Prion
449
If a person shows the production of interferons in his body, then the chances are that he has got an infection of:
Measles
450
There are more than __________ viruses causing common cold.
200
451
HIV decreases the natural immunity of the body by:
Attacking T-lymphocytes
452
All are neurotropic viral diseases except:
➡Polio❌
➡Rabies❌
➡Encepalitis❌
➡Herpes simplex✅
453
identify the hepatitis virus, which cannot survive independently and it requires another
hepatitis virus for its multiplication
Hepatitis-D virus
454
Prophage is actually:
DNA of non-viulent phage
455
The first step in the replication of bacteriophage is its attachment to the host cell at
receptor site located on
Cell wall of the bacteria
456
It acts as the site of reverse transcription during the HIV life cycle:
Cytoplasm of the host cell
457
Hepatitis ‘A’ is also called as:
Infectious Hepatitis
458
The protein coat of viruses are called___ and it encloses the viral ___:
Capsid, Genome
459
HIV infects __ and the defects in these cells lead to failure in __ system:
Helper T-Lymphocytes, Immune
460
HIV is:
RNA enveloped
461
The complete, mature and infectious particle is known as:
Virion
462
Animal and plant viruses ay be:
Spherical
463
Virus classification is based on:
➡Host Organisms
➡Other structural characters such as morphology and type of genome
➡Mode of action in the host
464
The internationally agreed system of virus classification is based on:
The structure and opposition of the virus particle
465
Bacteriophage attacks bacteria:
It is a DNA virus with a polyhedral tail
466
More than ___ types of viral plant diseases are known:
2000
467
Most __ discovered till to date e.g. tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), have an RNA genome:
Plant Viruses
468
___ cases warts:
Papovirus
469
__ causes polio:
Picomovirus
470
Viruses having a polyhedral capsid with a glycoprotein spike at each vertex:
Adenoviruses
471
Pox virus s:
Double Stranded (dsDNA)
472
The retrovirus that leads to AIDS:
Contains RNA in its genome
473
A virus is made up of :
➡Protein coat
➡Nucleic acid
474
The protein coat of viruses that enclose the genetic material is called:
Capsid
475
A fuly formed infectious particle is called:
virion
476
Choose the wrong statement:
➡Capsomeres is a sub-unit o the capsid❌
➡Capsomeres self-assemble to form the capsid❌
➡Viruses can multiple only in living cells of animals, plants or bacteria❌
➡All the statements are true✅
477
Viruses are considered non-living because they:
Cannot reproduce independently
478
Which of these are found in all viruses?
➡PRoteins
➡Nucleic acid
479
WHich of these is a true statement?
Viruses use the host ribosomes for their own needs
480
Which part of an animal virus is not reproduced in multiple copies?
Envelope
481
RNA retroviruses have a special enzyme that:
Transcribes viral RNA to DNA
482
Which of the following illness is caused by a retrovirus?
AIDS
483
The HIV primarily infects:
Helper T-Cells
484
A virus is made up of:
➡Protein coat
➡Nucleic acid
485
The protein coat of viruses that enclose the genetic material is called:
Capsid
486
The protein coat of viruses that enclose the genetic material is called:
Capsid
487
A virions is:
an intact infectious viral particle
488
HIV is a retrovirus that infects and colonizes cells in the:
Immune System
489
Which of the following is a symptom of AIDS?
➡Fever
➡Swollen lymph nodes
➡Tiredness
490
HIV can also spread through:
Sharing Needles
491
How many stages of HIV infection exist?
3
492
In individuals with HIV, opportunistic infections are:
More Frequent
493
Where did HIV originate?
A chimpanzee
494
What is AIDS?
In the final stage of HIV
495
How does HIV become AIDS?
➡HIV attacks the T-cells
➡HIV makes multiple copies of itself
➡HIV destroys cells in the body
496
Which is not considered a common method of transmission for HIV?
Urine
497
In asymptomatic carriers of AIDS, the symptoms disappear and there are no other symptoms for:
Nine Months Longer
