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Psychology > Unit 1/2 > Flashcards

Unit 1/2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of the mind and behavior

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The branch of biology that studies, the way, living organism’s body functions

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3
Q

Empiricism

A

The idea that knowledge come from experiences and that experimentation allows us to gain a scientific knowledge

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4
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Known as the father of psychology, he started the first psychology lab in Leipzig Germany

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5
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

She was the first woman to receive a PhD in psychology

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6
Q

Mary Whiton Calkins

A

She was the first woman to complete all the requirements for her PhD in psychology, but she was denied the degree because she was a woman

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7
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

She lobbied Congress to create the first generation of mental asylums in the United States

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8
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

He was the founder of psychoanalysis and believe the unconscious mind was responsible for behavior, believed in taking therapy

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9
Q

G Stanley Hall

A

He helped found American psychology association started the first psychology laboratory in the US

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10
Q

William James

A

He was the founder of functionalism

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11
Q

John B Watson

A

He was one of the founders of the behaviorist movement and is known for the infamous little Albert experiment

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12
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Introduce the theory of evolution by natural selection

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13
Q

Structuralism

A

The whole can be understood by examining its parts, breaks down the human mind to its most basic components

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14
Q

Functionalism

A

Examines the function of the human mind what purpose does it serve

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15
Q

Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

A

Focus on the cause, development, and treatment of abnormal behavior emphasize unconscious mind

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16
Q

Behavioral perspective

A

a theory suggesting that environment shapes human behavior

How we learn observable responses

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17
Q

Cognitive perspective

A

Studies how thinking and perception influence behavior

How we encode process store and retrieve information

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18
Q

Humanistic

A

Peoples potential and drive to be the best

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19
Q

Sociocultural

A

Impact people, culture, religion, ethnicity, gender, income level, and overall environment on a persons thinking and behavior

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20
Q

Biological

A

How genetics, the nervous system, hormones, and the brain structures influence a persons thinking and behavior

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21
Q

Evolutionary

A

Charles Darwin
emphasizes how evolution influences thinking, and behavior

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22
Q

Biopsychosocial

A

Emphasizes that biological psychological and social forces all influence behavior

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23
Q

School psychologist

A

A psychologist who works in schools and test students for learning and emotional struggles. They help create individualized education plans for students with learning and emotional struggles.

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24
Q

Psychiatrist

A

Mental doctor, who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness. They typically prescribe medication to treat mental illness.

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25
Q

Positive psychology

A

The field studies, human flourishing with the goal of discovering and prompting a person, strengths, focuses on both individual and society well-being

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26
Q

industrial- organizational psychology

A

This field applies psychological training to the workplace. Helps companies select and train employees, boost morale and productivity, design products, and implement systems.

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27
Q

Counseling psychologist

A

A type of psychologist who assists people with personal problems, often related to school, work, relationships, etc.
Can treat people with mental disorders, but this is not their specialty.

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28
Q

cognitive Neuroscience

A

This field studies the biological processes (brain structures/neural networks) involved in cognition (thinking, perceiving, memory, etc.).

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29
Q

Developmental psychology

A

This field studies how people change and develop over their lifespan.

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30
Q

Personality psychology

A

This field studies people’s characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting.

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31
Q

Clinical psychology

A

A type of psychologist who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. Provides counseling/therapy, and does not prescribe medication.

32
Q

Social psychology

A

This field studies how we think about, influence, and relate to other people.

33
Q

experimental Psychology

A

This field uses experiments to study human thought and behavior.

34
Q

applied research

A

This is a type of research that is conducted in order to solve a particular problem, not just to learn something new.

35
Q

human factors psychology

A

This field studies the interplay between humans and technology/machines.

36
Q

Psychometrics

A

This field focuses on the construction of assessment tools, measurement instruments, and formal models that can be used in research studies or clinical settings.

37
Q

health psychology

A

This field examines how biological, social, and psychological factors influence health and illness.

38
Q

Inferential statistics

A

Generalizing data of a larger population off of a small certainty

39
Q

Statistical Significance

A

How likely a statistic occurred by chance

40
Q

P- Value

A

determines if a study rejects nUll
hypothes’s

41
Q

Null Hypothesis

A

when there is no relationship between Statistical observation

42
Q

Meta-analysis technique

A

Analysis of multiple studies to find a solution to a problem

43
Q

Ethics/general principle

A

Ethics concern, the morals of an experiment

44
Q

Institutional review board

A

National board of review to accept experiments

45
Q

Informed consent

A

Participants willingly aware of their participation

46
Q

Discontinuing participation

A

Participants are allowed to drop out of the study at any time without a penalty

47
Q

Confidentiality

A

Idea that date is concealed

48
Q

Deception

A

Misleading/concealing info, to guide people in a certain way

49
Q

Debriefing

A

The process of giving participants in a completed research project information about what they participated in

50
Q

Animal testing

A

Use of products, processes on animals

51
Q

Statistics

A

Numeric value that determines quantity/frequency of event

52
Q

Descriptive statistics

A

Stats that describe a population

53
Q

Frequency distribution table

A

Shows how often an event occurs

54
Q

Histogram

A

Uses dates in quantities

55
Q

Mean “average”

A

Add all numbers and divide by how many numbers there are

56
Q

Median “middle”

A

Number in the middle of data

57
Q

Mode

A

Number that occurs most often

58
Q

Range

A

Highest number, subtracted by lowest number

59
Q

Standard deviation

A

Measures the deviation for the mean

60
Q

Z scores

A

measures how many standard deviations a data point is from the mean in a distribution

61
Q

Skewed data

A

An outlier is just proportionately affecting the mean, if you have the score stretch out away from the group like a tale, the skew is named for the direction of the tail

62
Q

Normal distribution

A

Data is distributed equally

63
Q

Negative Skew “Skewed Left” more data

A

More data is on the right

64
Q

Positive Skew “Skewed Right”

A

more data is on the left

65
Q

Martin seligman

A

Founded positive psychology

66
Q

Albert Ellis

A

Creator of rational, emotional behavior therapy

67
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Develop theory that children’s cognitive abilities process through four stages

68
Q

Tichenor

A

Used introspection to search for the minds structural elements

69
Q

Albert Bandura

A

Bubba experiment children learn by observation

70
Q

Maslow

A

Hierarchy of needs

Physiological, safety belong, belonging this, esteem, self actualization

71
Q

Rogers

A

Humanistic, personality, and behavior

72
Q

BF Skinner

A

Skinnerbox rat conditioning reward operate

73
Q

Behavior

A

How someone acts response to things that are happening?

74
Q

Mental processes

A

Internal subjective experience as we observe from behavior

Ex: sensations perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings

75
Q

Perspectives

A

Approaching/interpretations of psychology that health professionals understand the individual

76
Q

Evolutionary perspective

A

How natural selection of treats, his promoted the survival genes

77
Q

Psychodynamic perspective

A

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

Psychology (6 decks)

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