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Psychology > Unit 11 > Flashcards

Unit 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Believed we are driven primarily by our unconscious mind.

Established the theory of psychoanalysis which attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious (outside of awareness) motives and conflicts.

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2
Q

Free association

A

in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

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3
Q

Id

A

the unconscious part of us that strives to satisfy basic drives to survive, reproduce, and aggress.

• Operates according to the pleasure principle: the drive to seek pleasure and avoid pain.

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4
Q

Ego

A

the rational aspect of personality that directs and controls instincts and guides our decisions.

•Operates according to the
reality principle: the drive to meet the demands of the id in ways that are realistic.

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5
Q

Superego

A

the voice of our moral compass (conscience) that forces the ego to consider not only the real but the ideal.

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6
Q

Identification

A

the process by which children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos.

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7
Q

Psychosexual Stages

A

the childhood stages of development during which, the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct
erogenous zones (sensitive parts of the body).

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8
Q

Psychodynamic Theories

A

modern-day approaches that view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences.

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9
Q

Projective tests

A

a personality test designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, presumably revealing hidden emotions and internal conflicts projected by the person into the test.

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10
Q

Humanistic theorists

A

focused on the ways people strive for self-determination (personal freedom to control one’s own life) and self-realization (personal fulfillment).

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11
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

Strongly critical of behaviorism and psychoanalysis.

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12
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

An arrangement of innate needs, from strongest to weakest, that activates and directs behavior.

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13
Q

self-actualization

A

the process of fulfilling our potential

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14
Q

self-transcendence

A

achieving meaning, purpose, and communion beyond the self

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15
Q

Carl rogers

A

Believed that people are basically good and are endowed with self-actualizing tendencies.

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16
Q

Positive self-concept

A

we tend to act and perceive ourselves and the world positively.

17
Q

Negative self-concept

A

we fall short of our ideal self and feel dissatisfied and unhappy.

18
Q

Albert Bandura

A

Proposed the
social-cognitive
theory of personality

19
Q

Social-Cognitive Perspective

A

Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people’s traits and their social context.

20
Q

Reciprocal Determinism

A

The notion that a person’s behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment

21
Q

External Locus of Control

A

The perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate.

22
Q

Internal Locus of Control

A

The perception that you
control your own fate.

23
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

When an individual continuously faces a negative, uncontrollable situation and stops trying to change their circumstances

24
Q

Spotlight effect

A

People tend to believe they are being noticed more than they really are

25
Q

Self-esteem

A

One’s feelings of high or low
self-worth

26
Q

Self-efficacy

A

One’s sense of competence and effectiveness; an individual’s confidence in their ability to complete a task or achieve a goal

27
Q

Self-serving bias

A

A tendency to perceive oneself in an overly favorable manner

28
Q

Individualism

A

Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

29
Q

Collectivist

A

Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity as part of a group rather than an individual

30
Q

Personality psychology

A

Examines personality and it’s variation among individuals

31
Q

Unconscious

A

Outside of our awareness

According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable, thoughts, wishes and memories

32
Q

Oedipus complex

A

During the phallic stage, a boys, sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

33
Q

Fixation

A

A lingering focus of pleasure sinking energies at an earlier psychosexual Stage in which conflict for unresolved

34
Q

Interpretation of dreams

A

According to Freud dreams are the disguise fulfillment of repressed infantile wishes

35
Q

Manifest content

A

The dream that the conscious individual remembers experiencing

36
Q

Latent content

A

Hidden psychological meaning of the dream 

Psychology (6 decks)

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