Unit 1.2(a) - Proteins, the proteome

Question 1

What is the proteome?

Answer 1

The proteome is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome

Question 2

The set of proteins expressed by a given cell can vary over time and under different conditions, what are the factors/conditions?

Answer 2

metabolic activity of the cell
cellular stress
the response to signalling molecules
diseased versus healthy cells

Question 3

What are the two reasons for proteomes being bigger than genomes?

Answer 3

RNA Splicing and Post-Translational Modification

Question 4

What is RNA Splicing?

Answer 4

When introns are spliced (removed) from mRNA, leaving only the exons expressed in the protein molecule.

Question 5

What is an intron?

Answer 5

A non-coding sequence of mRNA

Question 6

What are genes that don’t code for proteins called?

Answer 6

Non-coding RNA Genes

Question 7

What are the 3 types of non coding Genes?

Answer 7

Genes are transcribed to produce tRNA
rRNA
RNA molecules that control the expression of other genes